Level of Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Determinants among High Risk Groups for Severe COVID-19 Infection Living in Mogadishu Somalia

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which is widely referred to as “COVID-19”, has been infecting more than 5.5 million over 144 countries. A vaccine is considered to be the most awaiting intervention and hundreds of global R&D institutions engaged in unprecedented speed to develop the vaccine. The availability of COVID-19 vaccines may not translate into its uptake. Although governments will provide the vaccines, their uptake is voluntary. Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and it’s determinants among high risk groups for severe COVID-19 infection living in Mogadishu Somalia. Methods: The study was cross-sectional, descriptive analysis conducted to obtain reliable information about the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and it is determinants among high-risk groups living in Mogadishu, Somalia. The calculated sample size was 404 using Cochran’s formula = Z2p(1 − p)/d2 and addition of 5% non-respondent rate. According to PESS population estimate in 2020, there are 17 districts. We grouped them into 2 strata and through simple random sampling one district was selected from each strata. After randomly selecting the two districts, three sub districts were randomly selected from each and then every second house (1, 3, 5) in the main roads will be selected. If target population were not found in the second selected house, the next house will be taken until sample size is obtained. Results: 59.4% of respondents were willing to accept and take vaccination while 40.6% of them were not accepting the vaccination. Being afraid of the side effect was the most common reason for not accepting the vaccine Conclusion: More than one third of respondents (40.6%) were not willing to accept the vaccination, knowledge towards COVID-19 was strongly associated with acceptance level of COVID-19 vaccine. Recommendation: Multi-sector organized awareness campaigns involving FMH as well as local authorities and civil society to enhance level of knowledge of community towards COVID-19.

Current molecular methods for the detection of hepatitis C virus in high risk group population:A systematic review

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is an emerging infection worldwide and the numbers of persons infected are increasing every year. Poor blood transfusion methods along with unsafe injection practices are potential sources for the rapid spread of infection. Early detection of HCV is the need of the hour especially in high riskgroup population as these individuals are severely immunocompromised. Enzyme Immunoassays are the most common detection techniques but they provide no evidence of active viremia or identification of infected individuals in the antibody-negative phase and their efficacy is limited in individuals within high risk group population. Molecular virological techniques have an important role in detecting active infection with utmost specificity and sensitivity. Technologies for assessment of HCV antibody and RNA levels have improved remarkably, as well as our understanding of how to best use these tests in patient management. This review aims to give an overview of the different serological and molecular methods employed in detecting HCV infection used nowadays. Additionally, the review gives an insight in the new molecular techniques that are being developed to improve the detection techniques particularly in High Risk Group population who are severely immunocompromised.

COVID-19 associated liver injury:An updated review on the mechanisms and management of risk groups

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been associated with various liver injury cases worldwide.To date,the prevalence,mechanism,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and outcomes of COVID-19-induced liver injury in various at-risk groups are not well defined.Liver injury may arise in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 from direct causes such as viral infection and indirect causes such as systemic inflammation,hypoxic changes,and drugs that exacerbate any pre-existing liver disease.Studies have found that patients with underlying liver disease are at higher risk of COVID-19-induced liver injury.Certain condition of cardiopulmonary and metabolic diseases and vulnerable stages in lifespan may also involve in the development of COVID-19-induced liver injury.This review summarized studies of COVID-19-induced liver injury in different at-risk groups regarding their clinical characteristics,parameters,and correlations of the severity with these indicators and signs as well as potential treatment suggestions,to increase attention to physiological and pathological conditions and continue liver function monitoring as they can help in strengthening early supportive treatment and reducing the incidence of adverse outcomes.

Seroprevalence of <i>Brucella</i>Antibodies and Risk Factors Associated with Human Brucellosis in High-Risk Occupational Groups of the Noun Division in the West Region of Cameroon

Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease with an important public health impact. Although the transmission of Brucella from animals to humans can occur in different epidemiological settings of sub-Saharan African countries, little data has been published on human brucellosis. This study aimed to detect Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated to brucellosis among high-risk occupational groups of people in the Noun Division of Cameroon. For this study, a structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors associated with human brucellosis. Thereafter, blood samples were collected from high-risk occupational groups of people in four villages. Plasma was extracted from each sample and Brucella antibodies were detected using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA). Of the 273 participants enrolled, the overall seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies was 12.45% with RBPT and 10.26% with i-ELISA test. This seroprevalence was significantly (P = 0.04;X2 = 9.73) higher among livestock herdsmen (15.8%), slaughterhouse workers (9.8%), butchers (4.8%), participants having no educational level (14.3%) and those experiencing above 5 years of risky activity (15%). Raw milk consumption (OR: 4.8;P = 0.001), no formal education (OR: 6.4;P = 0.03) and assistance of animal during parturition (OR: 7.2;P < 0.0001) appeared as factors that may increase the risk of Brucella infections. The detection of Brucella antibodies indicates the risk of human brucellosis in some groups of people of the Noun division. Consuming unpasteurized milk, participating in parturition and lacking knowledge on brucellosis appeared as risk factors associated with human brucellosis in western Cameroon. It raises the need of developing and implementing control measures for human and animal brucellosis.

Ritual Immersion in a Mikveh Is Associated with Increased Risk of Group B Streptococcal Carrier State in Israeli Parturient Women

Purpose: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is a major cause of neonatal sepsis. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for GBS carriership among parturient women in Jerusalem. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 436 parturient Jewish women at Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus. The study included patient interview and vagino-rectal swab for culture. Main outcome measures were the prevalence of GBS carriership among study population. Results: Of the 436 participants, 77 had a positive culture for GBS, giving a carrier rate of 17.7%. No differences were found between carriers and non-carriers in age, BMI or parity. Orthodox Jewish women had a significantly higher carrier rate compared with secular Jewish women (20.6% vs. 12.8% respectively), yielding an age, education and BMI adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06 - 3.40). Similarly, ritual immersion was associated with increased risk of carrier state with an adjusted OR of 2.01 (95% CI: 1.03 - 3.92, P = 0.039). Conclusions: Our study suggests an association between ritual immersion in the Mikveh and GBS carriership.

Risk Factors for Group B <i>Streptococcus</i>Colonization and Drugs Sensitivity Pattern in a Nigerian Obstetric Population

Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of bacterial infections in the perinatal period, of which colonization prevalence among Northern-Nigerian pregnant women is scarce. We attempted to determine 1) its prevalence, 2) risk factors for GBS colonization and 3) drugs-susceptibility. Methodology: This cross-sectional study involved 185 pregnant women between 35 - 37 weeks of gestation at tertiary health center of Sokoto, Nigeria. Vaginal/rectal swabs were collected, were cultured for GBS and tested for drug-susceptibilities. The study was conducted between December, 2017 and April, 2018. Results: One hundred and eighty five (185) pregnant women participated in this study. GBS vaginal-colonization-rate was 3.8% (7/185). A significance relationship was observed between GBS-colonization and socio-economic class, as 57.10% (4/7) of the GBS positive women were of low-socio economic class (p 0.035). No associations were observed between GBS-colonization and the followings: maternal age, parity, poor obstetric outcome-history. All the 7 GBS positive cultures were sensitive to Clindamycin. One was sensitive to both Clindamycin and Ceftriaxone. None was sensitive to Penicillin. Conclusion: The prevalence of GBS colonization was low in this area. Maternal socio-economic class is found to be a risk of GBS-colonization.

青少年成人脊髓性肌萎缩症高危人群快速识别方法的探索与展望

脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)是一种罕见的遗传性神经肌肉病,患者临床异质性较大。根据病情轻重和进展速度共分为5型。近年来随着多学科综合管理的推广和疾病修正治疗药物的应用,SMA患者的预后已明显改善,更多患者进入青少年及成人期。不同类型患者在青少年和成人期的状态各不相同,也使得这一年龄段患者表现更加复杂多样,识别与诊断更为困难。中国幅员辽阔、人口众多,不同地区医疗水平不均衡,进一步加剧了青少年及成人SMA患者的诊疗难题,误诊或诊断延迟仍是许多患者未解决的首要问题。患者就诊时首诊科室分布广泛,加强非神经肌肉病专科医生对青少年及成人SMA高危人群的识别具有重要意义。本文尝试探讨一种简单清晰、可操作性强的青少年成人SMA高危人群“画像”式识别方法,以期帮助可能首诊SMA患者的非神经肌肉病专科医生做到早期识别、早期诊断,使患者尽早获得规范治疗,从而进一步提高患者的临床获益,改善患者及其家庭的生活质量。

