Soil pH is a main factor that affects the nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. The largely reduced nitrogen fixation effect caused by acid soil is the ma- jor limitation of alfalfa growth in the south of China. Thu...Soil pH is a main factor that affects the nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. The largely reduced nitrogen fixation effect caused by acid soil is the ma- jor limitation of alfalfa growth in the south of China. Thus selection of anti-acid nodule for inoculating on alfalfa is of great significance in practical production. Using nine candidate rhizobia （ Rhizobium meliloti L. ） as study objects, their colony diameters and the nodule number of each strain inoculated alfalfa variety were investigated at different pH conditions. The YNCY006 strain presented the strongest resistance to acid, while YNCY007 strain presented the weakest. For nedulation, GT13R alfalfa inoculated with YNCY006 or YNCY008 strains was the best symbiosis system in the acidic soil.展开更多
The 660 bp region between nodD3 P1 promoter and the following coding region of Rnizopium meliloti has been studied. This region is designated 'downstream sequences' . it consists of two potential open reading ...The 660 bp region between nodD3 P1 promoter and the following coding region of Rnizopium meliloti has been studied. This region is designated 'downstream sequences' . it consists of two potential open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2. Studies on the role of the downstream sequences on the activity of nooD3 P1 with nod D3(P1)-/acZ fusion show that deletion of the seguences containing ORF2 causes the increase of the activity of the fusion; on the contrary, addition of extra copies of ORF2 markedly decreases the activity of the fusion. These results indicate that the product of ORF2 plays a negative role in the expression of nod D3.展开更多
Using luc gene as a reporter to study the activation of Rhizobium meliloti nif/fix genes in thedevelopment of symbiosis,the authors observed that nodule development and nitrogen fixation were inhibitedby both multicop...Using luc gene as a reporter to study the activation of Rhizobium meliloti nif/fix genes in thedevelopment of symbiosis,the authors observed that nodule development and nitrogen fixation were inhibitedby both multicopy promoters of nifHDK and fixABCX.The phenotype of R.meliloti containing multicopynif/fix promoters appeared exactly like that of nifA mutant.Using lacZ as a reporter,the authors got the same re-sults.By contrast,the rhizobia containing low-copy promoters of nif/fix genes were normal fornodule development and nitrogen fixation.These results substantiate the evidence that the product of nifAgene not only acts as a transcriptional activator of nif/fix genes,but also plays an important role in thedevelopment of root nodules.展开更多
In free-living state, the nifHDK promoter P1 of Rhizobium meliloti is induced in response to mi-croaerobiosis and expressed to a high level, while the fixABCX promoter P2 is not. The sequences upstream from both P1 an...In free-living state, the nifHDK promoter P1 of Rhizobium meliloti is induced in response to mi-croaerobiosis and expressed to a high level, while the fixABCX promoter P2 is not. The sequences upstream from both P1 and P2 share extended homology (about 85% ), which are about 160 bp in length, but the sequences downstream of the respective transcriptional start site are different. When the downstream sequence (DS) of P2 was replaced by the corresponding fragment from+ 17 to + 61 of P1, the expression of P2 is greatly increased under free-living condi-tion by lowering the oxygen tension, and the activity of P2 promoter can also be significantly enhanced in E. coli by the NifA protein. The difference between the DS regions of P1 and P2 promoter resulted in different expressions of P1 and P2 promoter under free-living microaerobic condition and in E. coli. The expression of P2 does not depend on the downstream sequences from the promoter element during symbiosis. Primer extension experiments identified展开更多
When the R. meliloti (Rm) nifA’-lacZ fusion-carrying plasmids were introduced intothe strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, R. trifolii and R. astragalus, β-galactosidaseactivity was demonstrated. However, activity ...When the R. meliloti (Rm) nifA’-lacZ fusion-carrying plasmids were introduced intothe strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, R. trifolii and R. astragalus, β-galactosidaseactivity was demonstrated. However, activity was not induced by microaerobiosis. Further-more, R. meliloti nifA’-lacZ fusion was also not expressed in the nodule bacteroids ofR. trifolii and R. astragalus. We speculate that some factor(s) important for the inductionof Rm nifA presumed to be the fixLJ regulatory system would not be operative in thesebacteria. Experiments using R. meliloti nifH’-lacZ/ K. Pneumoniae nifH’-lacZ fusion and theconstitutive Rm nifA system to test the nifA-dependent expression of nifH’-lacZ underaerobic and microaerobic conditions in E. coli were performed. The inhibition of the RmnifA activation of nifH’-lacZ expression in the bacteria grown in the aerobic conditionwas shown. Assays on the Rm nifA-m RNA produced by the constitutive Rm nifA in E.coli under aerobic and microaerobic conditions with the cloned展开更多
R.meliloti nodD3 gene is transcriptionally controlled by two promoters.Gel retardationexperiments show that SyrM and NodD3 are binding to the first promoter region of nodD3,while no proteinfactor is found to bind to t...R.meliloti nodD3 gene is transcriptionally controlled by two promoters.Gel retardationexperiments show that SyrM and NodD3 are binding to the first promoter region of nodD3,while no proteinfactor is found to bind to the second promoter region of the gene.Comparison has been made between 5′ non-coding region of nodD3 and the corresponding region upstream of nodD1.The presence of nod-box andnodA-like sequences in the 5′ noncoding region of nodD3 supports the hypothesis that nodD3 evolves withthe duplication of the nodD1-nodA fragment during the speciation of R.meliloti.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31060324)Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(2012FB148,2008CD031)Natural Science Key Fund of Yunnan Provincial Education Department(2012Z021)
文摘Soil pH is a main factor that affects the nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. The largely reduced nitrogen fixation effect caused by acid soil is the ma- jor limitation of alfalfa growth in the south of China. Thus selection of anti-acid nodule for inoculating on alfalfa is of great significance in practical production. Using nine candidate rhizobia （ Rhizobium meliloti L. ） as study objects, their colony diameters and the nodule number of each strain inoculated alfalfa variety were investigated at different pH conditions. The YNCY006 strain presented the strongest resistance to acid, while YNCY007 strain presented the weakest. For nedulation, GT13R alfalfa inoculated with YNCY006 or YNCY008 strains was the best symbiosis system in the acidic soil.
