Retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration （AMD） and diabetic retinopathy （DR） are the leading causes of blindness in adults over the age of 50 years in the US. While most of those conditions do ...Retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration （AMD） and diabetic retinopathy （DR） are the leading causes of blindness in adults over the age of 50 years in the US. While most of those conditions do not have a cure, currently available treatment options attempt to prevent further vision loss. For many ophthalmic drugs, an efficient delivery system to provide maximum therapeutic efficacy and promote patient compliance remains an unmet medical need. An exploration of literature via PubMed spanning from 2007 to 2017 was conducted to identify studies that have evaluated nanotechnology as platforms for delivering therapeutic agents to the posterior segment of the eye where the retina is located. Until now, four routes that have been utilized for retinal drug delivery are the intravitreal, periocular, subretinal, and systemic routes. Intravitreal injections are now widely used in clinical practice due to their ability to directly target the back of the eye but are highly invasive procedures that may cause several complications, particularly with repeated uses over a short timespan. Nanotechnology shows great promise to revolutionize retinal drug delivery, offering many advantages such as a targeted delivery system towards the specific site of the retina as well as sustained delivery of therapeutic agents. In this review, specific eye anatomy and constraints on ocular drug administration are illustrated. Further, we list and highlight several examples of nanosystems, such as hydrogels, liposomes, dendrimers, and micelles, used via different drug delivery routes to treat various retinal diseases.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To explore the new indications and key mechanism of Bazi Bushen capsule(BZBS)by network pharmacology and in vitro experiment.METHODS The potential tar⁃get profiles of the components of BZBS were pre⁃dicted.S...OBJECTIVE To explore the new indications and key mechanism of Bazi Bushen capsule(BZBS)by network pharmacology and in vitro experiment.METHODS The potential tar⁃get profiles of the components of BZBS were pre⁃dicted.Subsequently,new indications for BZBS were predicted by disease ontology(DO)enrich⁃ment analysis and initially validated by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.Further⁃more,the therapeutic target of BZBS acting on AD signaling pathway were identified by intersec⁃tion analysis.Two Alzheimer′s disease(AD)cell models,BV-2 and SH-SY5Y,were used to pre⁃liminarily verify the anti-AD efficacy and mecha⁃nism of BZBS in vitro.RESULTS In total,1499 non-repeated ingredients were obtained from 16 herbs in BZBS formula,and 1320 BZBS targets with high confidence were predicted.Disease enrichment results strongly suggested that BZBS formula has the potential to be used in the treat⁃ment of AD.In vitro experiments showed that BZ⁃BS could significantly reduce the release of TNF-αand IL-6 and the expression of COX-2 and PSEN1 in Aβ25-35-induced BV-2 cells.BZBS reduced the apoptosis rate of Aβ25-35 induced SH-SY5Y cells,significantly increased mitochon⁃drial membrane potential,reduced the expres⁃sion of Caspase3 active fragment and PSEN1,and increased the expression of IDE.CONCLU⁃SIONS BZBS formula has a potential use in the treatment of AD,which is achieved through regu⁃lation of ERK1/2,NF-κB signaling pathways,and GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.Further⁃more,the network pharmacology technology is a feasible drug repurposing strategy to reposition new clinical use of approved TCM and explore the mechanism of action.The study lays a foun⁃dation for the subsequent in-depth study of BZBS in the treatment of AD and provides a basis for its application in the clinical treatment of AD.展开更多
中药在逆转肺癌耐药中具有重要作用,而从中药中提取的单体化合物往往对于逆转肺癌耐药也有较好的活性。为了解目前不同结构中药单体化合物在肺癌多药耐药中的研究进展,本文以中药单体、肺癌、耐药性等为关键词在PubMed、Web of Science...中药在逆转肺癌耐药中具有重要作用,而从中药中提取的单体化合物往往对于逆转肺癌耐药也有较好的活性。为了解目前不同结构中药单体化合物在肺癌多药耐药中的研究进展,本文以中药单体、肺癌、耐药性等为关键词在PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、维普、万方等数据库对中药单体成分逆转肺癌耐药的相关研究文献进行了检索,归纳了有关的中药单体类化合物,如生物碱类、萜类、黄酮类、皂苷类等化合物,综述了其在逆转肺癌耐药的作用及机制,从而可以为其进一步研究提供参考和思路。展开更多