胃癌高风险人群胃镜筛查行为的质性研究

目的:分析胃癌高风险人群胃镜筛查行为的影响因素。方法:采用目的抽样法,选取2023年9月至10月在南昌市某三甲医院门诊就诊的胃癌高危患者作为研究对象。对研究对象进行半结构式访谈,采用Colaizzi七步法对获得的资料进行整理、分析并提炼出主题。结果:共提炼出7个主题,分别为胃癌高风险人群相关概念、胃癌疾病知识、胃镜筛查认知、对胃镜检查存在负性情绪、缺乏知识获取途径、组织经济因素、需求因素。结论:胃癌高风险人群胃镜筛查行为受多种因素影响,促进胃癌高风险人群进行胃镜筛查应加强胃癌高风险人群识别,推进胃癌及筛查知识的普及,完善医疗政策,提高内镜诊疗水平。

2011—2020年北京市怀柔区耐药结核病高危人群利福平耐药筛查情况分析

目的:通过筛查耐药结核病高危人群,了解北京市怀柔区耐药结核病高危人群利福平耐药情况。方法:统计2011—2020年登记管理的肺结核患者中耐药结核病高危人群筛查情况,包括筛查对象、结核菌培养及药敏试验,对耐药高危人群利福平耐药情况进行分析。结果:2011—2020年北京市怀柔区共登记利福平耐药高危人群130例,完成耐药筛查130例,筛查率为100.00%。实验室污染率为3.08%,其中,涂阳培阴率为34.62%,主要体现在治疗2个月及以上的痰涂片或培养仍为阳性的初治患者中;耐药结核病高危人群培养阳性81例,菌种鉴定为结核分枝杆菌75例,检出利福平耐药23例,检出率为30.67%,明显高于与同期初治培养阳性的肺结核患者利福平耐药检率的3.33%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=40.82,P<0.05)。结论:北京市怀柔区积极开展监测,使利福平耐药结核病能够得到有效的管理和医治,做到早发现、早治疗,避免因贫致病、因病返贫,更重要的是能够有效遏制利福平耐药肺结核的传播风险,减少对人们健康的危害。

生活方式对心血管病高危人群血压控制的影响—基于5年面板数据

目的评价心血管病高危对象血压控制效果,分析生活方式对血压控制的影响。方法对高危人群进行随访和干预,得到连续5年记录完整的高危对象1151人。采用Stata15.0软件,使用面板Logit模型分析生活方式对血压控制的影响。结果干预后高危人群血压控制率从2016的23.8%提高到2020年的38.7%,收缩压和舒张压均值明显下降(P<0.05)。干预后吸烟、饮酒、超重或肥胖等生活方式变化不明显,体育锻炼情况明显改善,“每天锻炼”比例从2016年的22.8%上升到2020年的50.6%。面板Logit模型显示,饮酒(OR=1.523,95%CI:1.159~2.003)、超重或肥胖(OR=2.208,95%CI:1.696~2.874)是血压未控制的危险因素,运动是血压未控制的保护因素,每天运动让血压未控制的危险减低41.9%。结论干预对心血管病高危对象血压控制取得较好效果,饮酒、超重或肥胖等不良生活方式是未来要加强干预的重点。

数字化转型、同群效应与企业风险承担

本文基于数字化浪潮下我国企业风险承担意愿不足的现实背景下,从治理能力提升效应、战略韧性增强效应以及环境不确定性对冲效应三个方面阐释了企业数字化转型影响风险承担水平的作用机理,并从行业和地区两个维度论证了企业数字化转型同群效应现象的存在性及其对企业风险承担水平的外生影响。利用2011—2021年我国A股上市公司面板数据,系统考察了企业数字化转型与企业风险承担之间的关系。研究发现:数字化转型显著提高了企业风险承担水平。作用机制方面,企业数字化转型通过对冲外部环境不确定性、提高企业治理能力以及增强企业战略韧性共同提升了企业风险承担水平。进一步研究发现,我国企业数字化转型行为存在明显的行业同群和地区同群特征且是风险承担水平提升的重要原因,同群效应使得高数字化程度企业群体中存在低风险承担水平企业的比例相对较低。即高数字化与低数字化企业风险承担水平分布呈现了明显的“左截尾”特征。

