Effect of Different Drying Processes on Active Ingredients of Rheum officinale Baill.

[Objectives]To determine the drying process of different functional rhubarbs.[Methods]The contents of tannins,bianthrone,free anthraquinones and combined anthraquinones in medicinal rhubarb were determined by HPLC.The results were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance.[Results]Under different drying conditions,the contents of tannins,bianthrone,free anthraquinones and combined anthraquinones in medicinal rhubarb were significantly different.Taking the tannins content as the index,the optimum drying condition of the rhizome is 1 cm thick,dried at 60℃,the root is cut 1 cm thick,and dried at 30℃;the bianthrone content is used as an indicator,the rhizome is optimally dried.The condition is to cut 1 cm thick,dry at 60℃,the root is cut to 5 cm thick,and dried at 40℃;the free anthraquinones content is used as an index,and the optimum drying condition of the rhizome is 3 cm thick and dried at 50℃.The root is cut to a thickness of 3 cm and dried at 30℃.The combine anthraquinones content is used as an indicator.The optimum drying conditions for the rhizome are 5 cm thick,dried at 40℃,and the root is cut to 5 cm thick and dried at 70℃.[Conclusions]Different functional components of rhubarb have different directional processing methods.The drying process can reduce the drying temperature or increase the thickness of the slice,and the directional processing of the diarrhea-type rhubarb can be processed.The drying process can be carried out by increasing the drying temperature or reducing the thickness of the slice directed processing of heat-clearing and purging-fire rhubarb.

The haplotype-resolved genome assembly of autotetraploid rhubarb Rheum officinale provides insights into its genome evolution and massive accumulation of anthraquinones

Rheum officinale,a member of the Polygonaceae family,is an important medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine.Here,we report a 7.68-Gb chromosome-scale assembly of R.officinale with a contig N50 of 3.47 Mb,which was clustered into 44 chromosomes across four homologous groups.Comparative genomics analysis revealed that transposable elements have made a significant contribution to its genome evolution,gene copy number variation,and gene regulation and expression,particularly of genes involved in metabolite biosynthesis,stress resistance,and root development.We placed the recent autotetraploidization of R.officinale at~0.58 mya and analyzed the genomic features of its homol-ogous chromosomes.Although no dominant monoploid genomes were observed at the overall expression level,numerous allele-differentially-expressed genes were identified,mainly with different transposable element insertions in their regulatory regions,suggesting that they functionally diverged after polyploidization.Combining genomics,transcriptomics,and metabolomics,we explored the contributions of gene family amplification and tetraploidization to the abundant anthraquinone production of R.officinale,as well as gene expression patterns and differences in anthraquinone content among tissues.Our report of-fers unprecedented genomic resources for fundamental research on the autopolyploid herb R.officinale and guidance for polyploid breeding of herbs.

Clinical observation of Da Huang (Rheum Officinale) application at Shenque(CV 8) for constipation after operation for lumbar vertebral fracture

Objective： To observe the effect of Da Huang（Rheum Officinale） application at Shenque（CV 8） on constipation after operation for lumbar vertebral fracture.Methods： Seventy-four patients with constipation after operation for lumbar vertebral fracture were divided into an observation group and a control group by the random number table, 37 cases in each group. The two groups both received ordinary treatment（including healthcare guidance, emotional care, diet arrangement, and defecation nursing）, while the observation group was additionally given Da Huang（Rheum Officinale） application at Shenque（CV 8） for 6 h each day. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after successive 3-day treatment. Results： After 3-day treatment, it took significantly less time for the observation group to conduct the first flatulence and defecation than for the control group（P〈0.05）; the therapeutic efficacy of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group（P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Da Huang（Rheum Officinale） application at Shenque（CV 8） is effective in treating constipation after lumbar vertebral fracture operation, and it＇s easy-to-operate and well accepted by patients, hence it＇s proper to promote this method in clinic.

生大黄与清蒸大黄的大承气汤对血清内毒素、NO和TNF-α含量变化的影响

为研究生大黄(Rheum officinale Baill.)与清蒸大黄的大承气汤对血清内毒素、NO和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量变化的影响,将105只实验动物随机分为生大黄与清蒸大黄的大承气汤组、阳性对照组、空白对照组及模型组,按20 mL/kg的剂量给药后,测定血清内毒素、一氧化氮和肿瘤坏死因子的含量,比较生大黄与清蒸大黄的大承气汤对小鼠血清内毒素、一氧化氮和肿瘤坏死因子含量的影响。结果表明,生大黄与清蒸大黄的大承气汤组都能增加ABP小鼠血清NO含量;生大黄与清蒸大黄的大承气汤组都能降低ABP小鼠血清内毒素和TNF-ɑ含量。生大黄与清蒸大黄的大承气汤对血清内毒素、NO和TNF-ɑ的含量均有不同程度的影响,这些变化与生大黄与清蒸大黄的大承气汤作用相对应,且大黄蒽醌类成分含量的变化在一定程度上对大承气汤的功效存在着一定的影响和共性关系。

EXTRACTION OF ANTHRAQUINONE DERIVATIVES FROM RHUBARB RHIZOMES AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL TESTS

Photometry was employed to study the optimum extraction conditions of anthraquinone derivatives from rhizomes of Rheum officinale Baill in this study.The influences of extraction solvents(chloroform,benzene,ethanol,methanol,and glycerol),acid,and extraction time on the extraction yield were discussed.The results indicate that,to the Rhubarb rhizomes powder with the average particle size 0.18 mm,the conditions of the extraction solvent composed by chloroform,glycerol,and sulfuric acid(20%)in the ratio of 4:1:1(v:v),the weight of dried Rhubarb to the solvent volume in the ratio of 1:12 ew:vT,extraction time of 110 min,the anthraquinone derivatives extraction could achieve the best yield.And the antibacterial tests showed the raw extraction products had the MIC(minimal inhibitory concentration)of 20μg=mL and 30μg=mL to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,respectively.