This work shows, after a brief introduction to Riemann zeta function , the demonstration that all non-trivial zeros of this function lies on the so-called “critical line”,, the one Hardy demonstrated in his famous w...This work shows, after a brief introduction to Riemann zeta function , the demonstration that all non-trivial zeros of this function lies on the so-called “critical line”,, the one Hardy demonstrated in his famous work that infinite countable zeros of the above function can be found on it. Thus, out of this strip, the only remaining zeros of this function are the so-called “trivial ones” . After an analytical introduction reminding the existence of a germ from a generic zero lying in , we show through a Weierstrass-Hadamard representation approach of the above germ that non-trivial zeros out of cannot be found.展开更多
Let Δ(x) and E(t) denote respectively the remainder terms in the Dirichlet divisor problem and the mean square formula for the Riemann zeta-function on the critical line.This article is a survey of recent development...Let Δ(x) and E(t) denote respectively the remainder terms in the Dirichlet divisor problem and the mean square formula for the Riemann zeta-function on the critical line.This article is a survey of recent developments on the research of these famous error terms in number theory.These include upper bounds,Ω-results,sign changes,moments and distribution,etc.A few open problems are also discussed.展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION For any complex number s, let ζ(s)denote Riemann zeta-function defined by ζ(s)=sum from n=1 to ∞ 1/n^s for Re (s)】1 and by its analytic continuation. The main purpose of this report is to study th...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION For any complex number s, let ζ(s)denote Riemann zeta-function defined by ζ(s)=sum from n=1 to ∞ 1/n^s for Re (s)】1 and by its analytic continuation. The main purpose of this report is to study the calculating problems of summation:展开更多
We consider the singular Riemann problem for the rectilinear isentropic compressible Euler equations with discontinuous flux,more specifically,for pressureless flow on the left and polytropic flow on the right separat...We consider the singular Riemann problem for the rectilinear isentropic compressible Euler equations with discontinuous flux,more specifically,for pressureless flow on the left and polytropic flow on the right separated by a discontinuity x=x(t).We prove that this problem admits global Radon measure solutions for all kinds of initial data.The over-compressing condition on the discontinuity x=x(t)is not enough to ensure the uniqueness of the solution.However,there is a unique piecewise smooth solution if one proposes a slip condition on the right-side of the curve x=x(t)+0,in addition to the full adhesion condition on its left-side.As an application,we study a free piston problem with the piston in a tube surrounded initially by uniform pressureless flow and a polytropic gas.In particular,we obtain the existence of a piecewise smooth solution for the motion of the piston between a vacuum and a polytropic gas.This indicates that the singular Riemann problem looks like a control problem in the sense that one could adjust the condition on the discontinuity of the flux to obtain the desired flow field.展开更多
We solve the Riemann problems for isentropic compressible Euler equations of polytropic gases in the class of Radon measures,and the solutions admit the concentration of mass.It is found that under the requirement of ...We solve the Riemann problems for isentropic compressible Euler equations of polytropic gases in the class of Radon measures,and the solutions admit the concentration of mass.It is found that under the requirement of satisfying the over-compressing entropy condition:(i)there is a unique delta shock solution,corresponding to the case that has two strong classical Lax shocks;(ii)for the initial data that the classical Riemann solution contains a shock wave and a rarefaction wave,or two shocks with one being weak,there are infinitely many solutions,each consists of a delta shock and a rarefaction wave;(iii)there are no delta shocks for the case that the classical entropy weak solutions consist only of rarefaction waves.These solutions are self-similar.Furthermore,for the generalized Riemann problem with mass concentrated initially at the discontinuous point of initial data,there always exists a unique delta shock for at least a short time.It could be prolonged to a global solution.Not all the solutions are self-similar due to the initial velocity of the concentrated point-mass(particle).Whether the delta shock solutions constructed satisfy the over-compressing entropy condition is clarified.This is the first result on the construction of singular measure solutions to the compressible Euler system of polytropic gases,that is strictly hyperbolic,and whose characteristics are both genuinely nonlinear.We also discuss possible physical interpretations and applications of these new solutions.展开更多