文摘The 660 bp region between nodD3 P1 promoter and the following coding region of Rnizopium meliloti has been studied. This region is designated 'downstream sequences' . it consists of two potential open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2. Studies on the role of the downstream sequences on the activity of nooD3 P1 with nod D3(P1)-/acZ fusion show that deletion of the seguences containing ORF2 causes the increase of the activity of the fusion; on the contrary, addition of extra copies of ORF2 markedly decreases the activity of the fusion. These results indicate that the product of ORF2 plays a negative role in the expression of nod D3.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Using luc gene as a reporter to study the activation of Rhizobium meliloti nif/fix genes in thedevelopment of symbiosis,the authors observed that nodule development and nitrogen fixation were inhibitedby both multicopy promoters of nifHDK and fixABCX.The phenotype of R.meliloti containing multicopynif/fix promoters appeared exactly like that of nifA mutant.Using lacZ as a reporter,the authors got the same re-sults.By contrast,the rhizobia containing low-copy promoters of nif/fix genes were normal fornodule development and nitrogen fixation.These results substantiate the evidence that the product of nifAgene not only acts as a transcriptional activator of nif/fix genes,but also plays an important role in thedevelopment of root nodules.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘In free-living state, the nifHDK promoter P1 of Rhizobium meliloti is induced in response to mi-croaerobiosis and expressed to a high level, while the fixABCX promoter P2 is not. The sequences upstream from both P1 and P2 share extended homology (about 85% ), which are about 160 bp in length, but the sequences downstream of the respective transcriptional start site are different. When the downstream sequence (DS) of P2 was replaced by the corresponding fragment from+ 17 to + 61 of P1, the expression of P2 is greatly increased under free-living condi-tion by lowering the oxygen tension, and the activity of P2 promoter can also be significantly enhanced in E. coli by the NifA protein. The difference between the DS regions of P1 and P2 promoter resulted in different expressions of P1 and P2 promoter under free-living microaerobic condition and in E. coli. The expression of P2 does not depend on the downstream sequences from the promoter element during symbiosis. Primer extension experiments identified
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and partially by the Biotechnology Career Fellowship of Rockefeller Foundation (for ZHU Jia-bi's work).
文摘When the R. meliloti (Rm) nifA’-lacZ fusion-carrying plasmids were introduced intothe strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, R. trifolii and R. astragalus, β-galactosidaseactivity was demonstrated. However, activity was not induced by microaerobiosis. Further-more, R. meliloti nifA’-lacZ fusion was also not expressed in the nodule bacteroids ofR. trifolii and R. astragalus. We speculate that some factor(s) important for the inductionof Rm nifA presumed to be the fixLJ regulatory system would not be operative in thesebacteria. Experiments using R. meliloti nifH’-lacZ/ K. Pneumoniae nifH’-lacZ fusion and theconstitutive Rm nifA system to test the nifA-dependent expression of nifH’-lacZ underaerobic and microaerobic conditions in E. coli were performed. The inhibition of the RmnifA activation of nifH’-lacZ expression in the bacteria grown in the aerobic conditionwas shown. Assays on the Rm nifA-m RNA produced by the constitutive Rm nifA in E.coli under aerobic and microaerobic conditions with the cloned
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘R.meliloti nodD3 gene is transcriptionally controlled by two promoters.Gel retardationexperiments show that SyrM and NodD3 are binding to the first promoter region of nodD3,while no proteinfactor is found to bind to the second promoter region of the gene.Comparison has been made between 5′ non-coding region of nodD3 and the corresponding region upstream of nodD1.The presence of nod-box andnodA-like sequences in the 5′ noncoding region of nodD3 supports the hypothesis that nodD3 evolves withthe duplication of the nodD1-nodA fragment during the speciation of R.meliloti.
