<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>The results were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression. The analysis results showed that the positions entere...<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>The results were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression. The analysis results showed that the positions entered into the regression model (OR = 2.339);the expected retirement age (OR = 3.280);and delayed retirement can better solve the pension problem (OR = 0.553). Retirement can relieve child financial pressure (OR = 0.217), emotional exhaustion (OR = 0.913) and social opportunities (OR = 1.132). The OR of job title, expected retirement age, and social opportunities is greater than 1, and the others are less than 1. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The most expected retirement age for nurses is 50 to 55 years old, and they are more inclined to retire early. Factors affecting the willingness to postpone retirement include position and expected retirement age. Postponement of retirement can better solve pension problems. Postponement of retirement can alleviate child financial pressure, social opportunities and emotional exhaustion. </p>展开更多
Retirement is a basic right of Chinese citizens. Reasonable determination and appropriate adjustment of the mandatory retirement age should be based on safeguarding the rights of the public, particularly ordi- nary wo...Retirement is a basic right of Chinese citizens. Reasonable determination and appropriate adjustment of the mandatory retirement age should be based on safeguarding the rights of the public, particularly ordi- nary workers, and should be decided by the promise of the state to "respect and ensure human rights." With the establishment and improvement of the socialist market economy in China, and particularly since China became an aging society in the new century,展开更多
Rapid population ageing and increasing longevity are raising concerns about the sustainability of the basic pension systems in China.Raising the retirement age,as an important way to maintain long-term financial susta...Rapid population ageing and increasing longevity are raising concerns about the sustainability of the basic pension systems in China.Raising the retirement age,as an important way to maintain long-term financial sustainability,has become the main policy choice for China.Some studies show that postponing retirement can solve the financial pressures of pension systems effectively.However,if the pension benefits increase with the pensionable age,this may offset some effects and even have a negative impact on the financial balance.This paper builds cohort models and period actuarial balance models for Chinese urban workers’basic pension system to measure the cohort and period effects of postponing retirement,with the aim of analysing the change in the individual pension net wealth and the long-term actuarial balance of the system with population ageing and increasing life expectancy.The result shows that raising the retirement age,which is linked to life expectancy,will lead to an increase in the pension benefits,individual net pension wealth and then pension fund expenditure.It may benefit the individual and short-term actuarial balance but have a small effect on the long-term actuarial balance of the system.展开更多
As has become the norm lately,annual sessions of China’s National People’s Congress (NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)coincided with the International W...As has become the norm lately,annual sessions of China’s National People’s Congress (NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)coincided with the International Women’s Day.The retirement age for women,which has long been展开更多
In recent years, China's aging population continues to accelerate the process, so that our aging population and the pension system is generated between the sustainable development of the serious contradictions, resul...In recent years, China's aging population continues to accelerate the process, so that our aging population and the pension system is generated between the sustainable development of the serious contradictions, resulting in a waste of human resources, increasing the operating pressure pensions, working hours inequity the negative impact on the existing retirement system challenges. Recently, the delay of the retirement age controversy sparked widespread concern in the community, the paper is as a starting point, a comprehensive analysis of the social contradictions of the current status of China's current retirement system, drawing on the successful adjustment of retirement abroad experience from multiple perspectives demonstrates the urgency of delayed retirement age and feasibility. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter proposes the research background and significance of the age of retirement, as well as domestic and foreign scholars on the issue of research in the retirement age. The second chapter describes the status of China's retirement system, the contradiction between the implementation of the background, family problems and the current retirement age and the aging population about three aspects. The third chapter analyzes the feasibility to extend the retirement age. Chapter IV presents a delayed retirement policies and recommendations, with emphasis on "flexible retirement system."展开更多
The retirement age policy adjustment is again sharing the cost of the aging process, incentives to delay retirement life expectancy means that workers work longer. Developed by the elastic mechanism into retirement sy...The retirement age policy adjustment is again sharing the cost of the aging process, incentives to delay retirement life expectancy means that workers work longer. Developed by the elastic mechanism into retirement system framework, improve the flexibility of the retirement system, in curbing early retirement incentives to delay retirement, improve the elderly labor force participation rate, and achieved some success. The reform of the retirement system gradually into public view. To adapt to China's national conditions for the establishment of flexible retirement mechanism, western countries need to discuss flexible retirement system, in-depth analysis of the establishment of the special constraints flexible retirement mechanism, good theoretical advance preparation for retirement Mechanism.展开更多
In this paper, a life-cycle model with retirement is set up to study how an individual chooses the optimal retiring age on account of wage growth rate, longevity and healthy state. It is proved that there exists optim...In this paper, a life-cycle model with retirement is set up to study how an individual chooses the optimal retiring age on account of wage growth rate, longevity and healthy state. It is proved that there exists optimal retiring age under given conditions. The numerical simulations are given to show how wage growth rate, longevity and healthy state affect retiring age.展开更多
