Ecological effects of crude oil residues on weed rhizospheres are still vague. The quantitative and diversity changes and metabolic responses of soil-bacterial communities in common dandelion （Taraxacum officinale）,...Ecological effects of crude oil residues on weed rhizospheres are still vague. The quantitative and diversity changes and metabolic responses of soil-bacterial communities in common dandelion （Taraxacum officinale）, jerusalem artichoke （Silphiurn perfoliatum L.） and evening primrose （A colypha australis L.） rhizospheric soils were thus examined using the method of carbon source utilization. The results indicated that there were various toxic effects of crude oil residues on the growth and reproduction of soil bacteria, but the weed rhizospheres could mitigate the toxic effects. Total heterotrophic counting colony-forming units （CFUs） in the rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizospheric soils. The culturable soil-bacterial CFUs in the jerusalem artichoke （S. perfoliatum） rhizosphere polluted with 0.50 kg/pot of crude oil residues were almost twice as much as those with 0.25 kg/pot and without the addition of crude oil residues. The addition of crude oil residues increased the difference in substrate evenness, substrate richness, and substrate diversity between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of T. officinale and A. australis, but there was no significant （p〉0.05） difference in the Shannon＇s diversity index between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of S. perfoliatum. The rhizospheric response of weed species to crude oil residues suggested that S. perfoliatum may be a potential weed species for the effective plant-microorganism bioremediation of contaminated soils by crude oil residues.展开更多
To analyze the intrinsic relationship between rhizosphere microbial community structure and variety of rice, the microbial community structures in rhizosphere of different hybrid rice cultivars were determined with ph...To analyze the intrinsic relationship between rhizosphere microbial community structure and variety of rice, the microbial community structures in rhizosphere of different hybrid rice cultivars were determined with phospholipid fatty acids （PLFA） analysis. Three series of new-breeding hybrid rice cultivars in China were tested in the experiment, Ilyouming 86 （II-32A/Minghui 86）, Ilyouhang 1 （II-32A/Hang 1）, and Ilyouhang 2 （II-32A/Hang 2） with H-32A as female parent, XinyouHK02 （XinA/HK02） and YiyouHK02 （YXA/HK02） with HK02 as male parent, Chuanyou 167 （ChuanxiangA/MR167） and 44you167 （Hunan44A/MR167） with MR167 as male parent. The results showed that the microbial community in rhizosphere of the hybrid rice comprised bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and protozoa, according to the 40 PLFA biomarkers detected. Bacteria were more abundant than fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere of the hybrid rice tested. Both sulfate-reducing and methane-oxidizing bacteria were found to exist in the hybrid rice rhizosphere. It was also found that the characteristics of PLFA biomarkers had correlation with the biological traits of rice. The cluster analysis suggested that microbial community structure and activity in rhizosphere were associated with genetic background of the rice cultivar.展开更多
Alnus trabeeulosa, a rhizobia-nodulating tree, was introduced into the Chongxi tidal wetland in the Yangtze River estuary of China to increase the biodiversity of plants and restore tidal wetland functions. However, t...Alnus trabeeulosa, a rhizobia-nodulating tree, was introduced into the Chongxi tidal wetland in the Yangtze River estuary of China to increase the biodiversity of plants and restore tidal wetland functions. However, the effect of the introduced plant on soil bacterial communities and restoration outcomes remains unknown. In this study, the rhizosphere bacterial community structure