The existing researches in the field of regional anesthesia of the sciatic nerve show that if popliteal sciatic nerve blockade is performed, the time of the development of the sciatic nerve anesthesia is longer in com...The existing researches in the field of regional anesthesia of the sciatic nerve show that if popliteal sciatic nerve blockade is performed, the time of the development of the sciatic nerve anesthesia is longer in comparison with subgluteal sciatic nerve blockade. Background: The aim of the research is to compare the time of the development of the sciatic nerve blockade performed with 1% lidocaine with epinephrine (1:200,000) in subgluteal and popliteal areas under ultrasound guidance. Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups. In Group A (20 patients), the subgluteal approach to block the sciatic nerve was taken;in Group B (20 patients), the popliteal approach was applied. All blockades of the sciatic nerve were performed with 1% lidocaine (30 ml of lidocaine with epinephrine (1:200,000)) and electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves under ultrasound guidance. We measured the time of the development of sensory and motor blocks. Results: In Group A, the sciatic nerve sensory block developed in 15 (14 - 16) minutes, a complete motor block developed in 15.5 (15 - 17) minutes. In Group B the sciatic nerve sensory block developed in 40 (38.5 - 42.5) minutes while a complete motor block did not develop in any patient. Conclusion: When the sciatic nerve is blocked in subgluteal area with 30 ml of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine (1:200,000) under ultrasound guidance, sensory blocks develop faster than during the popliteal blockade: 15 (14 - 16) minutes vs. 40 (38.5 - 42.5) minutes respectively. The opportunity to define the place of the introduction of local anesthetic in our research is limited.展开更多
Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system（PNS）.By establishing lipid-rich myelin sheaths around large-caliber axons,they ensure that electrical signal transmission is accelerated...Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system（PNS）.By establishing lipid-rich myelin sheaths around large-caliber axons,they ensure that electrical signal transmission is accelerated-a process referred to as saltatory signal propagation.Apart from this prominent physiological function,these cells also exert important pathophysiological roles in PNS injuries or dis- eases. In contrast to the central nervous system （CNS）, the adult PNS retains a remarkably high degree of intrinsic re- generation. As a consequence, transected axons and dam- aged myelin sheaths can be repaired and nerve functional- ity can be restored. This spontaneous regenerative capacity depends on （inter） actions of macrophages, neurons, and Schwann cells.展开更多
Objective:To study the vertebral body structure as well as the whole body and nerve injury after treatment of thoracolumbar fractures through paraspinal muscle approach and traditional approach.Methods:A total of 74 p...Objective:To study the vertebral body structure as well as the whole body and nerve injury after treatment of thoracolumbar fractures through paraspinal muscle approach and traditional approach.Methods:A total of 74 patients with thoracolumbar fractures who received surgical treatment in our hospital between September 2013 and October 2015 were selected and randomly divided into the paraspinal approach group and the median approach group who received the internal fixation surgery through paraspinal muscle approach and the internal fixation surgery through traditional median approach respectively. Before surgery as well as 3 months, 6 months after surgery, Cobb Angle was detected;before surgery as well as 1 d and 3 d after surgery, serum levels of creatase, stress hormones and nerve injury molecules were determined.Results:3 months, 6 months after surgery, the Cobb Angle of paraspinal approach group and median approach group were significantly lower than those before surgery and the Cobb Angle were not significantly different between the two groups of patients;serum LDH, CK, Myo, NE, E, Cor and Ins levels of both groups 1 d and 3 d after surgery were significantly higher than those before surgery and the serum LDH, CK, Myo, NE, E, Cor and Ins levels of paraspinal approach group were significantly lower than those of median approach group, serum NSE, S100B and GFAP levels of both groups 1 d and 3 d after surgery were significantly lower than those before surgery and serum NSE, S100B and GFAP levels of paraspinal approach group were significantly lower than those of median approach group. Conclusion: The vertebral body stability are equivalent after treatment of thoracolumbar fractures through paraspinal muscle approach and traditional approach, and the trauma extent of paraspinal muscle approach is less.