Controlling the Risk of Construction Delay in the Middle East： State-of-the-Art Review

The financial crisis in late 2008 arrested economic development in the construction sector in the Middle East, with the result that investors＇ confidence in the sector is severely depressed. Delays constitute one of the highest impediments to project success. In this respect, the traditional management is no longer sufficient for construction project success. The objective of this study is to conduct a literature review to identify additional effective measures for controlling the potential delays risks in construction projects in order to maximize the opportunities for success in those projects. Thirty-six scholarly articles published between 2000 and 2011 are reviewed to identify related MDRC （measures for delays risks control）. This survey reveals that 60% of the studies are related to decision-making, performance, risk management variations and poor management knowledge of stakeholders and that 20% of these studies are undertaken in the Middle East. A further 25% of the studies are related to the lack of financial risk by stakeholders, and of these 14% are in the Middle East. A knowledge gap is identified in terms of project performance, stakeholder management and risk management, which are seen as significant measures of success in controlling project delay.

A machine learning-based study of multifactor susceptibility and risk control of induced seismicity in unconventional reservoirs

A comprehensive dataset from 594 fracturing wells throughout the Duvernay Formation near Fox Creek, Alberta, is collected to quantify the influences of geological, geomechanical, and operational features on the distribution and magnitude of hydraulic fracturing-induced seismicity. An integrated machine learning-based investigation is conducted to systematically evaluate multiple factors that contribute to induced seismicity. Feature importance indicates that a distance to fault, a distance to basement, minimum principal stress, cumulative fluid injection, initial formation pressure, and the number of fracturing stages are among significant model predictors. Our seismicity prediction map matches the observed spatial seismicity, and the prediction model successfully guides the fracturing job size of a new well to reduce seismicity risks. This study can apply to mitigating potential seismicity risks in other seismicity-frequent regions.

Construction Technology and Safety Risk Control Measures of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation

Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example to analyze deep foundation pit excavation technology,including the nature of this construction project,the main technical measures in the construction of deep foundation pit,and the analysis of the safety risk prevention and control measures.The purpose of this analysis is to provide scientific reference for the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits.

Flood risk assessment of check dams in the Wangmaogou watershed on the Loess Plateau of China

Check dams have been widely used in China’s Loess Plateau region due to their effectiveness in erosion and flood control.However,the safety and stability of the check dam decrease with the operation process,which increases the probability of dam failure during flood events and threatens local residents’ life and property.Thus,this study simulated flood process of the check dam failure in the Wangmaogou watershed in Yulin City,Shaanxi Province,China,calculated different types of inundation losses based on the flood inundation area within the watershed,and determined the number of key flood protection check dams by classifying the flood risk levels of the check dams.The results showed that 5 dams in the watershed were subject to overtopping during different rainfall return periods,which was related to their flood discharge capacity.Dam failure flood process showed a rapid growth trend followed by slow decrease,and the time of flood peak advanced with increase in the return period.After harmonization of evaluation scales,the magnitude of flood inundation losses can be ranked as:economic losses(212.409 million yuan) > life losses(10.368 million yuan) > ecological losses(6.433 million yuan).The risk value for both individual dams and the whole dam system decreases as the return period increases.The number of key flood protection check dams in the Wangmaogou watershed was 2,3,3,3,4,and 5 for floods with return periods of 10,20,30,50,100,and 200 years,respectively.The results provided a theoretical basis for the safe operation and risk evaluation of check dams in the Loess Plateau Hills watershed.

Research on Influencing Factors and Countermeasures of Risk Control of State-Owned Enterprises under the Background of Big Data

This study explores the risk control and response strategies of state-owned enterprises in the context of big data.Global economic uncertainty poses new challenges to state-owned enterprises,necessitating innovative risk management approaches.This article proposes response strategies from four key aspects:establishing a proactive risk management culture,building a foundation in technology and data,conducting big data-driven risk analysis,and implementing predictive analysis and real-time monitoring.State-owned enterprises can foster a proactive risk management culture by cultivating employee risk awareness,demonstrating leadership,and establishing transparency and open communication.Additionally,data integration and analysis,leveraging the latest technology,are crucial factors that can help companies better identify risks and opportunities.