and diversity were compared between Phragrnites australis monospecific community and A. trabeculosa-P, australis mixed communities, aiming to assess whether A. trabeculosa influenced the rhizosphere bacterial communities of P. australis and to investigate whether different taxonomic groups within a soil community may respond similarly to the presence of an introduced exotic plant. Among the 14 phylogenetic phyla detected, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacterial taxa in the rhizosphere. Phylogenetic analysis of the predominant Proteobacteria showed that the clones from the rhizosphere soils of A. trabeculosa and P. australis in A. trabeculosa-P, australis mixed communities were more diverse than those in the rhizosphere soil of P. australis in P. australis monospecific community. The rhizosphere community in the wetland potentially included active microbial community related to carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling in the Yangtze River estuary. The rhizosphere soil of P. australis in A. trabeculosa-P, australis mixed communities exhibited the highest Shannon diversity index （Hr） and Simpson diversity index （l/D） （H = 4.52, 1/D = 253）. Correspondence analyses revealed that the bacterial community structures were altered after A. trabeculosa was introduced.展开更多
【目的】针对三七土传病害根腐病日益突出的问题,探讨三七根际土壤和根内生微生物多样性、生物群落组成及代谢活性与根腐病发生的相关性。【方法】对连作3年三七和连作4年三七的健康植株和感病植株根际土壤进行Biolog ECO代谢功能多样...【目的】针对三七土传病害根腐病日益突出的问题,探讨三七根际土壤和根内生微生物多样性、生物群落组成及代谢活性与根腐病发生的相关性。【方法】对连作3年三七和连作4年三七的健康植株和感病植株根际土壤进行Biolog ECO代谢功能多样性分析,对三七根际土和根组织采用多种培养基进行微生物的分离培养,根据细菌16S r DNA序列和真菌ITS区序列的通用引物进行PCR扩增、Blast同源比对及其系统进化树分析。【结果】健康植株组与感病植株组根际土壤微生物群落的丰富度和均匀度存在显著差异(P<0.05),健康植株组土壤微生物群落的生理活性高于感病植株组;从根际土壤中培养出172株菌株,其中,健康植株组土壤以芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、节杆菌(Arthrobacter)等为优势菌群;感病植株组土壤以黄杆菌(Flavobacterium)、毛霉菌(Mucor)和镰刀菌(Fusarium)等为优势菌群;从根组织中分离出121株菌株,其中,健康植株根部以芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)为优势菌群,感病植株根部以镰刀菌(Fusarium)、拉恩氏菌(Rahnella)、欧文氏菌(Erwinia)等为优势菌群。【结论】三七土传病害根腐病的发生与植株根际微生物群落结构组成及代谢功能多样性密切相关,为从微生态角度改善三七土壤健康状况及控制三七根腐病的发生提供科学理论依据。展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China as an Outstanding Youth Fund grant (No. 20225722) the National NaturalScience Foundation for the Joint China-Russia Project (No. 20611120015)
文摘Ecological effects of crude oil residues on weed rhizospheres are still vague. The quantitative and diversity changes and metabolic responses of soil-bacterial communities in common dandelion （Taraxacum officinale）, jerusalem artichoke （Silphiurn perfoliatum L.） and evening primrose （A colypha australis L.） rhizospheric soils were thus examined using the method of carbon source utilization. The results indicated that there were various toxic effects of crude oil residues on the growth and reproduction of soil bacteria, but the weed rhizospheres could mitigate the toxic effects. Total heterotrophic counting colony-forming units （CFUs） in the rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizospheric soils. The culturable soil-bacterial CFUs in the jerusalem artichoke （S. perfoliatum） rhizosphere polluted with 0.50 kg/pot of crude oil residues were almost twice as much as those with 0.25 kg/pot and without the addition of crude oil residues. The addition of crude oil residues increased the difference in substrate evenness, substrate richness, and substrate diversity between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of T. officinale and A. australis, but there was no significant （p〉0.05） difference in the Shannon＇s diversity index between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of S. perfoliatum. The rhizospheric response of weed species to crude oil residues suggested that S. perfoliatum may be a potential weed species for the effective plant-microorganism bioremediation of contaminated soils by crude oil residues.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB111607)the Fujian Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists,China (2009J06010)