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes...Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.展开更多
Acute neuromuscular paralysis(ANMP) is a clinical syndrome characterized by rapid onset muscle weakness progressing to maximum severity within several days to weeks(less than 4 wk).Bulbar and respiratory muscle weakne...Acute neuromuscular paralysis(ANMP) is a clinical syndrome characterized by rapid onset muscle weakness progressing to maximum severity within several days to weeks(less than 4 wk).Bulbar and respiratory muscle weakness may or may not be present.It is a common neurological emergency which requires immediateand careful investigations to determine the etiology because accurate diagnosis has significant impact on therapy and prognosis.Respiratory failure caused by neuromuscular weakness is considered as more critical than lung disease because its development may be insidious or subtle until sudden decompensation leads to life threatening hypoxia.Also,the arterial blood gas finding of severe hypoxemia,hypercapnia,and acidosis may not be apparent until respiratory failure is profound.Hence,the requirement for respiratory assistance should also be intensively and promptly investigated in all patients with neuromuscular disease.The disorder is classified based on the site of defect in motor unit pathway,i.e.,anterior horn cells,nerve root,peripheral nerve,neuromuscular junction or muscle.Identification of the cause is primarily based on a good medical history and detailed clinical examination supplemented with neurophysiologic investigations and sometimes few specific laboratory tests.Medical history and neurological examination should be focused on the onset,progression,pattern and severity of muscle weakness as well as cranial nerves testing and tests for autonomic dysfunction.Associated non neurological features like fever,rash or other skin lesions etc.should also be noted.Globally,Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most frequent cause of ANMP and accounts for the majority of cases of respiratory muscles weakness associated with neuromuscular disorders.Newly acquired neuromuscular weakness in intensive care unit patients consist of critical illness polyneuropathy,critical illness myopathy and drug induced neuromuscular weakness which may arise as a consequence of sepsis,multi-organ failure,and exposure to certain medications like intravenous corticosteroids and neuromuscular blocking agents.展开更多
Plate osteosynthesis of humeral shaft fractures is an established surgical procedure. Iatrogenic radial nerve palsy appears to be common complication in treating these fractures. A case series of 20 fracture shafts of...Plate osteosynthesis of humeral shaft fractures is an established surgical procedure. Iatrogenic radial nerve palsy appears to be common complication in treating these fractures. A case series of 20 fracture shafts of humerus were treated with anteromedial plating through anterolateral approach. There was no radial nerve palsy in any of the cases and all achieved fracture union.展开更多
目的验证改良经环甲膜肌电信号记录法用于全乳晕腔镜甲状腺手术术中神经监测安全性和可行性。方法行全乳晕腔镜单侧甲状腺手术病人50例。在使用气管插管表面电极的同时,一个双针电极经10 mm Trocar观察孔置入手术腔隙,在腔镜镜头引导下...目的验证改良经环甲膜肌电信号记录法用于全乳晕腔镜甲状腺手术术中神经监测安全性和可行性。方法行全乳晕腔镜单侧甲状腺手术病人50例。在使用气管插管表面电极的同时,一个双针电极经10 mm Trocar观察孔置入手术腔隙,在腔镜镜头引导下将针电极插入环甲肌直部和甲状软骨之间。在术中使用标准四步法(V1-R1-R2-V2)定位、显露并评估喉返神经功能。结果50例病人均成功实施了全乳晕腔镜单侧甲状腺手术。术中共监测了50条喉返神经,经环甲膜针电极和气管插管表面电极均成功记录到有效的肌电信号。经环甲膜针电极的肌电信号振幅大于气管插管表面电极[V1/R1=(2179.3±1252.3/2304.8±1644.0)μV vs(937.2±612.8/1088.9±613.5)μV]。术中未发生肌电信号丢失事件,肿瘤切除前后肌电信号无明显变化,手术前后电子喉镜均提示声带运动正常。结论改良经环甲膜肌电信号记录法用于全乳晕腔镜甲状腺手术中神经监测安全可行;安装方便,肌电信号强,不受气管插管位置影响,对腔镜手术操作影响小。展开更多
