The study by Cao et al aimed to identify early second-trimester biomarkers that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)development using advanced proteomic techniques,such as Isobaric tags for relative and ab...The study by Cao et al aimed to identify early second-trimester biomarkers that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)development using advanced proteomic techniques,such as Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Their analysis revealed 47 differentially expressed proteins in the GDM group,with retinol-binding protein 4 and angiopoietin-like 8 showing significantly elevated serum levels compared to controls.Although these findings are promising,the study is limited by its small sample size(n=4 per group)and lacks essential details on the reproducibility and reliability of the protein quantification methods used.Furthermore,the absence of experimental validation weakens the interpretation of the protein-protein interaction network identified through bioinformatics analysis.The study's focus on second-trimester biomarkers raises concerns about whether this is a sufficiently early period to implement preventive interventions for GDM.Predicting GDM risk during the first trimester or pre-conceptional period may offer more clinical relevance.Despite its limitations,the study presents valuable insights into potential GDM biomarkers,but larger,well-validated studies are needed to establish their predictive utility and generalizability.展开更多
The incidence and prevalence of hypertension are increasing as a consequence of the obesity epidemic.Adipocytes and their variety of factors make contributions to the long-term regulation of blood pressure.The pathoph...The incidence and prevalence of hypertension are increasing as a consequence of the obesity epidemic.Adipocytes and their variety of factors make contributions to the long-term regulation of blood pressure.The pathophysiologic states of hypertension,including obesity,are regulated by the production of adipocytederived factors.Increased body mass index was closely linked to elevated blood pressure.Mostly the hypertensive subjects were obese as well as overweight.There are numerous adipokines,however,this review article only focuses on the major adipokines including chemerin,visfatin,retinol-binding protein 4,plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,monocyte chemotactic protein-1,omentin-1,lipocalin-2,vaspin,progranulin,complement c1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein,and nesfatin-1 role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.This review article concludes the significant association of major adipokines in the pathogenesis of hypertensives.New research should be focused on other newly reported adipokine roles in hypertensive subjects and the management of these adipokines in hypertensive subjects.The discovery of this information could result in the creation of antihypertensive medications,particularly those that focus on obesity-related hypertension.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that cause high blood sugar levels.The most common type is type 2 diabetes,which is caused by insulin resistance and inadequate insulin production.However,diabetes can a...Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that cause high blood sugar levels.The most common type is type 2 diabetes,which is caused by insulin resistance and inadequate insulin production.However,diabetes can also result from conditions affecting the exocrine pancreas.Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients may experience changes in their pancreatic exocrine function,leading to reduced levels of fecal elastase-1 in many cases.This review article focuses on the role of specific pancreatic biomarkers in diabetes mellitus,including cholecystokinin,trypsin,chymotrypsin,carboxypeptidase,amylase,lipase,secretin,elastase-1,and retinol-binding protein 4 about recent advances and discoveries,significant gaps in the literature,current debates,and potential directions for future research related to these biomarkers about diabetes mellitus.This review article discusses various biomarkers related to pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function and their implications in diabetes.It suggests that gut cholecystokinin may play a role in lowering glucose synthesis through a neural network and resistance to it could contribute to hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.It also discusses the use of various markers such as serum trypsin concentration,amylase and lipase levels,pancreatic elastase levels,and fasting secretin levels to assess pancreatic exocrine function.Additionally,the article explores the role of carboxypeptidase E in the endocrine and neurological systems and its association with disorders.Moreover,it also highlights the involvement of retinol-binding protein 4 in the development of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.展开更多
文摘The study by Cao et al aimed to identify early second-trimester biomarkers that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)development using advanced proteomic techniques,such as Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Their analysis revealed 47 differentially expressed proteins in the GDM group,with retinol-binding protein 4 and angiopoietin-like 8 showing significantly elevated serum levels compared to controls.Although these findings are promising,the study is limited by its small sample size(n=4 per group)and lacks essential details on the reproducibility and reliability of the protein quantification methods used.Furthermore,the absence of experimental validation weakens the interpretation of the protein-protein interaction network identified through bioinformatics analysis.The study's focus on second-trimester biomarkers raises concerns about whether this is a sufficiently early period to implement preventive interventions for GDM.Predicting GDM risk during the first trimester or pre-conceptional period may offer more clinical relevance.Despite its limitations,the study presents valuable insights into potential GDM biomarkers,but larger,well-validated studies are needed to establish their predictive utility and generalizability.
文摘The incidence and prevalence of hypertension are increasing as a consequence of the obesity epidemic.Adipocytes and their variety of factors make contributions to the long-term regulation of blood pressure.The pathophysiologic states of hypertension,including obesity,are regulated by the production of adipocytederived factors.Increased body mass index was closely linked to elevated blood pressure.Mostly the hypertensive subjects were obese as well as overweight.There are numerous adipokines,however,this review article only focuses on the major adipokines including chemerin,visfatin,retinol-binding protein 4,plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,monocyte chemotactic protein-1,omentin-1,lipocalin-2,vaspin,progranulin,complement c1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein,and nesfatin-1 role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.This review article concludes the significant association of major adipokines in the pathogenesis of hypertensives.New research should be focused on other newly reported adipokine roles in hypertensive subjects and the management of these adipokines in hypertensive subjects.The discovery of this information could result in the creation of antihypertensive medications,particularly those that focus on obesity-related hypertension.
文摘Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that cause high blood sugar levels.The most common type is type 2 diabetes,which is caused by insulin resistance and inadequate insulin production.However,diabetes can also result from conditions affecting the exocrine pancreas.Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients may experience changes in their pancreatic exocrine function,leading to reduced levels of fecal elastase-1 in many cases.This review article focuses on the role of specific pancreatic biomarkers in diabetes mellitus,including cholecystokinin,trypsin,chymotrypsin,carboxypeptidase,amylase,lipase,secretin,elastase-1,and retinol-binding protein 4 about recent advances and discoveries,significant gaps in the literature,current debates,and potential directions for future research related to these biomarkers about diabetes mellitus.This review article discusses various biomarkers related to pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function and their implications in diabetes.It suggests that gut cholecystokinin may play a role in lowering glucose synthesis through a neural network and resistance to it could contribute to hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.It also discusses the use of various markers such as serum trypsin concentration,amylase and lipase levels,pancreatic elastase levels,and fasting secretin levels to assess pancreatic exocrine function.Additionally,the article explores the role of carboxypeptidase E in the endocrine and neurological systems and its association with disorders.Moreover,it also highlights the involvement of retinol-binding protein 4 in the development of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.