文摘To analyze the intrinsic relationship between rhizosphere microbial community structure and variety of rice, the microbial community structures in rhizosphere of different hybrid rice cultivars were determined with phospholipid fatty acids （PLFA） analysis. Three series of new-breeding hybrid rice cultivars in China were tested in the experiment, Ilyouming 86 （II-32A/Minghui 86）, Ilyouhang 1 （II-32A/Hang 1）, and Ilyouhang 2 （II-32A/Hang 2） with H-32A as female parent, XinyouHK02 （XinA/HK02） and YiyouHK02 （YXA/HK02） with HK02 as male parent, Chuanyou 167 （ChuanxiangA/MR167） and 44you167 （Hunan44A/MR167） with MR167 as male parent. The results showed that the microbial community in rhizosphere of the hybrid rice comprised bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and protozoa, according to the 40 PLFA biomarkers detected. Bacteria were more abundant than fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere of the hybrid rice tested. Both sulfate-reducing and methane-oxidizing bacteria were found to exist in the hybrid rice rhizosphere. It was also found that the characteristics of PLFA biomarkers had correlation with the biological traits of rice. The cluster analysis suggested that microbial community structure and activity in rhizosphere were associated with genetic background of the rice cultivar.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41101230, 40771203 and 40871243)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission of China (No. 10231201600)
文摘Alnus trabeeulosa, a rhizobia-nodulating tree, was introduced into the Chongxi tidal wetland in the Yangtze River estuary of China to increase the biodiversity of plants and restore tidal wetland functions. However, the effect of the introduced plant on soil bacterial communities and restoration outcomes remains unknown. In this study, the rhizosphere bacterial community structure and diversity were compared between Phragrnites australis monospecific community and A. trabeculosa-P, australis mixed communities, aiming to assess whether A. trabeculosa influenced the rhizosphere bacterial communities of P. australis and to investigate whether different taxonomic groups within a soil community may respond similarly to the presence of an introduced exotic plant. Among the 14 phylogenetic phyla detected, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacterial taxa in the rhizosphere. Phylogenetic analysis of the predominant Proteobacteria showed that the clones from the rhizosphere soils of A. trabeculosa and P. australis in A. trabeculosa-P, australis mixed communities were more diverse than those in the rhizosphere soil of P. australis in P. australis monospecific community. The rhizosphere community in the wetland potentially included active microbial community related to carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling in the Yangtze River estuary. The rhizosphere soil of P. australis in A. trabeculosa-P, australis mixed communities exhibited the highest Shannon diversity index （Hr） and Simpson diversity index （l/D） （H = 4.52, 1/D = 253）. Correspondence analyses revealed that the bacterial community structures were altered after A. trabeculosa was introduced.
文摘【目的】针对三七土传病害根腐病日益突出的问题,探讨三七根际土壤和根内生微生物多样性、生物群落组成及代谢活性与根腐病发生的相关性。【方法】对连作3年三七和连作4年三七的健康植株和感病植株根际土壤进行Biolog ECO代谢功能多样性分析,对三七根际土和根组织采用多种培养基进行微生物的分离培养,根据细菌16S r DNA序列和真菌ITS区序列的通用引物进行PCR扩增、Blast同源比对及其系统进化树分析。【结果】健康植株组与感病植株组根际土壤微生物群落的丰富度和均匀度存在显著差异(P<0.05),健康植株组土壤微生物群落的生理活性高于感病植株组;从根际土壤中培养出172株菌株,其中,健康植株组土壤以芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、节杆菌(Arthrobacter)等为优势菌群;感病植株组土壤以黄杆菌(Flavobacterium)、毛霉菌(Mucor)和镰刀菌(Fusarium)等为优势菌群;从根组织中分离出121株菌株,其中,健康植株根部以芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)为优势菌群,感病植株根部以镰刀菌(Fusarium)、拉恩氏菌(Rahnella)、欧文氏菌(Erwinia)等为优势菌群。【结论】三七土传病害根腐病的发生与植株根际微生物群落结构组成及代谢功能多样性密切相关,为从微生态角度改善三七土壤健康状况及控制三七根腐病的发生提供科学理论依据。
