Analysis of deformation and internal flow patterns for rising single bubbles in different liquids

Gas–liquid multiphase flow is a significant phenomenon in chemical processes. The rising behaviors of single bubbles in the quiescent liquids have been investigated but the internal flow patterns and deformation rules of bubbles, which influence the mass transfer efficiency to a large extent, have received much less attention. In this paper, the volume of fluid method was used to calculate the bubble shapes, pressure, velocity distributions,and the flow patterns inside the bubbles. The rising behavior of the bubbles with four different initial diameters,i.e., 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm and 9 mm was investigated in four various liquids including water, 61.23% glycerol,86.73% glycerol and 100% glycerol. The results show that the liquid properties and bubble initial diameters have great impacts on bubble shapes. Moreover, flow patterns inside the bubbles with different initial diameters were analyzed and classified into three types under the condition of different bubble shapes. Three correlations for predicting the maximum internal circulation inside the bubbles in 86.73% glycerol were presented and the R-square values were all bigger than 0.98. Through analyzing the pressure and velocity distributions around the bubbles, four rules of bubble deformation were also obtained to explain and predict the shapes.

A Rising Force for the World-Wide Development of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） has attracted many academic and industrial interests world-wide due to its unique advantages, such as little or no sample preparation requirement, in-situ/online and multi-elemental analysis, and remote sensing etc., and it has been regarded as a ＂future super star＂ for chemical analysis for many years . In China,

Auto-Test on Motor Temperature Rising in Electric Vehicles with Mutual MRAS

A new method to calculate the motor temperature rising in electric vehicle （EV） is proposed based on the stator resistance identification. The measure theory of the motor temperature rising with the stator resistance is discussed at first. An enhanced magnetism motor dynamic math model is built which is the research object. Then the resistance identification system model is built on the mutual model reference adaptive,system （MRAS） theory. The simulation diagram of the mutual MRAS model is constructed and the resistance identification performance is studied in different motor states. Simulation results indicate that the stator resistance identification model with the mutual MRAS is effective. At the same time, the identification of motor temperature rising is possible with the identification of the stator resistance.

Effect of pulse voltage rising time on discharge characteristics of a helium-air plasma at atmospheric pressure

In this paper,the influence of voltage rising time on a pulsed-dc helium-air plasma at atmospheric pressure is numerically simulated.Simulation results show that as the voltage rising time increases from 10 ns to 30 ns,there is a decrease in the discharge current,namely 0.052 A when the voltage rising time is 10 ns and 0.038 A when the voltage rising time is 30 ns.Additionally,a shorter voltage rising time results in a faster breakdown,a more rapidly rising current waveform,and a higher breakdown voltage.Furthermore,the basic parameters of the streamer discharge also increase with voltage rise rate,which is ascribed to the fact that more energetic electrons are produced in a shorter voltage rising time.Therefore,a pulsed-dc voltage with a short rising time is desirable for efficient production of nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma discharge.

Can the early bird catch the worm? Effects of early rising on leukocyte subsets via modification of autonomic nervous system and the effect on glucose levels

The importance of sleep has been described in proverbs such as “the early bird catches the worm”. However, there are few scientific reports on the effects of early rising. Therefore, early risers (Group E) and late risers (Group L) were compared and the number and ratio of leukocytes, body temperature, glucose and its associated hormones were studied. Furthermore, each group was divided into two groups by the duration of sleep and the following four groups were compared: early risers with short sleep (Group E-S);early risers with long sleep (Group E-L);late risers with short sleep (Group L-S);and late risers with long sleep (Group L-L). Then, compared with Group L, Group E showed lower numbers and ratio of granulocytes and a higher ratio of lymphocytes showing parasympathetic nerve dominance. Group E showed higher levels of glucose and its related hormones than Group L, indicating sympathetic nerve dominance. Compared with Groups E-S and L-S, Groups E-L and L-L showed lower glucose and cortisol levels, respectively. These results indicated that early rising might affect leukocyte subsets, and adequate duration of sleep could decrease levels of glucose via modification of the autonomic nervous system.

Rising Foreign Investment in China, Despite Trade Tensions

There has been no decline but rather a rise in foreign investment in China since the China-US trade dispute started earlier this year.In the first10months of this year,49,545new foreign-invested enterprises were set up nationwide,up89.3%over the same period last year,data from the Ministry of Commerce(MOC)showed.