Research of Risk Identification and Prevention of Underground Pressure Pipelines Damage Caused by External Disturbance

External disturbance is an important cause of underground pressure pipeline damage,which leads to accidents,and it is crucial to study the risk of damage caused by external disturbance and come up with proper prevention and control measures.We reviewed literature on risk identification of underground pressure pipelines damage due to external disturbance was conducted,and a list of risk factors was formed.Based on the list of risk factors,fault tree analysis was carried out on underground pressure pipelines damage caused by external disturbances,and risk prevention and control measures were proposed through the calculation of minimum cut sets,minimum path sets,and structural importance,in hopes of providing reference for the normal operation of underground pressure pipelines.

Analysis of International Cooperation Management Strategies of Enterprises under the Background of the“Belt and Road”

With the deepening of the“Belt and Road”initiative,Chinese enterprises are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges for international cooperation.This paper mainly analyzes the current situation,existing problems,and coping strategies of enterprise international cooperation management in the context of the“Belt and Road”.This article expounds on the importance of the“Belt and Road”initiative for international cooperation of enterprises and analyzes the key links of international cooperation management of enterprises from the aspects of internationalization strategy,cross-cultural management,risk prevention and control,and resource integration.Finally,combined with the case,this paper puts forward the management strategies and suggestions that enterprises should adopt in international cooperation,to provide a useful reference for Chinese enterprises in international cooperation in the construction of the“Belt and Road.”

Effect of an inpatient nursing risk early warning and control system in Shanghai:A retrospective study of adverse events

Purpose:To avoid the nursing risk of inpatients,reduce the occurrence of nursing errors and improve the safety of inpatients.Methods:We established a nursing risk early warning and control system,which includes a safety supervisory network,risk screening and early warning tools,and a risk control process.Results:The qualified rates of risk control measures to prevent pressure ulcers,unplanned extubation and fall/fall from bed all increased.The incidence of reported nursing errors decreased.The number of mistakes in medication-giving decreased.Conclusion:The establishment of an inpatient early warning and control system could effectively avoid nursing risk,improve risk prevention abilities,improve patient safety,and improve nursing quality.

Reservoir-induced landslides and risk control in Three Gorges Project on Yangtze River,China

The Three Gorges region in China was basically a geohazard-prone area prior to construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR）. After construction of the TGR, the water level was raised from 70 m to 175 m above sea level （ASL）, and annual reservoir regulation has caused a 30-m water level difference after impoundment of the TGR since September 2008. This paper first presents the spatiotemporal distribution of landslides in six periods of 175 m ASL trial impoundments from 2008 to 2014. The results show that the number of landslides sharply decreased from 273 at the initial stage to less than ten at the second stage of impoundment. Based on this, the reservoir-induced landslides in the TGR region can be roughly classified into five failure patterns, i.e. accumulation landslide, dip-slope landslide, reversed bedding landslide, rockfall, and karst breccia landslide. The accumulation landslides and dip-slope landslides account for more than 90%. Taking the Shuping accumulation landslide （a sliding mass volume of 20.7 × 106 m^3） in Zigui County and the Outang dip-slope landslide （a sliding mass volume of about 90 × 106 m^3） in Fengjie County as two typical cases, the mechanisms of reactivation of the two landslides are analyzed. The monitoring data and factor of safety （FOS） calculation show that the accumulation landslide is dominated by water level variation in the reservoir as most part of the mass body is under 175 m ASL, and the dip-slope landslide is controlled by the coupling effect of reservoir water level variation and precipitation as an extensive recharge area of rainfall from the rear and the front mass is below 175 m ASL. The characteristics of landslide-induced impulsive wave hazards after and before reservoir impoundment are studied, and the probability of occurrence of a landslide-induced impulsive wave hazard has increased in the reservoir region. Simulation results of the Ganjingzi landslide in Wushan County indicate the strong relationship between landslide-induced surge and water variation with high potential risk to shipping and residential areas. Regarding reservoir regulation in TGR when using a single index, i.e. 1-d water level variation, water resources are not well utilized, and there is also potential risk of disasters since 2008. In addition, various indices such as 1-d, 5-d, and 10-d water level variations are proposed for reservoir regulation. Finally, taking reservoir-induced landslides in June 2015 for example, the feasibility of the optimizing indices of water level variations is verified.