Formulated in 1859 by the mathematician Bernhard Riemann, the Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture. She says that the Riemann’s Zeta function non-trivial zeros of all have real part . This demonstration would impr...Formulated in 1859 by the mathematician Bernhard Riemann, the Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture. She says that the Riemann’s Zeta function non-trivial zeros of all have real part . This demonstration would improve the prime numbers distribution knowledge. This conjecture constitutes one of the most important mathematics unsolved problems of the 21st century: it is one of the famous Hilbert problems proposed in 1900. In this article, a method for solving this conjecture is given. This work has been started by finding an analytical function which gives a best accurate 10<sup>-8</sup> of particular zeros sample that this number has increased gradually and finally prooving that this function is always irrational. This demonstration is important as allows Riemann’s zeta function to be a model function in the Dirichlet series theory and be at the crossroads of many other theories. Also, it is going to serve as a motivation and guideline for new studies.展开更多
In this paper we study the function , for z∈C. We derive a functional equation that relates G(z) and G(1−z) for all z∈C, and we prove: 1) that G and the Riemann zeta function ζ have exactly the same zeros in the cr...In this paper we study the function , for z∈C. We derive a functional equation that relates G(z) and G(1−z) for all z∈C, and we prove: 1) that G and the Riemann zeta function ζ have exactly the same zeros in the critical region D:= {z∈C:ℜz∈(0,1)};2) the Riemann hypothesis, i.e., that all of the zeros of G in D are located on the critical line := {z∈D:ℜz =1/2};and that 3) all the zeros of the Riemann zeta function located on the critical line are simple.展开更多
Riemann proved three results: analytically continue ζ(s) over the whole complex plane s =σ + it with a pole s =1;(Theorem A) functional equation ξ(t) = G(s<sub>0</sub>)ζ (s<sub>0</sub>), s&...Riemann proved three results: analytically continue ζ(s) over the whole complex plane s =σ + it with a pole s =1;(Theorem A) functional equation ξ(t) = G(s<sub>0</sub>)ζ (s<sub>0</sub>), s<sub>0</sub> =1/2 + it and (Theorem B) product expression ξ<sub>1</sub>(t) by all roots of ξ(t). He stated Riemann conjecture (RC): All roots of ξ (t) are real. We find a mistake of Riemann: he used the same notation ξ(t) in two theorems. Theorem B must contain complex roots;it conflicts with RC. Thus theorem B can only be used by contradiction. Our research can be completed on s<sub>0</sub> =1/2 + it. Using all real roots r<sub>k</sub><sub> </sub>and (true) complex roots z<sub>j</sub> = t<sub>j</sub> + ia<sub>j</sub> of ξ (z), define product expressions w(t), w(0) =ξ(0) and Q(t) > 0, Q(0) =1 respectively, so ξ<sub>1</sub>(t) = w(t)Q(t). Define infinite point-set L(ω) = {t : t ≥10 and |ζ(s<sub>0</sub>)| =ω} for small ω > 0. If ξ(t) has complex roots, then ω =ωQ(t) on L(ω). Finally in a large interval of the first module |z<sub>1</sub>|>>1, we can find many points t ∈ L(ω) to make Q(t) . This contraction proves RC. In addition, Riemann hypothesis (RH) ζ for also holds, but it cannot be proved by ζ.展开更多
The Riemann wave system has a fundamental role in describing waves in various nonlinear natural phenomena,for instance,tsunamis in the oceans.This paper focuses on executing the generalized exponential rational functi...The Riemann wave system has a fundamental role in describing waves in various nonlinear natural phenomena,for instance,tsunamis in the oceans.This paper focuses on executing the generalized exponential rational function approach and some numerical methods to obtain a distinct range of traveling wave structures and numerical results of the two-dimensional Riemann problems.The stability of obtained traveling wave solutions is analyzed by satisfying the constraint conditions of the Hamiltonian system.Numerical simulations are investigated via the finite difference method to verify the accuracy of the obtained results.To extract the approximation solutions to the underlying problem,some ODE solvers in FORTRAN software are applied,and outcomes are shown graphically.The stability and accuracy of the numerical schemes using Fourier’s stabilitymethod and error analysis,respectively,to increase the reassurance are investigated.A comparison between the analytical and numerical results is obtained and graphically provided.The proposed methods are effective and practical to be applied for solving more partial differential equations(PDEs).展开更多
