BACKGROUND Pulmonary mucormycosis is a rare but life-threatening invasive fungal infection that mostly affects immunocompromised patients.This disease usually develops acutely and progresses rapidly,often leading to a...BACKGROUND Pulmonary mucormycosis is a rare but life-threatening invasive fungal infection that mostly affects immunocompromised patients.This disease usually develops acutely and progresses rapidly,often leading to a poor clinical prognosis.Chronic pulmonary mucormycosis is highly unusual in immunocompetent patients.CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old man,who was a house improvement worker with a long history of occupational dust exposure,presented with an irritating cough that had lasted for two months.The patient was previously in good health,without dysglycemia or any known immunodeficiencies.Chest computed tomography revealed a mass in the left lower lobe,measuring approximately 6 cm in diameter,which was suspected to be primary lung carcinoma complicated with obstructive pneumonia.Thoracoscopic-assisted left lower lobectomy was performed,and metagenomic next-generation sequencing detection,along with special pathological staining of surgical specimens,suggested Rhizopus microsporus infection.Postoperatively,the patient’s respiratory symptoms were relieved,and no signs of recurrence were found during the six-month follow-up.CONCLUSION This article reports a rare case of chronic pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus in a middle-aged male without dysglycemia or immunodeficiency.The patient’s surgical outcome was excellent,reaffirming that surgery remains the cornerstone of pulmonary mucormycosis treatment.展开更多
将Native制备电泳应用于Rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis中2个葡萄糖淀粉酶同工酶的分离,考察了电泳缓冲系统、凝胶浓度和凝胶长度对分离效果的影响。结果表明:先使用Ornstein-Davis系统分离同工酶,再使用0.02mol/L,pH6.2的NaAc.CH...将Native制备电泳应用于Rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis中2个葡萄糖淀粉酶同工酶的分离,考察了电泳缓冲系统、凝胶浓度和凝胶长度对分离效果的影响。结果表明:先使用Ornstein-Davis系统分离同工酶,再使用0.02mol/L,pH6.2的NaAc.CH3COOH缓冲液洗脱,在长度为6cm的7%的Native电泳胶上,2个性质相近仅电泳迁移率略有差别的同工酶能有效分离。分离回收的蛋白质可保持其活力,便于后续研究。展开更多
Rhizopus rot of peach fruits could be significantly suppressed by Pichia membranefaciens. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonium-lyase (PAL) activities induced by inoculation with P. mem...Rhizopus rot of peach fruits could be significantly suppressed by Pichia membranefaciens. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonium-lyase (PAL) activities induced by inoculation with P. membrane faciens or R. stolonifer were studied in postharvest peach fruits. The activities of PPO and PAL in peaches increased significantly after being inoculated with P. membrane faciens + R. stolonifer by 24 h, the activities maintained at a high level throughout the experiment. Under the condition of infected with R. stolonifer alone, activity of PPO and PAL could also increased, but the levels were lower than those treated with P. membrane faciens+ R. stolonifer. However, fruits inoculaed with P. membrane-faciens + R. stolonifer or R. stolonifer alone did not stimulated POD activity. The results suggest that the activation of these defense enzymes is involved in the action of P. membrane faciens against R. stolonifer.展开更多
L-(+)-Lactic acid production from corncob hydrolysate as a cheap carbohydrate source by fed-batch fermentation of Rhizopus oryzaeHZS6 was studied. After 96 h of fermentation in a 5 L fermentor, the final concentration...L-(+)-Lactic acid production from corncob hydrolysate as a cheap carbohydrate source by fed-batch fermentation of Rhizopus oryzaeHZS6 was studied. After 96 h of fermentation in a 5 L fermentor, the final concentration of ammonium L-(+)-lactate, average productivity(based on initial xylose concentration) and maximum dry cell weight were 132.4 g/L, 1.38 g/(L·h), and 8.9 g/L respectively. The optical purity of L-(+)-lactate was 98.8%.展开更多
In order to obtain an industrial strain with a higher L(+)-lactic acid yield, the strain Rhizopus oryzae RF3608 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion beam implantation and the mutant strain RLC41-6 was isolated. Und...In order to obtain an industrial strain with a higher L(+)-lactic acid yield, the strain Rhizopus oryzae RF3608 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion beam implantation and the mutant strain RLC41-6 was isolated. Under optimal conditions the yield of L(+)-lactic acid produced in a shake-flask reached 133 g/L - 137 g/L after 36 h cultivation, indicating that the conversion rate based on glucose was as high as 88% - 91% and the productivity was 3.75 g/L.h. It was almost a 115% increase in lactic acid production compared with the original strain RF3608.展开更多