Pillar 1B(individual accounts)of the Chinese basic pension fund(BPF)has suffered from substantial underfunding due to a series of challenges such as rising longevity,conservative investment policies,and the fragmentat...Pillar 1B(individual accounts)of the Chinese basic pension fund(BPF)has suffered from substantial underfunding due to a series of challenges such as rising longevity,conservative investment policies,and the fragmentation of the pension system.Using an asset–liability model(ALM),we investigate the effects of the pre-2015 and post-2015 limits,as well as no limits,on asset allocations.We also investigate the likely effect on investment performance of transferring the pillar 1B funds to the Council of National Social Security Fund(NSSF)and raising the retirement age to 65.We find that an ALM is superior to an assets-only analysis,and removing the limits on investment in domestic assets(but not foreign assets)would be beneficial,as would transferring the assets to the NSSF and raising the retirement age.Finally,the official notional rate on individual accounts should be set at a realistic level.展开更多
文摘<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>The results were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression. The analysis results showed that the positions entered into the regression model (OR = 2.339);the expected retirement age (OR = 3.280);and delayed retirement can better solve the pension problem (OR = 0.553). Retirement can relieve child financial pressure (OR = 0.217), emotional exhaustion (OR = 0.913) and social opportunities (OR = 1.132). The OR of job title, expected retirement age, and social opportunities is greater than 1, and the others are less than 1. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The most expected retirement age for nurses is 50 to 55 years old, and they are more inclined to retire early. Factors affecting the willingness to postpone retirement include position and expected retirement age. Postponement of retirement can better solve pension problems. Postponement of retirement can alleviate child financial pressure, social opportunities and emotional exhaustion. </p>
文摘Retirement is a basic right of Chinese citizens. Reasonable determination and appropriate adjustment of the mandatory retirement age should be based on safeguarding the rights of the public, particularly ordi- nary workers, and should be decided by the promise of the state to "respect and ensure human rights." With the establishment and improvement of the socialist market economy in China, and particularly since China became an aging society in the new century,
基金National Social Science Foundation[13&ZD164]National Natural Science Foundation[71173230].
文摘Rapid population ageing and increasing longevity are raising concerns about the sustainability of the basic pension systems in China.Raising the retirement age,as an important way to maintain long-term financial sustainability,has become the main policy choice for China.Some studies show that postponing retirement can solve the financial pressures of pension systems effectively.However,if the pension benefits increase with the pensionable age,this may offset some effects and even have a negative impact on the financial balance.This paper builds cohort models and period actuarial balance models for Chinese urban workers’basic pension system to measure the cohort and period effects of postponing retirement,with the aim of analysing the change in the individual pension net wealth and the long-term actuarial balance of the system with population ageing and increasing life expectancy.The result shows that raising the retirement age,which is linked to life expectancy,will lead to an increase in the pension benefits,individual net pension wealth and then pension fund expenditure.It may benefit the individual and short-term actuarial balance but have a small effect on the long-term actuarial balance of the system.
文摘As has become the norm lately,annual sessions of China’s National People’s Congress (NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)coincided with the International Women’s Day.The retirement age for women,which has long been
文摘In recent years, China's aging population continues to accelerate the process, so that our aging population and the pension system is generated between the sustainable development of the serious contradictions, resulting in a waste of human resources, increasing the operating pressure pensions, working hours inequity the negative impact on the existing retirement system challenges. Recently, the delay of the retirement age controversy sparked widespread concern in the community, the paper is as a starting point, a comprehensive analysis of the social contradictions of the current status of China's current retirement system, drawing on the successful adjustment of retirement abroad experience from multiple perspectives demonstrates the urgency of delayed retirement age and feasibility. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter proposes the research background and significance of the age of retirement, as well as domestic and foreign scholars on the issue of research in the retirement age. The second chapter describes the status of China's retirement system, the contradiction between the implementation of the background, family problems and the current retirement age and the aging population about three aspects. The third chapter analyzes the feasibility to extend the retirement age. Chapter IV presents a delayed retirement policies and recommendations, with emphasis on "flexible retirement system."
文摘The retirement age policy adjustment is again sharing the cost of the aging process, incentives to delay retirement life expectancy means that workers work longer. Developed by the elastic mechanism into retirement system framework, improve the flexibility of the retirement system, in curbing early retirement incentives to delay retirement, improve the elderly labor force participation rate, and achieved some success. The reform of the retirement system gradually into public view. To adapt to China's national conditions for the establishment of flexible retirement mechanism, western countries need to discuss flexible retirement system, in-depth analysis of the establishment of the special constraints flexible retirement mechanism, good theoretical advance preparation for retirement Mechanism.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71271158)
文摘In this paper, a life-cycle model with retirement is set up to study how an individual chooses the optimal retiring age on account of wage growth rate, longevity and healthy state. It is proved that there exists optimal retiring age under given conditions. The numerical simulations are given to show how wage growth rate, longevity and healthy state affect retiring age.
文摘Pillar 1B(individual accounts)of the Chinese basic pension fund(BPF)has suffered from substantial underfunding due to a series of challenges such as rising longevity,conservative investment policies,and the fragmentation of the pension system.Using an asset–liability model(ALM),we investigate the effects of the pre-2015 and post-2015 limits,as well as no limits,on asset allocations.We also investigate the likely effect on investment performance of transferring the pillar 1B funds to the Council of National Social Security Fund(NSSF)and raising the retirement age to 65.We find that an ALM is superior to an assets-only analysis,and removing the limits on investment in domestic assets(but not foreign assets)would be beneficial,as would transferring the assets to the NSSF and raising the retirement age.Finally,the official notional rate on individual accounts should be set at a realistic level.