Background In recent years, transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve has become a routine procedure for restoration of shoulder abduction. However, the operation via the traditional supraclavicula...Background In recent years, transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve has become a routine procedure for restoration of shoulder abduction. However, the operation via the traditional supraclavicular anterior approach often leads to partial denervation of the trapezius muscle. The purpose of the study was to introduce transfer of the spinal accessory nerve through dorsal approach, using distal branch of the spinal accessory nerve, to repair the suprascapular nerve for restoration of shoulder abduction, and to observe its therapeutic effect. Methods From January to October 2003, a total of 11 patients with a brachial plexus injury and an intact or nearly intact spinal accessory nerve were treated by .transferring the spinal accessory nerve to the suprascapular nerve through dorsal approach. The patients were followed up for 18 to 26 months [mean （23.5 ±5.2） months] to evaluate their shoulder abduction and function of the trapezius muscle. The outcomes were compared with those of 26 patients treated with traditional anterior approach. And the data were analyzed by Student＇s t test using SPSS 10.5.Results In the 11 patients, the spinal accessory nerves were transferred to the suprascapular nerve through the dorsal approach successfully. Intact function of the upper trapezius was achieved in all of them. In the patients, the location of the two nerves was relatively stable at the level of superior margin of the scapula, the mean distance between them was （4.2± 1.4） cm, both the nerves could be easily dissected and end-to-end anastomosed without any tension. During the follow-up, the first electrophysiological sign of recovery of the infraspinatus appeared at （6.8±2.7） months and the first sign of restoration of the shoulder abduction at （7.6±2.9） months after the operation, which were earlier than that after the traditional operation [（8.7±2.4） months and （9.9±2.8） months, respectively; P〈0.05]. The postoperative shoulder abduction was 62.8°±12.6° after transfer of the spinal accessory nerve, better than that after the traditional （51.6°15.7°）. All the 11 patients could extend and externally rotate the shoulder almost normally. Condusions The accessory nerve transfer through dorsal approach is a safe and reliable procedure for the treatment of brachial plexus injury. Its postoperative effect is confirmed, which is better than that of the traditional operation.展开更多
文摘The existing researches in the field of regional anesthesia of the sciatic nerve show that if popliteal sciatic nerve blockade is performed, the time of the development of the sciatic nerve anesthesia is longer in comparison with subgluteal sciatic nerve blockade. Background: The aim of the research is to compare the time of the development of the sciatic nerve blockade performed with 1% lidocaine with epinephrine (1:200,000) in subgluteal and popliteal areas under ultrasound guidance. Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups. In Group A (20 patients), the subgluteal approach to block the sciatic nerve was taken;in Group B (20 patients), the popliteal approach was applied. All blockades of the sciatic nerve were performed with 1% lidocaine (30 ml of lidocaine with epinephrine (1:200,000)) and electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves under ultrasound guidance. We measured the time of the development of sensory and motor blocks. Results: In Group A, the sciatic nerve sensory block developed in 15 (14 - 16) minutes, a complete motor block developed in 15.5 (15 - 17) minutes. In Group B the sciatic nerve sensory block developed in 40 (38.5 - 42.5) minutes while a complete motor block did not develop in any patient. Conclusion: When the sciatic nerve is blocked in subgluteal area with 30 ml of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine (1:200,000) under ultrasound guidance, sensory blocks develop faster than during the popliteal blockade: 15 (14 - 16) minutes vs. 40 (38.5 - 42.5) minutes respectively. The opportunity to define the place of the introduction of local anesthetic in our research is limited.