基于ISM-SD的地下洞室群施工进度风险传递路径研究

针对水电工程地下洞室群施工进度风险存在传递问题,提出了基于解释结构模型(ISM)和系统动力学(SD)的地下洞室群施工进度风险传递路径分析方法。根据地下洞室群的施工特点,建立了地下洞室群施工进度风险指标体系;结合风险传递机理,运用解释结构模型分析风险因素间传递关系,建立了风险因素传递矩阵,并总结归纳出风险因素关系对照表,通过系统动力学分析风险因素间传递路径,揭示了施工进度风险传递路径网络;集成ISM-SD构建了地下洞室群施工进度风险传递路径分析模型,并结合西南地区某大型水电站地下洞室群工程进行分析。结果表明,该方法可有效识别施工进度风险重要因素和关键传递路径,为地下洞室群施工进度风险管理提供了决策依据。

CCCG-ALL-2015方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病复发的危险因素分析

目的分析儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)经中国儿童肿瘤协作组急性淋巴细胞白血病2015方案(Chinese Children's Cancer Group ALL-2015 protocol,CCCG-ALL-2015)治疗后的累积复发率(cumulative incidence of relapse,CIR),并探讨影响复发的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2015年1月—2019年12月接受CCCG-ALL-2015方案治疗的852例患儿的临床资料,计算CIR并分析影响儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)复发的危险因素。结果852例ALL患儿中,146例(17.1%)发生复发,8年CIR为(19.8±1.6)%。B-ALL与急性T淋巴细胞白血病患儿的8年CIR比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。146例复发患儿中,复发时间主要集中于极早期(62例,42.5%)和早期(46例,31.5%),极早期单纯骨髓复发42例(28.8%),早期单纯骨髓复发27例(18.5%)。Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示,融合基因MLLr阳性(HR=4.177,95%CI:2.086~8.364,P<0.001)和第46天微小残留病≥0.01%(HR=2.013,95%CI:1.163~3.483,P=0.012)是B-ALL患儿经CCCG-ALL-2015方案治疗后复发的危险因素。结论儿童ALL经CCCG-ALL-2015方案治疗后仍有较高的复发率,以极早期和早期单纯骨髓复发常见;第46天微小残留病≥0.01%、融合基因MLLr阳性与B-ALL复发密切相关。

社区团购农产品供应链的风险识别与风险网络结构分析——以淘菜菜为例

社区团购农产品供应链风险网络复杂,增加了风险防范的难度。准确识别风险因素,厘清风险外溢路径,对建立与完善社区团购农产品供应链风险管理体系和维持行业健康发展具有重要意义。以电商平台淘菜菜为案例,使用扎根理论及社会网络分析等方法,探究社区团购农产品供应链的风险,构建风险网络,评估风险关联程度,找出风险外溢路径。研究发现:在社区团购农产品供应链的风险网络中,物流方的履约交付、物流方的运输损耗、物流方的节点周转、平台的人员服务、平台的供应链计划、平台的采购交付是关键风险节点,有较强的风险影响能力。风险网络可根据风险节点间的关联程度划分为四个板块,四个板块间存在“溢出—影响—再溢出”的风险外溢路径。当某一风险节点出现问题时,与其隶属同一利益相关者或同一风险范畴的风险节点将会进一步放大风险外溢。鉴于此,找出社区团购农产品供应链的关键风险和外溢路径,有针对性地加强风险管理,强化路径监控,降低关键风险的影响,增强供应链的抗风险能力,可促进社区团购电商平台的可持续发展。