文摘This work shows, after a brief introduction to Riemann zeta function , the demonstration that all non-trivial zeros of this function lies on the so-called “critical line”,, the one Hardy demonstrated in his famous work that infinite countable zeros of the above function can be found on it. Thus, out of this strip, the only remaining zeros of this function are the so-called “trivial ones” . After an analytical introduction reminding the existence of a germ from a generic zero lying in , we show through a Weierstrass-Hadamard representation approach of the above germ that non-trivial zeros out of cannot be found.
文摘Let Δ(x) and E(t) denote respectively the remainder terms in the Dirichlet divisor problem and the mean square formula for the Riemann zeta-function on the critical line.This article is a survey of recent developments on the research of these famous error terms in number theory.These include upper bounds,Ω-results,sign changes,moments and distribution,etc.A few open problems are also discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION For any complex number s, let ζ(s)denote Riemann zeta-function defined by ζ(s)=sum from n=1 to ∞ 1/n^s for Re (s)】1 and by its analytic continuation. The main purpose of this report is to study the calculating problems of summation:
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11871218,12071298)in part by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21JC1402500,22DZ2229014)。
文摘We consider the singular Riemann problem for the rectilinear isentropic compressible Euler equations with discontinuous flux,more specifically,for pressureless flow on the left and polytropic flow on the right separated by a discontinuity x=x(t).We prove that this problem admits global Radon measure solutions for all kinds of initial data.The over-compressing condition on the discontinuity x=x(t)is not enough to ensure the uniqueness of the solution.However,there is a unique piecewise smooth solution if one proposes a slip condition on the right-side of the curve x=x(t)+0,in addition to the full adhesion condition on its left-side.As an application,we study a free piston problem with the piston in a tube surrounded initially by uniform pressureless flow and a polytropic gas.In particular,we obtain the existence of a piecewise smooth solution for the motion of the piston between a vacuum and a polytropic gas.This indicates that the singular Riemann problem looks like a control problem in the sense that one could adjust the condition on the discontinuity of the flux to obtain the desired flow field.
基金Supported by the Key Project of Universities Natural Science Research of Anhui Province (KJ2021A0638, KJ2020A0509)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61573034, 61327807, 11705003)the National Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (gxbjZD2021063)。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.11871218,No.12071298the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality under Grant No.18dz2271000.
文摘We solve the Riemann problems for isentropic compressible Euler equations of polytropic gases in the class of Radon measures,and the solutions admit the concentration of mass.It is found that under the requirement of satisfying the over-compressing entropy condition:(i)there is a unique delta shock solution,corresponding to the case that has two strong classical Lax shocks;(ii)for the initial data that the classical Riemann solution contains a shock wave and a rarefaction wave,or two shocks with one being weak,there are infinitely many solutions,each consists of a delta shock and a rarefaction wave;(iii)there are no delta shocks for the case that the classical entropy weak solutions consist only of rarefaction waves.These solutions are self-similar.Furthermore,for the generalized Riemann problem with mass concentrated initially at the discontinuous point of initial data,there always exists a unique delta shock for at least a short time.It could be prolonged to a global solution.Not all the solutions are self-similar due to the initial velocity of the concentrated point-mass(particle).Whether the delta shock solutions constructed satisfy the over-compressing entropy condition is clarified.This is the first result on the construction of singular measure solutions to the compressible Euler system of polytropic gases,that is strictly hyperbolic,and whose characteristics are both genuinely nonlinear.We also discuss possible physical interpretations and applications of these new solutions.