基金supported by grants from the DFG(German Research Council)Novartis Pharma Gmb H(Nürnberg+2 种基金Germany)Baxter Innovations Gmb H(ViennaGermany)
文摘Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system（PNS）.By establishing lipid-rich myelin sheaths around large-caliber axons,they ensure that electrical signal transmission is accelerated-a process referred to as saltatory signal propagation.Apart from this prominent physiological function,these cells also exert important pathophysiological roles in PNS injuries or dis- eases. In contrast to the central nervous system （CNS）, the adult PNS retains a remarkably high degree of intrinsic re- generation. As a consequence, transected axons and dam- aged myelin sheaths can be repaired and nerve functional- ity can be restored. This spontaneous regenerative capacity depends on （inter） actions of macrophages, neurons, and Schwann cells.
文摘Objective:To study the vertebral body structure as well as the whole body and nerve injury after treatment of thoracolumbar fractures through paraspinal muscle approach and traditional approach.Methods:A total of 74 patients with thoracolumbar fractures who received surgical treatment in our hospital between September 2013 and October 2015 were selected and randomly divided into the paraspinal approach group and the median approach group who received the internal fixation surgery through paraspinal muscle approach and the internal fixation surgery through traditional median approach respectively. Before surgery as well as 3 months, 6 months after surgery, Cobb Angle was detected;before surgery as well as 1 d and 3 d after surgery, serum levels of creatase, stress hormones and nerve injury molecules were determined.Results:3 months, 6 months after surgery, the Cobb Angle of paraspinal approach group and median approach group were significantly lower than those before surgery and the Cobb Angle were not significantly different between the two groups of patients;serum LDH, CK, Myo, NE, E, Cor and Ins levels of both groups 1 d and 3 d after surgery were significantly higher than those before surgery and the serum LDH, CK, Myo, NE, E, Cor and Ins levels of paraspinal approach group were significantly lower than those of median approach group, serum NSE, S100B and GFAP levels of both groups 1 d and 3 d after surgery were significantly lower than those before surgery and serum NSE, S100B and GFAP levels of paraspinal approach group were significantly lower than those of median approach group. Conclusion: The vertebral body stability are equivalent after treatment of thoracolumbar fractures through paraspinal muscle approach and traditional approach, and the trauma extent of paraspinal muscle approach is less.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(General Program),Nos.23JCYBJC01390(to RL),22JCYBJC00220(to XC),and 22JCYBJC00210(to QL).
文摘Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.
文摘Acute neuromuscular paralysis(ANMP) is a clinical syndrome characterized by rapid onset muscle weakness progressing to maximum severity within several days to weeks(less than 4 wk).Bulbar and respiratory muscle weakness may or may not be present.It is a common neurological emergency which requires immediateand careful investigations to determine the etiology because accurate diagnosis has significant impact on therapy and prognosis.Respiratory failure caused by neuromuscular weakness is considered as more critical than lung disease because its development may be insidious or subtle until sudden decompensation leads to life threatening hypoxia.Also,the arterial blood gas finding of severe hypoxemia,hypercapnia,and acidosis may not be apparent until respiratory failure is profound.Hence,the requirement for respiratory assistance should also be intensively and promptly investigated in all patients with neuromuscular disease.The disorder is classified based on the site of defect in motor unit pathway,i.e.,anterior horn cells,nerve root,peripheral nerve,neuromuscular junction or muscle.Identification of the cause is primarily based on a good medical history and detailed clinical examination supplemented with neurophysiologic investigations and sometimes few specific laboratory tests.Medical history and neurological examination should be focused on the onset,progression,pattern and severity of muscle weakness as well as cranial nerves testing and tests for autonomic dysfunction.Associated non neurological features like fever,rash or other skin lesions etc.should also be noted.Globally,Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most frequent cause of ANMP and accounts for the majority of cases of respiratory muscles weakness associated with neuromuscular disorders.Newly acquired neuromuscular weakness in intensive care unit patients consist of critical illness polyneuropathy,critical illness myopathy and drug induced neuromuscular weakness which may arise as a consequence of sepsis,multi-organ failure,and exposure to certain medications like intravenous corticosteroids and neuromuscular blocking agents.