文摘Retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration （AMD） and diabetic retinopathy （DR） are the leading causes of blindness in adults over the age of 50 years in the US. While most of those conditions do not have a cure, currently available treatment options attempt to prevent further vision loss. For many ophthalmic drugs, an efficient delivery system to provide maximum therapeutic efficacy and promote patient compliance remains an unmet medical need. An exploration of literature via PubMed spanning from 2007 to 2017 was conducted to identify studies that have evaluated nanotechnology as platforms for delivering therapeutic agents to the posterior segment of the eye where the retina is located. Until now, four routes that have been utilized for retinal drug delivery are the intravitreal, periocular, subretinal, and systemic routes. Intravitreal injections are now widely used in clinical practice due to their ability to directly target the back of the eye but are highly invasive procedures that may cause several complications, particularly with repeated uses over a short timespan. Nanotechnology shows great promise to revolutionize retinal drug delivery, offering many advantages such as a targeted delivery system towards the specific site of the retina as well as sustained delivery of therapeutic agents. In this review, specific eye anatomy and constraints on ocular drug administration are illustrated. Further, we list and highlight several examples of nanosystems, such as hydrogels, liposomes, dendrimers, and micelles, used via different drug delivery routes to treat various retinal diseases.
基金Chinese Academy of Engi⁃neering Strategic Consulting Project(2022-XY-45)S&T Program of Hebei(22372502D)+1 种基金Scien⁃tific Research Project of Hebei Provincial Admin⁃istration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(023172)and Scientific Research Project of Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2021273)。
文摘OBJECTIVE To explore the new indications and key mechanism of Bazi Bushen capsule(BZBS)by network pharmacology and in vitro experiment.METHODS The potential tar⁃get profiles of the components of BZBS were pre⁃dicted.Subsequently,new indications for BZBS were predicted by disease ontology(DO)enrich⁃ment analysis and initially validated by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.Further⁃more,the therapeutic target of BZBS acting on AD signaling pathway were identified by intersec⁃tion analysis.Two Alzheimer′s disease(AD)cell models,BV-2 and SH-SY5Y,were used to pre⁃liminarily verify the anti-AD efficacy and mecha⁃nism of BZBS in vitro.RESULTS In total,1499 non-repeated ingredients were obtained from 16 herbs in BZBS formula,and 1320 BZBS targets with high confidence were predicted.Disease enrichment results strongly suggested that BZBS formula has the potential to be used in the treat⁃ment of AD.In vitro experiments showed that BZ⁃BS could significantly reduce the release of TNF-αand IL-6 and the expression of COX-2 and PSEN1 in Aβ25-35-induced BV-2 cells.BZBS reduced the apoptosis rate of Aβ25-35 induced SH-SY5Y cells,significantly increased mitochon⁃drial membrane potential,reduced the expres⁃sion of Caspase3 active fragment and PSEN1,and increased the expression of IDE.CONCLU⁃SIONS BZBS formula has a potential use in the treatment of AD,which is achieved through regu⁃lation of ERK1/2,NF-κB signaling pathways,and GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.Further⁃more,the network pharmacology technology is a feasible drug repurposing strategy to reposition new clinical use of approved TCM and explore the mechanism of action.The study lays a foun⁃dation for the subsequent in-depth study of BZBS in the treatment of AD and provides a basis for its application in the clinical treatment of AD.
文摘中药在逆转肺癌耐药中具有重要作用,而从中药中提取的单体化合物往往对于逆转肺癌耐药也有较好的活性。为了解目前不同结构中药单体化合物在肺癌多药耐药中的研究进展,本文以中药单体、肺癌、耐药性等为关键词在PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、维普、万方等数据库对中药单体成分逆转肺癌耐药的相关研究文献进行了检索,归纳了有关的中药单体类化合物,如生物碱类、萜类、黄酮类、皂苷类等化合物,综述了其在逆转肺癌耐药的作用及机制,从而可以为其进一步研究提供参考和思路。