Regulating and Controlling the Rising Prices of Geographical Indication Products in Inflation——taking Geographical Indication Products from Chongqing as an Example

Since July 2010,the prices of geographical indication products have risen with the occurrence of inflation.In contrast with other products,geographical indication products are distinct.The increasing prices of geographical indication goods have their own necessities.From the perspective of the products,they are equipped with appreciation potential due to the cultural pe culiarities.From the historical standpoint,their prices have not been high as well as other agricultural products.Realistically,the increase in their prices results from the costs of labors and raw materials.Therefore,the prices of geographical indication products rise to catch up.Not only are their prices at a reasonable level,but also they are beneficial to increase peasants'income.In con clusion,it is necessary that the strategies which are different from those of other products be adopted to regulate and control the prices of geographical indication products.

‘Rising Stars of Light’评选

投稿截止日期:2019年4月10日背景Light Conference 2019国际学术会议将于2019年7月16日-18日在长春召开。为激励青年学者发表重大创新结果,会议特组织'Rising Stars of Light'评选活动。第1轮通知参选条件学术成果是未发表(2019年7月18日之前未发表)且与光学研究相关的原创性工作投稿格式论文全文.

Effects of rising temperature on growth and energy budget of juvenile Eogammarus possjeticus(Amphipoda:Anisogammaridae)

Growth and energy budget of marine amphipod juvenile Eogammarus possjeticus at different temperatures(20℃,24℃,26℃,28℃,30℃,32℃ and 34℃)were investigated in this study.The results showed that the cumulative mortality rate increased significantly with rising temperature(p<0.01),and exceeded 50%after 24 h when temperature was above 30℃.With the temperature increasing from 20℃ to 26℃,the ingestion rate and absorption rate increased,but decreased significantly above 28℃(p<0.01),indicating a decline in feeding ability at high temperatures.The specific growth rate increased with rising temperature,but decreased significantly(p<0.01)after reaching the maximum value at 24℃.Similarly,the oxygen consumption and ammonia emission rates also showed a trend of first increase and then decrease.However,the O:N ratio decreased first and then increased with rising temperature,indicating that the energy demand of E.possjeticus juvenile transferred from metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid to protein.In the energy distribution of amphipods,the proportion of each energy is different.With rising temperature,the ratio of the energy deposited for growth accounted for ingested gross energy showing a trend of decrease,while the energy lost to respiration,ammonia excretion,and feces accounted for ingested gross energy being showed a trend of increase.It seemed that rising temperature increased the metabolism and energy consumption of the amphipods and,meanwhile,decreased the energy used for growth,which may be an important reason for the slow growth and small body size of the amphipods during the summer high-temperature period.

The Rising Importance of Precision Engineering

Precision engineering is the discipline that encompasses the design,development,fabrication,and measurement of parts of a mechanical,optical,or electronic system,in software or in fixtures and other structures.For example,a precision instrument or machine should be able to function or perform at a high accuracy that is many orders of magnitude smaller than the size of the instrument or machine itself.It is critical that such accuracy and accurate performance are repeatable and stable over a designated period.Precision engineering also involves the generation of new knowledge-bases and creation of new technologies which will advance the innovation of such machines,instruments,or systems.

Surface tension effects on the behaviour of a rising bubble driven by buoyancy force

In the inviscid and incompressible fluid flow regime,surface tension effects on the behaviour of an initially spherical buoyancy-driven bubble rising in an infinite and initially stationary liquid are investigated numerically by a volume of fluid （VOF） method. The ratio of the gas density to the liquid density is 0.001, which is close to the case of an air bubble rising in water. It is found by numerical experiment that there exist four critical Weber numbers We1,~We2,~We3 and We4, which distinguish five different kinds of bubble behaviours. It is also found that when 1≤We2, the bubble will finally reach a steady shape, and in this case after it rises acceleratedly for a moment, it will rise with an almost constant speed, and the lower the Weber number is, the higher the speed is. When We 〉We2, the bubble will not reach a steady shape, and in this case it will not rise with a constant speed. The mechanism of the above phenomena has been analysed theoretically and numerically.

Partial Bell Polynomials, Falling and Rising Factorials, Stirling Numbers, and Combinatorial Identities

In the paper,the authors collect,discuss,and find out several connections,equivalences,closed-form formulas,and combinatorial identities concerning partial Bell polynomials,falling factorials,rising factorials,extended binomial coefficients,and the Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds.These results are new,interesting,important,useful,and applicable in combinatorial number theory.