Formal Safety Assessment of a Marine Seismic Survey Vessel Operation,Incorporating Risk Matrix and Fault Tree Analysis

In maritime safety research,risk is assessed usually within the framework of formal safety assessment(FSA),which provides a formal and systematic methodology to improve the safety of lives,assets,and the environment.A bespoke application of FSA to mitigate accidents in marine seismic surveying is put forward in this paper,with the aim of improving the safety of seismic vessel operations,within the context of developing an economically viable strategy.The work herein takes a close look at the hazards in North Sea offshore seismic surveying,in order to identify critical risk factors,leading to marine seismic survey accidents.The risk factors leading to undesirable events are analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively.A risk matrix is introduced to screen the identified undesirable events.Further to the screening,Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)is presented to investigate and analyse the most critical risks of seismic survey operation,taking into account the lack of historical data.The obtained results show that man overboard(MOB)event is a major risk factor in marine seismic survey operation;lack of training on safe work practice,slippery deck as a result of rain,snow or water splash,sea state affecting human judgement,and poor communication are identified as the critical risk contributors to the MOB event.Consequently,the risk control options are focused on the critical risk contributors for decision-making.Lastly,suggestions for the introduction and development of the FSA methodology are highlighted for safer marine and offshore operations in general.

An integrated risk sensing system for geo-structural safety

Over the last decades,geo-structures are experiencing a rapid development in China.The potential risks inherent in the huge amount of construction and asset operation projects in China were well managed in the major project,i.e.the project of Shanghai Yangtze tunnel in 2002.Since then,risk assessment of geostructures has been gradually developed from a qualitative manner to a quantitative manner.However,the current practices of risk management have been paid considerable attention to the assessment,but little on risk control.As a result,the responses to risks occurrences after a comprehensive assessment are basically too late.In this paper,a smart system for risk sensing incorporating the wireless sensor network(WSN) on-site visualization techniques and the resilience-based repair strategy was proposed.The merit of this system is the real-time monitoring for geo-structural performance and dynamic pre-warning for safety of on-site workers.The sectional convergence,joint opening,and seepage of segmental lining of shield tunnel were monitored by the micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS) based sensors.The light emitting diode(LED) coupling with the above WSN system was used to indicate different risk levels on site.By sensing the risks and telling the risks in real time,the geo-risks could be controlled and the safety of geo-structures could be assured to a certain degree.Finally,a resilience-based analysis model was proposed for designing the repair strategy by using the measured data from the WSN system.The application and efficiency of this system have been validated by two cases including Shanghai metro tunnel and underwater road tunnel.

Formation,distribution and risk control of landslides in China

China is a country with a large population as well as frequent landslides. The formation and distribution of landslides in China are determined by its special topography, complex geological environment, active earthquake environment and unusual climate features. This paper analyzes the main features and distribution of 200 catastrophic landslides that occurred in China since 1900. The relationships among the distribution of landslides and topographic conditions, geological structure, climate features and strong earthquake environment are analyzed. The features of landslide-triggering factors and critical conditions in different areas have also been considered. Based on the above-mentioned work, the authors have undertaken the studies of landslide susceptibility assessment. The study is performed according to the topographic and geological features, which are the main triggering factors that affect the landslides. The China’s mainland can be divided into 12 zones, including 4 high susceptibility zones, 7 medium susceptibility zones and 1 low susceptibility zone, according to landslide proneness. Considering the number of life loss and extent of property loss caused by landslides in those 12 zones, the risk evaluation results are listed as follows: 2 extremely high-risk zones, 5 high-risk zones, 2 medium-risk zones and 3 low-risk zones. Taking the number of life loss caused by landslides as the standard of risk level, the paper also analyzes the change in landslide risk level and main risk control measures in China since 1990s. Based on the risk level of landslides in other countries or regions, the acceptable landslide risk level in China has been proposed.

Security Risk Prevention and Control Deployment for 5G Private Industrial Networks

In this paper,we investigate and analyze the network security risks faced by 5G private industrial networks.Based on current network security architecture and 3GPP requirements and considering the actual application of 5G private industrial networks,a comparative analysis is used to plan and design a private network security construction scheme.The network security construction model,network organization,and key processes of 5G private industrial networks at the current stage are investigated.In addition,the key direction for the next stage of construction is discussed.