文摘Plate osteosynthesis of humeral shaft fractures is an established surgical procedure. Iatrogenic radial nerve palsy appears to be common complication in treating these fractures. A case series of 20 fracture shafts of humerus were treated with anteromedial plating through anterolateral approach. There was no radial nerve palsy in any of the cases and all achieved fracture union.
文摘目的验证改良经环甲膜肌电信号记录法用于全乳晕腔镜甲状腺手术术中神经监测安全性和可行性。方法行全乳晕腔镜单侧甲状腺手术病人50例。在使用气管插管表面电极的同时,一个双针电极经10 mm Trocar观察孔置入手术腔隙,在腔镜镜头引导下将针电极插入环甲肌直部和甲状软骨之间。在术中使用标准四步法(V1-R1-R2-V2)定位、显露并评估喉返神经功能。结果50例病人均成功实施了全乳晕腔镜单侧甲状腺手术。术中共监测了50条喉返神经,经环甲膜针电极和气管插管表面电极均成功记录到有效的肌电信号。经环甲膜针电极的肌电信号振幅大于气管插管表面电极[V1/R1=(2179.3±1252.3/2304.8±1644.0)μV vs(937.2±612.8/1088.9±613.5)μV]。术中未发生肌电信号丢失事件,肿瘤切除前后肌电信号无明显变化,手术前后电子喉镜均提示声带运动正常。结论改良经环甲膜肌电信号记录法用于全乳晕腔镜甲状腺手术中神经监测安全可行;安装方便,肌电信号强,不受气管插管位置影响,对腔镜手术操作影响小。
文摘Background In recent years, transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve has become a routine procedure for restoration of shoulder abduction. However, the operation via the traditional supraclavicular anterior approach often leads to partial denervation of the trapezius muscle. The purpose of the study was to introduce transfer of the spinal accessory nerve through dorsal approach, using distal branch of the spinal accessory nerve, to repair the suprascapular nerve for restoration of shoulder abduction, and to observe its therapeutic effect. Methods From January to October 2003, a total of 11 patients with a brachial plexus injury and an intact or nearly intact spinal accessory nerve were treated by .transferring the spinal accessory nerve to the suprascapular nerve through dorsal approach. The patients were followed up for 18 to 26 months [mean （23.5 ±5.2） months] to evaluate their shoulder abduction and function of the trapezius muscle. The outcomes were compared with those of 26 patients treated with traditional anterior approach. And the data were analyzed by Student＇s t test using SPSS 10.5.Results In the 11 patients, the spinal accessory nerves were transferred to the suprascapular nerve through the dorsal approach successfully. Intact function of the upper trapezius was achieved in all of them. In the patients, the location of the two nerves was relatively stable at the level of superior margin of the scapula, the mean distance between them was （4.2± 1.4） cm, both the nerves could be easily dissected and end-to-end anastomosed without any tension. During the follow-up, the first electrophysiological sign of recovery of the infraspinatus appeared at （6.8±2.7） months and the first sign of restoration of the shoulder abduction at （7.6±2.9） months after the operation, which were earlier than that after the traditional operation [（8.7±2.4） months and （9.9±2.8） months, respectively; P〈0.05]. The postoperative shoulder abduction was 62.8°±12.6° after transfer of the spinal accessory nerve, better than that after the traditional （51.6°15.7°）. All the 11 patients could extend and externally rotate the shoulder almost normally. Condusions The accessory nerve transfer through dorsal approach is a safe and reliable procedure for the treatment of brachial plexus injury. Its postoperative effect is confirmed, which is better than that of the traditional operation.