In order to obtain an industrial strain with a higher L(+)-lactic acid yield, the strain Rhizopus oryzae PW352 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion beam implantation and the mutant strain Rhizopus oryzae RLC41-6 wa...In order to obtain an industrial strain with a higher L(+)-lactic acid yield, the strain Rhizopus oryzae PW352 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion beam implantation and the mutant strain Rhizopus oryzae RLC41-6 was obtained. An experimental finding was made in surprise that Rhizopus oryzae mutant RLC41-6 is not only an L(+)-lactic acid producer from corn starch but also an efficient producer of L(+)-lactic acid from xylose. Under optimal conditions, the production of L(+)-lactic acid from 100 g/L xylose reached 77.39 g/L after 144 h fed-batch fermentation, A high mutation rate and a wide mutation spectrum of low-energy ion implantation were observed in the experiment.展开更多
The wild type strain Rhizopus oryzae PW352 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion implantation (15 keV, 7.8×10^14 ~ 2.08 ×10^15 ions/cm^2) to find an industrial strain with a higher L(+)-lactic acid yiel...The wild type strain Rhizopus oryzae PW352 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion implantation (15 keV, 7.8×10^14 ~ 2.08 ×10^15 ions/cm^2) to find an industrial strain with a higher L(+)-lactic acid yield, and two mutants RE3303 and RF9052 were isolated. In order to discuss the mechanism primarily, Lactate Dehydrogenase of Rhizopus oryzae was studied. While the two mutants produced L(+)-lactic acid by 75% more than the wild strain did, their specific activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase was found to be higher than that in the wild strain. The optimum temperature of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Rhizopus oryzae RF9052 was higher. Compared to the wild strain, the Michaelis constant (Km) value of Lactate Dehydrogenase in the mutants was Changed. All these changes show that L(+)-lactic acid production has a correlation with the specific activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase. The low-energy ions, implanted into the strain, may improve the specific activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase by influencing its gene structure and protein structure.展开更多
Fermented soybean is one of the traditional foods widely consumed in many Asian countries. Most products(i.e., Natto, Jang, Kinema and Thua nao) are produced mainly by the bacterial activity. This study was performe...Fermented soybean is one of the traditional foods widely consumed in many Asian countries. Most products(i.e., Natto, Jang, Kinema and Thua nao) are produced mainly by the bacterial activity. This study was performed as a part of the program to improve the soybean fermentation, and a use of the co-culture between the bacterium Bacillus subtilis and the fungus Rhizopus oligosporus was selected. For fermentation, the raw soybeans were washed, sterilized by autoclaving, and inoculated with a mixed microbial starter culture of B. subtilis(102 CFU · g-1) and R. oligosporus(102 conidia · g-1). The Free Amino Acid(FAA) contents were then investigated by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC). The results showed that the amounts of FAAs and essential amino acids in the fermented soybean samples were found at significantly higher concentration when compared to those of the cooked, non-fermented soybean samples(p〈0.05). These data indicated that an involvement of microbial fermentation helped to accelerate an increase of FAA. The food compositional data were useful as a reference(and/or guidance) for the nutritional value, when compared to other fermented soybeans and related products.展开更多
