Albuminuria predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) events but it is likely to vary over time in a nonlinear fashion. The aim of this study was to estimate the potentially differing predictive effect of albuminuria on t...Albuminuria predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) events but it is likely to vary over time in a nonlinear fashion. The aim of this study was to estimate the potentially differing predictive effect of albuminuria on the risk of CVD or related death over time. Data were from a cohort study of 3505 predominately indigenous adults from remote communities in Queensland,Australia, 1999-2006. Cox Proportional Hazards model analysis of the predictive effects of urinary albumin creatinine ratio on the risk of CVD or CVD-related death was undertaken for incident and prevalent CVD. Analyses sequentially removed those who had a cardiovascular event or related death for the first year through to six years. The baseline prevalence of microalbuminuria was 21.2% and for macroalbuminuria 6.7%. The incidence of CVD was92 in13,812 person-years. Microalbuminuria predicted incident CVD with a Hazard Ratio (HR) of 3.0 (95% CI 1.83 - 4.96) and for macroalbuminuria HR 10.8 (95% CI 6.58 - 17.68) and for those with pre-existing CVD, HR 2.6 (95% CI 1.65 - 3.97) and HR 9.7 (95% CI 6.38 - 14.82) respectively. People with macroalbuminuria who survived the first three years had a crude HR of an incident cardiovascular event or death of 13.0 (95% CI 6.45 - 26.39) to a peak of 32.3 (95% CI 8.55 - 121.77) for those who survived the first five years. The hazard appeared to drop in the 6th year although this is based on small numbers.The first three years after finding macroalbuminuria provide a potential window opportunity to actively manage the risk of incident CVD before the risk elevates.展开更多
BACKGROUND A number of recent studies indicate a transformation in the natural course of chronic kidney disease(CKD)in type 2 diabetes(T2D)patients:an increasing prevalence of declined renal function without proceedin...BACKGROUND A number of recent studies indicate a transformation in the natural course of chronic kidney disease(CKD)in type 2 diabetes(T2D)patients:an increasing prevalence of declined renal function without proceeding to the accompanying elevation of albuminuria.It has been suggested that albuminuric and nonalbuminuric CKD patterns could be different in their phenotypes and pathogenic mechanisms.AIM To identify the risk factors and biomarkers of albuminuric and non-albuminuric patterns of CKD in patients with T2D.METHODS Three hundred sixty patients with T2D duration≥10 years were included in this observational cross-sectional study.The associations of a panel of demographic and clinical characteristics,complications,comorbidities,and metabolic and hematology parameters with albuminuric and non-albuminuric CKD patterns were analyzed.The urinary excretion of nephrin and podocin,two podocytespecific markers,and WAP-four-disulfide core domain protein 2(WFDC-2),a marker of tubulointerstitial fibrosis,was determined by ELISA in comparison with healthy controls.RESULTS Non-albuminuric CKD was associated with age≥65 years(P=0.0001),female sex(P=0.04),diabetes duration≥15 years(P=0.0009),and the use of diuretics(P=0.0005).Male sex(P=0.01),smoking(P=0.01),waist-to-hip ratio>1.0(P=0.01)and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)>8.0%(P=0.005)were risk factors for elevated albuminuria not accompanied by a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).Duration of diabetes≥15 years and the use of calcium channel blockers were risk factors for albuminuria with decreased eGFR(both P=0.01).In multivariate logistic regression analysis,age,HbA1c,female sex and diuretics were significant predictors for reduced eGFR,while waist-to-hip ratio,HbA1c and male sex were associated with elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR).Excretion of nephrin and podocin was increased in patients with albuminuria,regardless of decline in renal function(P<0.001),correlating positively with UACR.The urinary excretion of WFDC-2 was markedly higher in men than in women(P<0.000001).Men with T2D demonstrated increased WFDC-2 levels independently of the CKD pattern(all P<0.05).In T2D women,WFDC-2 excretion was increased in those with reduced renal function(P≤0.01),correlating negatively with eGFR.CONCLUSION The data provide further evidence that albuminuric and non-albuminuric CKD phenotypes correspond to different pathways of diabetic kidney disease progression.展开更多