超声造影联合甲胎蛋白测定对高危人群肝细胞癌的临床筛查价值

目的探讨超声造影(CEUS)联合甲胎蛋白(AFP)测定对高危人群肝细胞癌(HCC)的临床筛查价值。方法收集2018年6月至2020年2月在我院接受检查的HCC高危人群117例共138枚肝局灶性病灶的临床资料,以病理结果为金标准,将病灶分为HCC组、非HCC恶性组、良性组,比较三组血清AFP水平、常规超声特征,采用超声造影肝脏影像报告和数据系统(CEUS-LI-RADS)分类标准对病灶进行分类,分析AFP、常规超声、CEUS-LR 4、5类、CEUS-LR 5类对高危人群HCC的诊断价值。结果117例患者共138枚病灶,经病理证实为HCC有77例(87枚),非HCC恶性肿瘤有13例(16枚),良性结节有27例(35枚)。HCC组AFP水平高于非HCC恶性组和良性组,非HCC恶性组高于良性组(P<0.05)。HCC组、非HCC恶性组形态不规则、边界不清、低回声、病灶大小≥3 cm占比高于良性组,HCC组中心血流丰富占比低于非HCC恶性组和良性组(P<0.05)。应用CEUS-LI-RADS分类检出LR1类3枚(2.17%),LR2类9枚(6.52%),LR3类29枚(21.01%),LR 4类13枚(9.42%),LR5类68枚(49.28%),LR-M类16枚(11.59%),常规超声、CEUS-LR4、5类、CEUS-LR5类诊断高危人群HCC的AUC分别为0.747、0.870、0.823,采用CEUS-LR4、5类联合AFP诊断高危人群HCC的AUC为0.923,较单一诊断的敏感度、特异度、约登指数及AUC均明显提高。结论CEUS-LR4、5分类对高危人群HCC的筛查效果优于CEUS-LR5类,CEUSLR4、5类联合AFP检查对高危人群HCC的筛查价值更高。

心血管病高危病人中医体质类型与代谢风险因素的关系

目的:分析心血管病高危人群中医体质类型与心血管代谢风险因素的关系。方法:选取2021年11月—2022年3月山西中医药大学附属医院202例心血管病高危病人为研究对象,采用调查问卷形式评估中医体质类型,收集代谢因素数据,分析中医体质类型和代谢风险因素与心血管疾病发病风险的关系,并针对相关因素为阳性的高危人群做详细对比。结果:202例心血管病高危病人排名前3位的中医体质分别为痰湿质、气虚质、气郁质为主。痰湿质病人腹围、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)明显高于其他体质类型病人;气郁质病人低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)水平高于其他体质病人。结论:心血管病高危病人的中医体质类型以痰湿质、气虚质、气郁质为主,且与心血管代谢风险因素相关。

基于我国葡萄产区单氰胺残留特征评估膳食暴露风险

根据全国范围内葡萄主产区中单氰胺的残留特征,评估不同膳食消费人群的长、短期暴露风险,对于维护居民生命健康、推动生态环境可持续发展意义重大。建立了单氰胺在葡萄基质中的快速、痕量分析测定方法,样品经乙腈提取,分散固相萃取净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UHPLC-MS/MS)分析。葡萄样品中单氰胺的平均回收率为85.0%~92.0%,相对标准偏差为(relative standard deviation, RSD)3.3%~10.5%,保留时间(retention time, RT)和定量限(limit of quantitation, LOQ)分别为1.2 min和0.001 mg·kg^(-1)。冷冻避光条件下单氰胺在葡萄样品中能够稳定储藏至少184 d,降解率为13.9%~24.1%;单氰胺在葡萄中的最终残留量为0.001~0.003 mg·kg^(-1),规范残留试验中值(supervised trials median residue, STMR)为0.002 mg·kg^(-1),最大残留量(highest residue, HR)为0.003 mg·kg^(-1),低于国内外已有最大限量标准(MRLs, 0.05 mg·kg^(-1))。单氰胺在葡萄中的急性膳食风险商为1.600%~25.346%,其中儿童暴露风险最高(ARfD%, 25.346%),依次高于一般人群(ARfD%, 3.623%)和育龄妇女(ARfD%, 1.600%);在登记作物(樱桃、猕猴桃、葡萄)中的慢性膳食风险商为0.290%~4.275%,城镇居民的暴露风险显著高于农村居民(P<0.05),2~6岁儿童群体风险最高(ADI%, 2.763%~4.275%),不同性别间风险差异不显著(P>0.05)。虽然目前单氰胺的短期与长期膳食暴露风险处于可接受范围水平,但考虑到环境投入量增加及其生物链累积作用,未来需警惕多作物、多途径联合暴露风险放大,特别是易感城镇儿童群体。