In order to get an industrial strain which can yield a high concentration of lactic acid for ISPR (in situ product removal), the original strain Rhizopus oryzae RE3303 was mutated by low-energy ion beam implantation...In order to get an industrial strain which can yield a high concentration of lactic acid for ISPR (in situ product removal), the original strain Rhizopus oryzae RE3303 was mutated by low-energy ion beam implantation. A mutant RK02 was screened, and the factors such as the substrate concentration, nitrogen source concentration, inoculum size, seed age, aeration and temperature that affect the production of lactic acid were studied in detail. Under optimal con- ditions, the maximum concentration of L(+)-lactic acid reached 34.85 g/L after 30 h shake-flask cultivation without adding any neutralisation (5% Glucose added), which was a 146% increase in lactic acid production after ion implantation compared with the original strain. It was also shown that RK02 can be used in ISPR to reduce the number of times of separation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rhizopus microsporus(R.microsporus)lung infection is an invasive fungal disease with high mortality that is increasingly common in immunocompromised patients.However,it is very rare in immunocompetent patie...BACKGROUND Rhizopus microsporus(R.microsporus)lung infection is an invasive fungal disease with high mortality that is increasingly common in immunocompromised patients.However,it is very rare in immunocompetent patients.Here,we present the case of a 19-year-old girl who developed R.microsporus lung infection without any known immunodeficiency.CASE SUMMARY The patient presented to our hospital because of hemoptysis and irritative cough without expectoration.She was first treated for community-acquired pneumonia until the detection of R.microsporus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS).After a combination therapy of intravenous inhalation and local airway perfusion of amphotericin B,she eventually recovered,with significant absorption of lung infections.CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment are very important for pulmonary mucormycosis.Compared to fungal culture,mNGS is a relatively precise and convenient method to obtain pathogenic results.A combination therapy of intravenous inhalation and local airway perfusion of amphotericin B may be a promising strategy for the treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis in the future.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rhinocerebral mucormycosis(RCM)is a rare fatal fungal infection which is on the increase among immunocompromised hosts such as patients who have had hematological cancers,or have received immunosuppressive ...BACKGROUND Rhinocerebral mucormycosis(RCM)is a rare fatal fungal infection which is on the increase among immunocompromised hosts such as patients who have had hematological cancers,or have received immunosuppressive drugs,corticosteroids,or other T cell suppressing agents.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of RCM caused by Rhizopus oryzae,one of the most common opportunistic pathogens,in a patient suffering from a fourth relapse of acute myeloid leukemia.The patient developed RCM after he had received long-term antibiotic agents and corticosteroids.The pathogen was isolated three times from nasal secretions collected from the deep parts of the nasal cavity and was identified by morphology and internal transcribed spacer sequencing.Blood infection was excluded by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction and blood culture.The patient was empirically treated with caspofungin and voriconazole for several days while the lesions continued to progress.The patient was given amphotericin B in combination with caspofungin after RCM was suspected,and the lesions improved over the course of treatment,which lasted several days.However,the patient eventually died of the primary disease.CONCLUSION This case indicates that immunosuppressive drugs,including corticosteroids and antimetabolites in hematological tumor,do increase the risk of infections of this type.Early diagnosis,prompt and frequent surgical debridement,and treatment with amphotericin B without delay are all essential in combatting RCM.展开更多