In patients with primary hypertension,therapeutic strategies should be based on global cardiovascular risk profile rather than on the severity of blood pressure alone.Accurate assessment of concomitant risk factors an...In patients with primary hypertension,therapeutic strategies should be based on global cardiovascular risk profile rather than on the severity of blood pressure alone.Accurate assessment of concomitant risk factors and especially of the presence and extent of subclinical organ damage is of paramount importance in definingindividual risk.Given the high prevalence of hypertension in the population at large,however,extensive diagnostic evaluation is often impractical or unfeasible in clinical practice.Low cost,easy to use markers of risk are needed to improve the clinical management of patients with hypertension.Early renal abnormalities such as a slight reduction in glomerular filtration rate and/or the presence of microalbuminuria are well known and powerful predictors of cardio-renal morbidity and mortality and provide a useful,low cost tools to optimize cardiovascular risk assessment.A greater use of these tests should therefore be implemented in clinical practice in order to optimize the management of hypertensive patients.展开更多
目的分析脑梗死患者脑白质疏松(leukoaraiosis,LA)与24 h尿微量白蛋白排泄率(urine microalbumin excretion,UAER)的相关性。方法选择2011年6～12月住南京军区南京总医院所有首次急性脑梗死患者120例,根据是否合并LA分为LA组45例,无LA...目的分析脑梗死患者脑白质疏松(leukoaraiosis,LA)与24 h尿微量白蛋白排泄率(urine microalbumin excretion,UAER)的相关性。方法选择2011年6～12月住南京军区南京总医院所有首次急性脑梗死患者120例,根据是否合并LA分为LA组45例,无LA组75例,详细记录患者一般临床资料,检测24 h UAER及空腹血糖、血脂等生化指标。比较2组一般临床危险因素及24 h UAER,并进行多因素回归分析。结果 120例脑梗死患者中,合并LA 45例,占37.5%。与无LA组比较,LA组患者年龄、高血压发生率、24 h UAER水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);LA与24 h UAER水平呈正相关(r=0.681,P<0.01);24 h UAER(OR=1.100,95%CI:1.03～1.17,P=0.002)是LA的独立危险因素。结论 LA与24 h UAER密切相关,24 h UAER可以作为小血管病损伤的一个标记物,对LA的诊断和治疗有重要意义。展开更多
文摘Albuminuria predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) events but it is likely to vary over time in a nonlinear fashion. The aim of this study was to estimate the potentially differing predictive effect of albuminuria on the risk of CVD or related death over time. Data were from a cohort study of 3505 predominately indigenous adults from remote communities in Queensland,Australia, 1999-2006. Cox Proportional Hazards model analysis of the predictive effects of urinary albumin creatinine ratio on the risk of CVD or CVD-related death was undertaken for incident and prevalent CVD. Analyses sequentially removed those who had a cardiovascular event or related death for the first year through to six years. The baseline prevalence of microalbuminuria was 21.2% and for macroalbuminuria 6.7%. The incidence of CVD was92 in13,812 person-years. Microalbuminuria predicted incident CVD with a Hazard Ratio (HR) of 3.0 (95% CI 1.83 - 4.96) and for macroalbuminuria HR 10.8 (95% CI 6.58 - 17.68) and for those with pre-existing CVD, HR 2.6 (95% CI 1.65 - 3.97) and HR 9.7 (95% CI 6.38 - 14.82) respectively. People with macroalbuminuria who survived the first three years had a crude HR of an incident cardiovascular event or death of 13.0 (95% CI 6.45 - 26.39) to a peak of 32.3 (95% CI 8.55 - 121.77) for those who survived the first five years. The hazard appeared to drop in the 6th year although this is based on small numbers.The first three years after finding macroalbuminuria provide a potential window opportunity to actively manage the risk of incident CVD before the risk elevates.
