VECTORIAL EKELAND'S VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE WITH A W-DISTANCE AND ITS EQUIVALENT THEOREMS

By using the properties of w-distances and Gerstewitz＇s functions, we first give a vectorial Takahashi＇s nonconvex minimization theorem with a w-distance. From this, we deduce a general vectorial Ekeland＇s variational principle, where the objective function is from a complete metric space into a pre-ordered topological vector space and the perturbation contains a w-distance and a non-decreasing function of the objective function value. From the general vectorial variational principle, we deduce a vectorial Caristfs fixed point theorem with a w-distance. Finally we show that the above three theorems are equivalent to each other. The related known results are generalized and improved. In particular, some conditions in the theorems of [Y. Araya, Ekeland＇s variational principle and its equivalent theorems in vector optimization, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 346（2008）, 9-16] are weakened or even completely relieved.

Recent Advances on Herglotz’s Generalized Variational Principle of Nonconservative Dynamics

This paper summarized the recent development on Herglotz’s generalized variational principle and its symmetries and conserved quantities for nonconservative dynamical systems.Taking Lagrangian mechanics,Hamiltonian mechanics and Birkhoffian mechanics as three research frames,we introduce Herglotz’s generalized variational principle,dynamical equations of Herglotz type,Noether symmetry and conserved quantities,and their generalization to time-delay dynamics,fractional dynamics and time-scale dynamics,and put forward some problems as suggestions for future research.

Variational principles for two kinds of extended Korteweg-de Vries equations

Variational principles are constructed using the semi-inverse method for two kinds of extended Korteweg-de Vries （KdV） equations, which can be regarded as simple models of the nonlinear oceanic internal waves and atmospheric long waves, respectively. The obtained variational principles have also been proved to be correct.

SET-VALUED CARISTI’S FIXED POINT THEOREM AND EEELAND’S VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE

This paper proposes a formally stronger set-valued Caristi’s fixed point theorem and by using a simple method we give a direct proof for the equivalence between Ekeland’s variational principle and this set-valued Caristi’s fixed point theorem.The results stated in this paper improve and strengthen the corresponding results in[4].

Comments on Zeng's Paper “Variational Principle of Instability of Atmospheric Motions”

After my paper (Zeng, 1986b) was published and another (Zeng, 1989) was submitted to the journal, I found two papers written by Arnold (1966) and McIntyre et al. (1987) and received some reprints of Ripa’s papers (1983; 1984; 1987; 1988) in the same field. I thank Drs. Mu Mu and Pedro Ripa very much for showing and sending me these interesting papers.

USING GENERALIZED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES TO RESOLVE THE ST.VENANT’S TORSIONAL BAR WITH A CRACK

According to generalized variational principles suitable for linear elastic incompatible displacement elements given by Professor Chien Wei-zang, using crack tip singular element and isoparametric surrounding element given by the author of this paper, we will study the St. Venant's torsional bar with a radial vertical crack and compare the present computed results with the results of reference [2], The present computed results show that, using the method provided in this paper, satisfactory convergent solution can be obtained under lower degree of freedom.

High-Order Hamilton's Principle and the Hamilton's Principle of High-Order Lagrangian Function

In this paper, based on the theorem of the high-order velocity energy, integration and variation principle, the high-order Hamilton＇s principle of general holonomic systems is given. Then, three-order Lagrangian equations and four-order Lagrangian equations are obtained from the high-order Hamilton＇s principle. Finally, the Hamilton＇s principle of high-order Lagrangian function is given.

Consistency and Validity of the Mathematical Models and the Solution Methods for BVPs and IVPs Based on Energy Methods and Principle of Virtual Work for Homogeneous Isotropic and Non-Homogeneous Non-Isotropic Solid Continua