Surface display is effectively utilized to construct a whole-cell biocatalyst.Codon optimization has been proven to be effective in maximizing production of heterologous proteins in yeast.Here,the cDNA sequence of Rhi...Surface display is effectively utilized to construct a whole-cell biocatalyst.Codon optimization has been proven to be effective in maximizing production of heterologous proteins in yeast.Here,the cDNA sequence of Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) was optimized and synthesized according to the codon bias of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and based on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell surface display system with α-agglutinin as an anchor,recombinant yeast displaying fully codon-optimized ROL with high activity was successfully constructed.Compared with the wild-type ROL-displaying yeast,the activity of the codon-optimized ROL yeast whole-cell biocatalyst (25 U/g dried cells) was 12.8-fold higher in a hydrolysis reaction using p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) as the substrate.To our knowledge,this was the first attempt to combine the techniques of yeast surface display and codon optimization for whole-cell biocatalyst construction.Consequently,the yeast whole-cell ROL biocatalyst was constructed with high activity.The optimum pH and temperature for the yeast whole-cell ROL biocatalyst were pH 7.0 and 40 °C.Furthermore,this whole-cell biocatalyst was applied to the hydrolysis of tributyrin and the resulted conversion of butyric acid reached 96.91% after 144 h.展开更多
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.2022JJ40247,No.2022JJ40256。
文摘BACKGROUND Pulmonary mucormycosis is a rare but life-threatening invasive fungal infection that mostly affects immunocompromised patients.This disease usually develops acutely and progresses rapidly,often leading to a poor clinical prognosis.Chronic pulmonary mucormycosis is highly unusual in immunocompetent patients.CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old man,who was a house improvement worker with a long history of occupational dust exposure,presented with an irritating cough that had lasted for two months.The patient was previously in good health,without dysglycemia or any known immunodeficiencies.Chest computed tomography revealed a mass in the left lower lobe,measuring approximately 6 cm in diameter,which was suspected to be primary lung carcinoma complicated with obstructive pneumonia.Thoracoscopic-assisted left lower lobectomy was performed,and metagenomic next-generation sequencing detection,along with special pathological staining of surgical specimens,suggested Rhizopus microsporus infection.Postoperatively,the patient’s respiratory symptoms were relieved,and no signs of recurrence were found during the six-month follow-up.CONCLUSION This article reports a rare case of chronic pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus in a middle-aged male without dysglycemia or immunodeficiency.The patient’s surgical outcome was excellent,reaffirming that surgery remains the cornerstone of pulmonary mucormycosis treatment.
文摘将Native制备电泳应用于Rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis中2个葡萄糖淀粉酶同工酶的分离,考察了电泳缓冲系统、凝胶浓度和凝胶长度对分离效果的影响。结果表明:先使用Ornstein-Davis系统分离同工酶,再使用0.02mol/L,pH6.2的NaAc.CH3COOH缓冲液洗脱,在长度为6cm的7%的Native电泳胶上,2个性质相近仅电泳迁移率略有差别的同工酶能有效分离。分离回收的蛋白质可保持其活力,便于后续研究。
基金the grants fromthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSF-30170663) the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Rhizopus rot of peach fruits could be significantly suppressed by Pichia membranefaciens. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonium-lyase (PAL) activities induced by inoculation with P. membrane faciens or R. stolonifer were studied in postharvest peach fruits. The activities of PPO and PAL in peaches increased significantly after being inoculated with P. membrane faciens + R. stolonifer by 24 h, the activities maintained at a high level throughout the experiment. Under the condition of infected with R. stolonifer alone, activity of PPO and PAL could also increased, but the levels were lower than those treated with P. membrane faciens+ R. stolonifer. However, fruits inoculaed with P. membrane-faciens + R. stolonifer or R. stolonifer alone did not stimulated POD activity. The results suggest that the activation of these defense enzymes is involved in the action of P. membrane faciens against R. stolonifer.
基金Partially suppored by a grant for the U K DTI- China MOST Collaborative Research
文摘L-(+)-Lactic acid production from corncob hydrolysate as a cheap carbohydrate source by fed-batch fermentation of Rhizopus oryzaeHZS6 was studied. After 96 h of fermentation in a 5 L fermentor, the final concentration of ammonium L-(+)-lactate, average productivity(based on initial xylose concentration) and maximum dry cell weight were 132.4 g/L, 1.38 g/(L·h), and 8.9 g/L respectively. The optical purity of L-(+)-lactate was 98.8%.