文摘Formulated in 1859 by the mathematician Bernhard Riemann, the Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture. She says that the Riemann’s Zeta function non-trivial zeros of all have real part . This demonstration would improve the prime numbers distribution knowledge. This conjecture constitutes one of the most important mathematics unsolved problems of the 21st century: it is one of the famous Hilbert problems proposed in 1900. In this article, a method for solving this conjecture is given. This work has been started by finding an analytical function which gives a best accurate 10<sup>-8</sup> of particular zeros sample that this number has increased gradually and finally prooving that this function is always irrational. This demonstration is important as allows Riemann’s zeta function to be a model function in the Dirichlet series theory and be at the crossroads of many other theories. Also, it is going to serve as a motivation and guideline for new studies.
文摘In this paper we study the function , for z∈C. We derive a functional equation that relates G(z) and G(1−z) for all z∈C, and we prove: 1) that G and the Riemann zeta function ζ have exactly the same zeros in the critical region D:= {z∈C:ℜz∈(0,1)};2) the Riemann hypothesis, i.e., that all of the zeros of G in D are located on the critical line := {z∈D:ℜz =1/2};and that 3) all the zeros of the Riemann zeta function located on the critical line are simple.
文摘Riemann proved three results: analytically continue ζ(s) over the whole complex plane s =σ + it with a pole s =1;(Theorem A) functional equation ξ(t) = G(s<sub>0</sub>)ζ (s<sub>0</sub>), s<sub>0</sub> =1/2 + it and (Theorem B) product expression ξ<sub>1</sub>(t) by all roots of ξ(t). He stated Riemann conjecture (RC): All roots of ξ (t) are real. We find a mistake of Riemann: he used the same notation ξ(t) in two theorems. Theorem B must contain complex roots;it conflicts with RC. Thus theorem B can only be used by contradiction. Our research can be completed on s<sub>0</sub> =1/2 + it. Using all real roots r<sub>k</sub><sub> </sub>and (true) complex roots z<sub>j</sub> = t<sub>j</sub> + ia<sub>j</sub> of ξ (z), define product expressions w(t), w(0) =ξ(0) and Q(t) > 0, Q(0) =1 respectively, so ξ<sub>1</sub>(t) = w(t)Q(t). Define infinite point-set L(ω) = {t : t ≥10 and |ζ(s<sub>0</sub>)| =ω} for small ω > 0. If ξ(t) has complex roots, then ω =ωQ(t) on L(ω). Finally in a large interval of the first module |z<sub>1</sub>|>>1, we can find many points t ∈ L(ω) to make Q(t) . This contraction proves RC. In addition, Riemann hypothesis (RH) ζ for also holds, but it cannot be proved by ζ.
文摘The Riemann wave system has a fundamental role in describing waves in various nonlinear natural phenomena,for instance,tsunamis in the oceans.This paper focuses on executing the generalized exponential rational function approach and some numerical methods to obtain a distinct range of traveling wave structures and numerical results of the two-dimensional Riemann problems.The stability of obtained traveling wave solutions is analyzed by satisfying the constraint conditions of the Hamiltonian system.Numerical simulations are investigated via the finite difference method to verify the accuracy of the obtained results.To extract the approximation solutions to the underlying problem,some ODE solvers in FORTRAN software are applied,and outcomes are shown graphically.The stability and accuracy of the numerical schemes using Fourier’s stabilitymethod and error analysis,respectively,to increase the reassurance are investigated.A comparison between the analytical and numerical results is obtained and graphically provided.The proposed methods are effective and practical to be applied for solving more partial differential equations(PDEs).