超声造影对肝细胞癌高危患者肝占位性病变的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨超声造影对肝细胞癌高危患者肝占位性病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2018年9月—2022年6月来院就诊的160例肝细胞癌高危患者肝占位性病变(204个病灶)的影像学资料,所有患者均行超声造影检查,以病理检查为金标准,分析超声造影检查与病理检查的一致性,比较良性肝脏占位性病变与恶性肝脏占位性病变造影检查时开始增强时间、达峰时间和开始消退时间。结果160例肝细胞癌高危患者共有204个肝占位性病变病灶,经手术或穿刺病理检查,共有158个恶性病变,包括93个肝细胞肝癌病灶、56个转移性肝癌病灶和9个胆管细胞型肝癌病灶;46个良性病变,包括34个肝血管瘤、7个肝硬化结节病灶和5个肝脏局灶性结节增生病灶;恶性肝脏占位性病变超声造影检查开始增强时间、达峰时间和开始消退时间均短于良性肝脏占位性病变(P<0.05);204个肝占位性病变病灶中,超声造影检查诊断检出151个恶性病灶与病理诊断一致,37个良性病灶与病理诊断一致,经Kappa一致性检验,Kappa=0.772,P<0.05,2种诊断方法的一致性较好;ROC分析显示,超声造影检查诊断肝细胞癌高危患者肝占位性病变恶性病灶的灵敏度、特异度和约登指数分别为95.57%(151/158),80.43%(37/46),0.760。结论超声造影用于肝细胞癌高危患者肝占位性病变鉴别诊断具有重要价值。

基于AHPSortⅡ的突发事件网络舆情群体极化风险评估研究

[目的/意义]突发事件网络舆情群体极化是危害性最大的舆情演化结果,对突发事件网络舆情群体进行极化风险评估是风险识别与导控策略的启承环节,也是群体极化社会风险管理的重要内容。[方法/过程]本文首先在三元空间视域下构建了突发事件网络舆情群体极化风险结构理论框架,进而提出了群体极化风险评估方法并构建群体极化风险评估指标体系,再基于AHPSortⅡ设计了突发事件网络舆情群体极化风险等级分类评估方法,最后通过过往案例数据进行了实证研究。[结果/结论]本文提出了突发事件网络舆情群体极化风险评估方法,能够实现对群体极化风险等级的划分和计算,为管理部门准确掌握群体极化风险的发生、发展状态与趋势,实现风险的科学分级分类提供理论支撑。

Correlation between X-ray cross-complementing group 1 polymorphisms and the onset risk of glioma A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the association of X-ray cross-complementing group 1 （XRCC1） Arg399GIn, Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms with the risk of glioma. DATA SOURCES： A systematic literature search of papers published from January 2000 to August 2012 in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and Wanfang da- tabase was performed. The key words used were ＂glioma＂, ＂polymorphism＂, and ＂XRCC1 or X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1＂. References cited in the retrieved articles were screened manually to identify additional eligible studies. STUDY SELECTION： Studies were identified according to the following inclusion criteria： case-control design was based on unrelated individuals; and genotype frequency was available to estimate an odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （CI）. Meta-analysis was performed for the selected studies after strict screening. Dominant and recessive genetic models were used and the relationship between homozygous mutant genotype frequencies and mutant gene frequency and glioma incidence was investigated. We chose the fixed or random effect model according to the heterogeneity to calculate OR and 95%CI, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Publication bias was examined using the inverted funnel plot and the Egger＇s test using Stata 12.0 software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Association of XRCC1 Arg399GIn, Arg194Trp, and Arg280His polymorphisms with the risk of glioma, and subgroup analyses were performed according to differ- ent ethnicities of the subjects.RESULTS： Twelve articles were included in the meta-analysis. Eleven of the articles were concerned with the Arg399GIn polymorphism and glioma onset risk. Significantly increased glioma risks were found only in the dominant model （Gin/Gin ＋ GIn/Arg versus Arg/Arg： OR = 1.26, 95%CI= 1.03-1.54, P = 0.02）. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risk was found in Asian subjects in the recessive （OR = 1.46, 95%CI= 1.04-2.45, P = 0.03） and dominant models （OR = 1.40, 95%CI= 1.10-1.78, P = 0.007）, and homozygote contrast （OR = 1.69, 95%CI= 1.17-2.45, P = 0.005）, but not in Caucasian sub- jects. For association of the Arg194Trp （eight studies） and Arg280His （four studies） polymorphisms with glioma risk, the meta-analysis did not reveal a significant effect in the allele contrast, the recessive genetic model, the dominant genetic model, or homozygote contrast. CONCLUSION： The XRCC1 Arg399GIn polymorphism may be a biomarker of glioma susceptibility, espe- cially in Asian populations. The Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms were not associated with overall glioma risk.