Study on Carburizing and Temperature Rising of the Semi-Steel Melt with Plasma Heating

Experiments were carried out on carburizing and temperature rising of the semi steel melt in a plasma induction furnace.Influence of many factors, such as power supply mode,position of the plasma torch and bottom blown gas stirring,on heating efficiency and melt temperature distribution was studied. Melt temperature could be effectively controlled by plasma heating,and carbon content of semi steel melt increased from 1.92 % to 4.58 %, and the utilization rate of carbon reached up to 61.57 % during carburizing of the melt.

Analysis of the rising and sinking movement of the crust in Qinghai－Xizang Plateau，China

The average swelling height of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(Tibet) is about 4.1 km.The area is about 2 300 000 km2.It is the highest and the largest plateau in the world.Mount Qomolangma,the highest peak in the world,is located in the southern fringe of the plateau,and its height is still increasing.What is the driving force for the rising of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau?How high will the plateau still rise from now on? These questions are much concerned by people.In this paper the distribution of the pressure at different depths in the region of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are derived according to the three-dimensional structures of the S-wave velocity in the crust and upper mantle.The crust and upper mantle structures of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is deliberated on the basis of the distribution with a comprehensive analysis on the rock types,earthquakes and the relative crust movements.Then the two questions raised above are discussed.

Mild spring temperature rising affects the anti-oxidation and immune functions of Asian Short-toed Larks

Background:Predicting the possibility of severe effects of global warming on animals is important for understanding the ecological consequences of climate change on ecosystem.Spring is the season during which birds have to physiologically prepare for the subsequent breeding period,and unusual spring temperature rising probably becomes a heat stress to the birds which have adapted to the low spring temperature.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the physiological effect of spring warming on the temperate birds.Methods:Using the activities of blood anti-oxidative enzymes(SOD,CAT,GPx)and the concentrations of serum immunogloblins(IgA,IgY,IgM)as indicators,we compared the anti-oxidative and immune functions of Asian Shorttoed Larks(Calandrella cheleensis)captured between 10 and 15 March,2015 and housed under conditions of 21°C and 16°C.Results:The SOD activities of birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on all the treatment days.The CAT activities of the birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on the 1 st,5 th,13 th,17 treatment days.The GPx activities of the birds in 21°C group were signifthicantly lower than those in 16°C group on the 1 st,13 th and 17 th,but significantly higher on the 21 st treatment day.The IgA,IgY and IgM concentrations of birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on all the treatment days.Conclusions:This study shows that spring temperature rising negatively influences antioxibative and humoral immune functions,which indicates that spring climate warming might reduce the fitness of the temperate passerine birds which have adapted to the low spring temperature.

Groundwater Rising as Environmental Problem, Causes and Solutions: Case Study from Aswan City, Upper Egypt

This paper examines the rise in the level of the groundwater in the Quaternary aquifer at Aswan city, Upper Egypt. Since the 1960’s, the areal extent of Aswan City and the urban populations are growing at a high pace which introduces new sources of water that increase groundwater recharge. As a result of leakages or infiltrations from different sources, the natural groundwater balance is overturned into an unbalance where the input to water table is comparatively much more than the natural groundwater flow towards the Nile River. The present study shows a variation in the groundwater level, from 1971 up to 2014, where the water table rising ranges between 12.55 and 13.69 m. Also, it shows an abrupt increase in the water levels in 2010 continuing up till now. The groundwater rising phenomena that happened in 2010 can be directly refereed to the cessation of groundwater pumping from El-Shallal wells, and to the reduction of pumping from KIMA factory wells. Generally, the rate of water rising is much higher in the western side of the city and in Kima factory area, where they are characterized by low relief and dense population. The most troublesome groundwater mounds under urban areas are likely to develop in low-lying areas of relatively high permeability aquifer, which is not exploited for water supply. These damages will become more widespread if the rising groundwater table remains uncontrolled.?The environmental impact of the water rising includes: forming ponds in low lying areas (Kima and El Shallal ponds), flooding building’s basements, and inundating underground infrastructure.?A general deterioration in groundwater quality was identified.

China's Rising Role

Along with the progress in breadth and depth of international arms controland disarmament, US-led Western nations are increasingly in need of China’s co-operation. They began to seek consultations and coordination with China. This hasled to China’ s bigger say and rising role in international arms control.

’97return interview with Mr.Yang Zhao——THE RISING SUN IN HONGKONG

Wehave the very reason to believe, one month later, afterthe last piece of British Union Jack flag has no choicebut to be lowered down at the twilight, with the risingbright Five5tar Red Flag, will come the first beam of sun light,marking the beginning of a new epoch in Hong Kong.With only one month to go, the return of Hong Kong hasalready become the hottest topic. Everyone has been quite acquaintedwith the situation, has got something to speak about, and