Energy methods and the principle of virtual work are commonly used for obtaining solutions of boundary value problems (BVPs) and initial value problems (IVPs) associated with homogeneous, isotropic and non-homogeneous, non-isotropic matter without using (or in the absence of) the mathematical models of the BVPs and the IVPs. These methods are also used for deriving mathematical models for BVPs and IVPs associated with isotropic, homogeneous as well as non-homogeneous, non-isotropic continuous matter. In energy methods when applied to IVPs, one constructs energy functional (I) consisting of kinetic energy, strain energy and the potential energy of loads. The first variation of this energy functional (δI) set to zero is a necessary condition for an extremum of I. In this approach one could use δI = 0 directly in constructing computational processes such as the finite element method or could derive Euler’s equations (differential or partial differential equations) from δI = 0, which is also satisfied by a solution obtained from δI = 0. The Euler’s equations obtained from δI = 0 indeed are the mathematical model associated with the energy functional I. In case of BVPs we follow the same approach except in this case, the energy functional I consists of strain energy and the potential energy of loads. In using the principle of virtual work for BVPs and the IVPs, we can also accomplish the same as described above using energy methods. In this paper we investigate consistency and validity of the mathematical models for isotropic, homogeneous and non-isotropic, non-homogeneous continuous matter for BVPs that are derived using energy functional consisting of strain energy and the potential energy of loads. Similar investigation is also presented for IVPs using energy functional consisting of kinetic energy, strain energy and the potential energy of loads. The computational approaches for BVPs and the IVPs designed using energy functional and principle of virtual work, their consistency and validity are also investigated. Classical continuum mechanics (CCM) principles i.e. conservation and balance laws of CCM with consistent constitutive theories and the elements of calculus of variations are employed in the investigations presented in this paper.

New way to construct high order Hamiltonian variational integrators

This paper develops a new approach to construct variational integrators. A simplified unconventional Hamilton＇s variational principle corresponding to initial value problems is proposed, which is convenient for applications. The displacement and mo- mentum are approximated with the same Lagrange interpolation. After the numerical integration and variational operation, the original problems are expressed as algebraic equations with the displacement and momentum at the interpolation points as unknown variables. Some particular variational integrators are derived. An optimal scheme of choosing initial values for the Newton-Raphson method is presented for the nonlinear dynamic system. In addition, specific examples show that the proposed integrators are symplectic when the interpolation point coincides with the numerical integration point, and both are Gaussian quadrature points. Meanwhile, compared with the same order symplectic Runge-Kutta methods, although the accuracy of the two methods is almost the same, the proposed integrators are much simpler and less computationally expensive.

P-Distances, Q-Distances and a Generalized Ekeland's Variational Principle in Uniform Spaces

In this paper, we attempt to give a unified approach to the existing several versions of Ekeland＇s variational principle. In the framework of uniiorm spaces, we introduce p-distances and more generally, q-distances. Then we introduce a new type of completeness for uniform spaces, i.e., sequential completeness with respect to a q-distance （particularly, a p-distance）, which is a very extensive concept of completeness. By using q-distances and the new type of completeness, we prove a generalized Takahashi＇s nonconvex minimization theorem, a generalized Ekeland＇s variational principle and a generalized Caristi＇s fixed point theorem. Moreover, we show that the above three theorems are equivalent to each other. From the generalized Ekeland＇s variational principle, we deduce a number of particular versions of Ekeland＇s principle, which include many known versions of the principle and their improvements.

A General Vectorial Ekeland's Variational Principle with a P-distance

In this paper, by using p-distances on uniform spaces, we establish a general vectorial Ekeland variational principle （in short EVP）, where the objective function is defined on a uniform space and taking values in a pre-ordered real linear space and the perturbation involves a p-distance and a monotone function of the objective function. Since p-distances are very extensive, such a form of the perturbation in deed contains many different forms of perturbations appeared in the previous versions of EVP. Besides, we only require the objective function has a very weak property, as a substitute for lower semi-continuity, and only require the domain space （which is a uniform space） has a very weak type of completeness, i.e., completeness with respect to a certain p-distance. Such very weak type of completeness even includes local completeness when the uniform space is a locally convex topological vector space. From the general vectorial EVP, we deduce a general vectorial Caristi＇s fixed point theorem and a general vectorial Takahashi＇s nonconvex minimization theorem. Moreover, we show that the above three theorems are equivalent to each other. We see that the above general vectorial EVP includes many particular versions of EVP, which extend and complement the related known results.

On Ha's Version of Set-valued Ekeland's Variational Principle

By using the concept of cone extensions and Dancs-Hegedus-Medvegyev theorem, Ha [Some variants of the Ekeland variational principle for a set-valued map. J. Optim. Theory Appl., 124, 187-206 （2005）] established a new version of Ekeland＇s variational principle for set-valued maps, which is expressed by the existence of strict approximate minimizer for a set-valued optimization problem. In this paper, we give an improvement of Ha＇s version of set-valued Ekeland＇s variational principle. Our proof is direct and it need not use Dancs-Hegedus-Medvegyev theorem. From the improved Ha＇s version, we deduce a Caristi-Kirk＇s fixed point theorem and a Takahashi＇s nonconvex minimization theorem for set-valued maps. Moreover, we prove that the above three theorems are equivalent to each other.