文摘BACKGROUND A number of recent studies indicate a transformation in the natural course of chronic kidney disease(CKD)in type 2 diabetes(T2D)patients:an increasing prevalence of declined renal function without proceeding to the accompanying elevation of albuminuria.It has been suggested that albuminuric and nonalbuminuric CKD patterns could be different in their phenotypes and pathogenic mechanisms.AIM To identify the risk factors and biomarkers of albuminuric and non-albuminuric patterns of CKD in patients with T2D.METHODS Three hundred sixty patients with T2D duration≥10 years were included in this observational cross-sectional study.The associations of a panel of demographic and clinical characteristics,complications,comorbidities,and metabolic and hematology parameters with albuminuric and non-albuminuric CKD patterns were analyzed.The urinary excretion of nephrin and podocin,two podocytespecific markers,and WAP-four-disulfide core domain protein 2(WFDC-2),a marker of tubulointerstitial fibrosis,was determined by ELISA in comparison with healthy controls.RESULTS Non-albuminuric CKD was associated with age≥65 years(P=0.0001),female sex(P=0.04),diabetes duration≥15 years(P=0.0009),and the use of diuretics(P=0.0005).Male sex(P=0.01),smoking(P=0.01),waist-to-hip ratio>1.0(P=0.01)and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)>8.0%(P=0.005)were risk factors for elevated albuminuria not accompanied by a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).Duration of diabetes≥15 years and the use of calcium channel blockers were risk factors for albuminuria with decreased eGFR(both P=0.01).In multivariate logistic regression analysis,age,HbA1c,female sex and diuretics were significant predictors for reduced eGFR,while waist-to-hip ratio,HbA1c and male sex were associated with elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR).Excretion of nephrin and podocin was increased in patients with albuminuria,regardless of decline in renal function(P<0.001),correlating positively with UACR.The urinary excretion of WFDC-2 was markedly higher in men than in women(P<0.000001).Men with T2D demonstrated increased WFDC-2 levels independently of the CKD pattern(all P<0.05).In T2D women,WFDC-2 excretion was increased in those with reduced renal function(P≤0.01),correlating negatively with eGFR.CONCLUSION The data provide further evidence that albuminuric and non-albuminuric CKD phenotypes correspond to different pathways of diabetic kidney disease progression.
文摘In patients with primary hypertension,therapeutic strategies should be based on global cardiovascular risk profile rather than on the severity of blood pressure alone.Accurate assessment of concomitant risk factors and especially of the presence and extent of subclinical organ damage is of paramount importance in definingindividual risk.Given the high prevalence of hypertension in the population at large,however,extensive diagnostic evaluation is often impractical or unfeasible in clinical practice.Low cost,easy to use markers of risk are needed to improve the clinical management of patients with hypertension.Early renal abnormalities such as a slight reduction in glomerular filtration rate and/or the presence of microalbuminuria are well known and powerful predictors of cardio-renal morbidity and mortality and provide a useful,low cost tools to optimize cardiovascular risk assessment.A greater use of these tests should therefore be implemented in clinical practice in order to optimize the management of hypertensive patients.
文摘目的分析脑梗死患者脑白质疏松(leukoaraiosis,LA)与24 h尿微量白蛋白排泄率(urine microalbumin excretion,UAER)的相关性。方法选择2011年6～12月住南京军区南京总医院所有首次急性脑梗死患者120例,根据是否合并LA分为LA组45例,无LA组75例,详细记录患者一般临床资料,检测24 h UAER及空腹血糖、血脂等生化指标。比较2组一般临床危险因素及24 h UAER,并进行多因素回归分析。结果 120例脑梗死患者中,合并LA 45例,占37.5%。与无LA组比较,LA组患者年龄、高血压发生率、24 h UAER水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);LA与24 h UAER水平呈正相关(r=0.681,P<0.01);24 h UAER(OR=1.100,95%CI:1.03～1.17,P=0.002)是LA的独立危险因素。结论 LA与24 h UAER密切相关,24 h UAER可以作为小血管病损伤的一个标记物,对LA的诊断和治疗有重要意义。