Big Data Audit of Banks Based on Fuzzy Set Theory to Evaluate Risk Level

The arrival of big data era has brought new opportunities and challenges to the development of various industries in China.The explosive growth of commercial bank data has brought great pressure on internal audit.The key audit of key products limited to key business areas can no longer meet the needs.It is difficult to find abnormal and exceptional risks only by sampling analysis and static analysis.Exploring the organic integration and business processing methods between big data and bank internal audit,Internal audit work can protect the stable and sustainable development of banks under the new situation.Therefore,based on fuzzy set theory,this paper determines the membership degree of audit data through membership function,and judges the risk level of audit data,and builds a risk level evaluation system.The main features of this paper are as follows.First,it analyzes the necessity of transformation of the bank auditing in the big data environment.The second is to combine the determination of the membership function in the fuzzy set theory with the bank audit analysis,and use the model to calculate the corresponding parameters,thus establishing a risk level assessment system.The third is to propose audit risk assessment recommendations,hoping to help bank audit risk management in the big data environment.There are some shortcomings in this paper.First,the amount of data acquired is not large enough.Second,due to the lack of author’knowledge,there are still some deficiencies in the analysis of audit risk of commercial banks.

Risk Control of Transmission Line Overload for Wind-Integrated Power Systems

With the rapid development of the wind generation,uncertainties of random wind and load bring some inevitable impacts on the security of power system. Once the uncertainty causes line power to exceed its limit, line overload will occur. The paper presents the risk control of transmission line overload for windintegrated power systems. Firstly, a risk control model of line overload is proposed considering the uncertainties of loads,generator outputs and wind powers. The generation cost and security level of system associated with overload can be optimally controlled. Then path following interior point method is employed to carry out the optimal control. Finally the simulation is made on the modified IEEE-30 bus system. Results show that the risk of line overload is effectively reduced through the optimization of control variables.

Risk management in open cut coal mines

There are a number of geotechnical systems used at open cut operations of Anglo American's Metallurgical Coal business unit in Australia. These systems are mainly mine site specific, based on geological information and used as hazard plans. They are qualitative and reliant upon the experienced judgement of site based engineers and the general workforce. They are not suitable for calculating the associated risks of geological structures and mining responses. A uniform risk rating system that can be used to provide an unbiased, standard and quantifiable assessment of the risk from highwall and lowwall failures is therefore developed using the experience gained with such systems in Anglo American's South African operations. This system is a semi-quantitative risk rating system and takes into account the relative differences in the importance of hazards as experienced at each mine site as a result of different combinations of geotechnical factors and mining conditions. It is based on critical geotechnical and other parameters that have been identified by site mining engineers, geologists and geotechnical engineers. The primary advantage of this risk rating system is that all open cut mines in the Anglo American's Metallurgical Coal operations use a near identical system, which enables the user to compare the risk after each blast and with other mines. The system can be adjusted to meet local mine specific requirements. The implementation of this system, a computer program that automatically calculates the risks and recommends predetermined controls, has been made as practical and as easy to use as possible. This program can be used by personnel from other mining disciplines not directly related to geotechnical engineering.

A Novel Method for Assessing and Optimizing Software Project Process Based Risk Control

A new approach for assessing and optimizing software project process based on software risk control presented, which evaluates and optimizes software project process from the view of controlling the software project risks. A model for optimizing software risk control is given, a discrete optimization algorithm based on dynamic programruing is proposed and an example of using above method to solve a problem is also included in this paper. By improving the old passive post-project control into an active effective preaction, this new method can greatly promote the possibility of success of software projects.

Study on models for control of interest rate risks

Analyses different interest rate risks, presents a new model for assessment of interest rates and thereby establishes the framework for control of interest

Study the closed loop management system for the coal mines based on risk management

In recent years, the coal safety has been become the urgent problem in China,and severe and fatal coal mine accidents occurred frequently.Must pay attention to coal safety management immediately, because the coal mine accidents not only caused serious economic losses to the country and people but also had negative impact on the society and politics.A closed loop management system was put forward to build to improve the coal safety management.The closed loop management system was formed four parts,identifying the hazard sources, classifying the hidden troubles hazard sources, the risk prealarm and risk control, and the evaluation system.