基金The project supported by the Tenth Five-Year Plan Period National Key Technologies R & D Program of China (under GrantNo. 2001BA302B)
文摘In order to obtain an industrial strain with a higher L(+)-lactic acid yield, the strain Rhizopus oryzae RF3608 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion beam implantation and the mutant strain RLC41-6 was isolated. Under optimal conditions the yield of L(+)-lactic acid produced in a shake-flask reached 133 g/L - 137 g/L after 36 h cultivation, indicating that the conversion rate based on glucose was as high as 88% - 91% and the productivity was 3.75 g/L.h. It was almost a 115% increase in lactic acid production compared with the original strain RF3608.
基金supported by the Key‘863’Fund of China (No.2006AA020102)Key Technology Research and Development Program of Anhui Province in 2007 (No.07010202076)
文摘In order to obtain an industrial strain with a higher L(+)-lactic acid yield, the strain Rhizopus oryzae PW352 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion beam implantation and the mutant strain Rhizopus oryzae RLC41-6 was obtained. An experimental finding was made in surprise that Rhizopus oryzae mutant RLC41-6 is not only an L(+)-lactic acid producer from corn starch but also an efficient producer of L(+)-lactic acid from xylose. Under optimal conditions, the production of L(+)-lactic acid from 100 g/L xylose reached 77.39 g/L after 144 h fed-batch fermentation, A high mutation rate and a wide mutation spectrum of low-energy ion implantation were observed in the experiment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20576132)
文摘The wild type strain Rhizopus oryzae PW352 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion implantation (15 keV, 7.8×10^14 ~ 2.08 ×10^15 ions/cm^2) to find an industrial strain with a higher L(+)-lactic acid yield, and two mutants RE3303 and RF9052 were isolated. In order to discuss the mechanism primarily, Lactate Dehydrogenase of Rhizopus oryzae was studied. While the two mutants produced L(+)-lactic acid by 75% more than the wild strain did, their specific activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase was found to be higher than that in the wild strain. The optimum temperature of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Rhizopus oryzae RF9052 was higher. Compared to the wild strain, the Michaelis constant (Km) value of Lactate Dehydrogenase in the mutants was Changed. All these changes show that L(+)-lactic acid production has a correlation with the specific activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase. The low-energy ions, implanted into the strain, may improve the specific activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase by influencing its gene structure and protein structure.
基金Supported by the Asia Research Centre,Chulalongkorn University(005/2559)Mae Fah Luang University
文摘Fermented soybean is one of the traditional foods widely consumed in many Asian countries. Most products(i.e., Natto, Jang, Kinema and Thua nao) are produced mainly by the bacterial activity. This study was performed as a part of the program to improve the soybean fermentation, and a use of the co-culture between the bacterium Bacillus subtilis and the fungus Rhizopus oligosporus was selected. For fermentation, the raw soybeans were washed, sterilized by autoclaving, and inoculated with a mixed microbial starter culture of B. subtilis(102 CFU · g-1) and R. oligosporus(102 conidia · g-1). The Free Amino Acid(FAA) contents were then investigated by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC). The results showed that the amounts of FAAs and essential amino acids in the fermented soybean samples were found at significantly higher concentration when compared to those of the cooked, non-fermented soybean samples(p〈0.05). These data indicated that an involvement of microbial fermentation helped to accelerate an increase of FAA. The food compositional data were useful as a reference(and/or guidance) for the nutritional value, when compared to other fermented soybeans and related products.