EKELAND'S VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE AND CARISTI'S FIXED POINT THEOREM IN PROBABILISTIC METRIC SPACE

The main purpose of this paper is to establish the Ekeland’s variational principle andCaristi’s fixed point theorem in probabilistic metric spaces and to give a direct simple proofof the equivalence between these two theorems in the probabilistic metric space. The resultspresented in this paper generalize the corresponding results of [9--12].

Sequentially Lower Complete Spaces and Ekeland's Variational Principle

By using sequentially lower complete spaces（see [Zhu, J., Wei, L., Zhu, C. C.： Caristi type coincidence point theorem in topological spaces. J. Applied Math., 2013, ID 902692（2013）]）, we give a new version of vectorial Ekeland＇s variational principle. In the new version, the objective function is defined on a sequentially lower complete space and taking values in a quasi-ordered locally convex space, and the perturbation consists of a weakly countably compact set and a non-negative function p which only needs to satisfy p（x, y） = 0 iff x = y. Here, the function p need not satisfy the subadditivity.From the new Ekeland＇s principle, we deduce a vectorial Caristi＇s fixed point theorem and a vectorial Takahashi＇s non-convex minimization theorem. Moreover, we show that the above three theorems are equivalent to each other. By considering some particular cases, we obtain a number of corollaries,which include some interesting versions of fixed point theorem.

Ekeland’s Variational Principle and the Mountain Pass Lemma

Ekeland’s variational principle is a fundamental theorem in nonconves analysis. Its general statement is as the following:Ekeland’s Variational Principle"’a:. Let V be a complete metric space, and F: F—*-RU{ + °°} a lower semicontinuous function, not identically +00 and bounded from, below. Let s>0 be given, and a point u^V such thatF(u)<infF+e.vThen there exists some point v ￡ V such that

Vectorial Variational Principle with Variable Set-Valued Perturbation

We give a general vectorial Ekeland＇s variational principle, where the objective function is defined on an F-type topological space and taking values in a pre-ordered real linear space. Being quite different from the previous versions of vectorial Ekeland＇s variational principle, the perturbation in our version is no longer only dependent on a fixed positive vector or a fixed family of positive vectors. It contains a family of set-valued functions taking values in the positive cone and a family of subadditive functions of topology generating quasi-metrics. Hence, the direction of the perturbation in the new version is a family of variable subsets which are dependent on the objective function values. The general version includes and improves a number of known versions of vectorial Ekeland＇s variational principle. From the general Ekeland＇s principle, we deduce the corresponding versions of Caristi-Kirk＇s fixed point theorem and Takahashi＇s nonconvex minimization theorem. Finally, we prove that all the three theorems are equivalent to each other.

变异S-粗集与它的变异结构

提出了变异S 粗集 ,给出单向变异S 粗集与双向变异S 粗集的数学结构 ;提出变异S 粗集与S 粗集的对偶性定理与变异 -对偶原理 .变异S 粗集是S

LOCALLY EKELAND'S VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE AND SOME SURJECTIVE MAPPING THEOREMS

This paper shows that if a Gateaux differentiable functional f has a finite lower bound(although it need not attain it),then,for everyε>0,there exists some point zεsuch that‖f′(zε)‖ε1+h(‖zε‖),where h:[0,∞)→[0,∞)is a continuous function such that∫∞011+h(r)dr=∞.Applications are given to extremum problem and some surjective mappings.

变精度双向变异S–粗集及其结构

将双向变异S–粗集模型推广为变精度双向变异S–粗集,给出了变精度双向变异S–粗集与变精度双向S–粗集的等价性定理和变精度变异–对偶原理.

基于S—R分解定理的极矩弹性力学增量型能量原理和广义变分原理

采用拖带坐标系的应力张量增量和变形梯度S—R分解定理意义下的应变张量增量,本文证明如在大位移、大变形途径中,存在有唯一的势能与余能函数,则可建立大变形极矩弹性理论的最小势能原理和最小余能原理。在此基础上用泛函的扩宗量变换与Lagrange乘子法结合建立了具有 _j^i、 _j^i、 _i、 ~i、五类独立变分宗量的广义变分原理,它是目前极矩弹性力学中最一般的广义变分原理。