基金the Eleventh Five-Year Planthe National 863 Program(No.2006AA020101)
文摘In order to get an industrial strain which can yield a high concentration of lactic acid for ISPR (in situ product removal), the original strain Rhizopus oryzae RE3303 was mutated by low-energy ion beam implantation. A mutant RK02 was screened, and the factors such as the substrate concentration, nitrogen source concentration, inoculum size, seed age, aeration and temperature that affect the production of lactic acid were studied in detail. Under optimal con- ditions, the maximum concentration of L(+)-lactic acid reached 34.85 g/L after 30 h shake-flask cultivation without adding any neutralisation (5% Glucose added), which was a 146% increase in lactic acid production after ion implantation compared with the original strain. It was also shown that RK02 can be used in ISPR to reduce the number of times of separation.
文摘BACKGROUND Rhizopus microsporus(R.microsporus)lung infection is an invasive fungal disease with high mortality that is increasingly common in immunocompromised patients.However,it is very rare in immunocompetent patients.Here,we present the case of a 19-year-old girl who developed R.microsporus lung infection without any known immunodeficiency.CASE SUMMARY The patient presented to our hospital because of hemoptysis and irritative cough without expectoration.She was first treated for community-acquired pneumonia until the detection of R.microsporus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS).After a combination therapy of intravenous inhalation and local airway perfusion of amphotericin B,she eventually recovered,with significant absorption of lung infections.CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment are very important for pulmonary mucormycosis.Compared to fungal culture,mNGS is a relatively precise and convenient method to obtain pathogenic results.A combination therapy of intravenous inhalation and local airway perfusion of amphotericin B may be a promising strategy for the treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis in the future.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81773337Medical and Health Science Technology Project of Shandong Province,No.2017WS345and Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Plans of Shandong Province,No.2017-415.
文摘BACKGROUND Rhinocerebral mucormycosis(RCM)is a rare fatal fungal infection which is on the increase among immunocompromised hosts such as patients who have had hematological cancers,or have received immunosuppressive drugs,corticosteroids,or other T cell suppressing agents.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of RCM caused by Rhizopus oryzae,one of the most common opportunistic pathogens,in a patient suffering from a fourth relapse of acute myeloid leukemia.The patient developed RCM after he had received long-term antibiotic agents and corticosteroids.The pathogen was isolated three times from nasal secretions collected from the deep parts of the nasal cavity and was identified by morphology and internal transcribed spacer sequencing.Blood infection was excluded by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction and blood culture.The patient was empirically treated with caspofungin and voriconazole for several days while the lesions continued to progress.The patient was given amphotericin B in combination with caspofungin after RCM was suspected,and the lesions improved over the course of treatment,which lasted several days.However,the patient eventually died of the primary disease.CONCLUSION This case indicates that immunosuppressive drugs,including corticosteroids and antimetabolites in hematological tumor,do increase the risk of infections of this type.Early diagnosis,prompt and frequent surgical debridement,and treatment with amphotericin B without delay are all essential in combatting RCM.
基金Project supported by the National High-Tech R & D Program (863) of China (No. 2006AA10Z308)the National Science Foundation of China (No. 20776130)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. Y4090309)the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Program of China (No. 2009C32009)
文摘Surface display is effectively utilized to construct a whole-cell biocatalyst.Codon optimization has been proven to be effective in maximizing production of heterologous proteins in yeast.Here,the cDNA sequence of Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) was optimized and synthesized according to the codon bias of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and based on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell surface display system with α-agglutinin as an anchor,recombinant yeast displaying fully codon-optimized ROL with high activity was successfully constructed.Compared with the wild-type ROL-displaying yeast,the activity of the codon-optimized ROL yeast whole-cell biocatalyst (25 U/g dried cells) was 12.8-fold higher in a hydrolysis reaction using p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) as the substrate.To our knowledge,this was the first attempt to combine the techniques of yeast surface display and codon optimization for whole-cell biocatalyst construction.Consequently,the yeast whole-cell ROL biocatalyst was constructed with high activity.The optimum pH and temperature for the yeast whole-cell ROL biocatalyst were pH 7.0 and 40 °C.Furthermore,this whole-cell biocatalyst was applied to the hydrolysis of tributyrin and the resulted conversion of butyric acid reached 96.91% after 144 h.