Natural disaster risk monitoring is an important task for disaster prevention and reduction.In the case of immovable cultural relics,however,the feedback mechanism,risk factors,monitoring logic,and monitoring indicato...Natural disaster risk monitoring is an important task for disaster prevention and reduction.In the case of immovable cultural relics,however,the feedback mechanism,risk factors,monitoring logic,and monitoring indicators of natural disaster risk monitoring are complex.How to achieve intelligent perception and monitoring of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics has always been a focus and a challenge for researchers.Based on the analysis of the concepts and issues related to the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics,this paper proposes a framework for natural disaster risk monitoring for immovable cultural relics based on the digital twin.This framework focuses on risk monitoring,including the physical entities of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics,monitoring indicators,and virtual entity construction.A platform for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics is proposed.Using the Puzhou Ancient City Site as a test bed,the proposed concept can be used for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics at different scales.展开更多
Methods of rainstorm disaster risk monitoring(RDRM)based on retrieved satellite rainfall data are studied.Due to significant regional differences,the global rainstorm disasters are not only affected by geography(such ...Methods of rainstorm disaster risk monitoring(RDRM)based on retrieved satellite rainfall data are studied.Due to significant regional differences,the global rainstorm disasters are not only affected by geography(such as topography and surface properties),but also by climate events.It is necessary to study rainstorm disaster-causing factors,hazard-formative environments,and hazard-affected incidents based on the climate distribution of precipitation and rainstorms worldwide.According to a global flood disaster dataset for the last 20 years,the top four flood disaster causes(accounting for 96.8%in total)related to rainstorms,from most to least influential,are heavy rain(accounting for 61.6%),brief torrential rain(16.7%),monsoonal rain(9.4%),and tropical cyclone/storm rain(9.1%).A dynamic global rainstorm disaster threshold is identified by using global climate data based on 3319 rainstorm-induced floods and rainfall data retrieved by satellites in the last 20 years.Taking the 7-day accumulated rainfall,3-and 12-h maximum rainfall,24-h rainfall,rainstorm threshold,and others as the main parameters,a rainstorm intensity index is constructed.Calculation and global mapping of hazard-formative environmental factor and hazard-affected body factor of rainstorm disasters are performed based on terrain and river data,population data,and economic data.Finally,a satellite remote sensing RDRM model is developed,incorporating the above three factors(rainstorm intensity index,hazard-formative environment factor,and hazard-affected body factor).The results show that the model can well capture the rainstorm disasters that happened in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China and in South Asia in 2020.展开更多
Recently,I attended a conference organised by the European Food Safety Authority in the beautiful and prosperous Italian city of Parma.The overall topic of the conference was risk assessment,and the program included a...Recently,I attended a conference organised by the European Food Safety Authority in the beautiful and prosperous Italian city of Parma.The overall topic of the conference was risk assessment,and the program included a section on aspects of environmental risk assessment.In various areas,including the evalution of the effects of pesticide applications,invasive organisms or genetically modified plants(Arpaia et al.,2014)preparing an environmental risk assessment is an obviously relevant exercise.展开更多
Numerous studies have been performed to better understand the behavior of wake vortices with regards to aircraft characteristics and weather conditionsover the pastten years. These studies have led to the development ...Numerous studies have been performed to better understand the behavior of wake vortices with regards to aircraft characteristics and weather conditionsover the pastten years. These studies have led to the development of the aircraft RECATegorization(RECAT) programs in Europe and in USA. Its phase one focused on redefining distance separation matrix with six static aircraft wake turbulence categories instead of three with the current International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) regulations. In Europe, the RECAT-EU regulation is now entering under operational implementation atseveral key airports. As proven by several research projects in the past, LIght Detection And Ranging(LIDAR) sensors are considered as the ground truth wake vortex measurements for assessing the safety impact of a new wake turbulence regulation at an airport in quantifying the risks given the local specificities. LIDAR's can also be used to perform risk monitoring after the implementation. In this paper, the principle to measure wake vortices with scanning coherent Doppler LIDARs is described as well as its dedicated post-processing. Finally the use of WINDCUBELIDAR based solution for supporting the implementation of new wake turbulenceregulation is described along with satisfyingresults that have permitted the monitoring of the wake vortex encounter risk after the implementation of a new wake turbulence regulation.展开更多
Overcrowding and stampedes may occur in public places with the gathering of crowds.To mitigate and prevent risk,the accident mechanism and methods for monitoring and evaluating crowd-gathering risk were investigated.R...Overcrowding and stampedes may occur in public places with the gathering of crowds.To mitigate and prevent risk,the accident mechanism and methods for monitoring and evaluating crowd-gathering risk were investigated.Related studies are reviewed and summarized in this paper.The evolution process of crowd-gathering risk and precipitating factors were explained systematically.Risk monitoring methods are classified into three types according to the key technologies adopted.Articles exploring risk evaluation methods for crowd gathering are outlined,and the three main paradigms were formed.Finally,the shortcomings and future research points are summarized to promote more in-depth and comprehensive studies on crowd-gathering risk,develop monitoring technologies,and build an integrated system of risk management.展开更多
Despite frequent use of digital devices in everyday life,cost-effective measurement of public health issues in urban areas is still challenging.This study was,therefore,planned to extract land-use types using object-b...Despite frequent use of digital devices in everyday life,cost-effective measurement of public health issues in urban areas is still challenging.This study was,therefore,planned to extract land-use types using object-based and spatial metric approaches to explore the dengue incidence in relation to the surrounding environment in near real-time using Google and Advanced Land Observation Satellite images.The characterised image showed useful classification of an urban areawith 77%accuracy and 0.68 kappa.Geospatial analysis on public health data indicated that most of the dengue cases were found in densely populated areas surrounded by dense vegetation.People living in independent houses having sparsely vegetated surroundings were found to be less vulnerable.Disease incidence was more prevalent in people of 5-24 years of age(67%);while in terms of occupation,mostly students,the unemployed,labourers and farmers(88%)were affected.In general,males were affected slightly more(10%)than females.Proximity analyses indicated that most of the dengue cases were around institutions(40%),religious places(18%)and markets(15%).Thus,usage of Digital Earth scalable tools for monitoring health issues would open new ways for maintaining a healthy and sustainable society in the years ahead.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42171444,42301516)Beijing Natural Science Foundation Project-Municipal Education Commission Joint Fund Project(No.KZ202110016021)Beijing Municipal Education Commission Scientific Research Project-Science and Technology Plan General Project(No.KM202110016005).
文摘Natural disaster risk monitoring is an important task for disaster prevention and reduction.In the case of immovable cultural relics,however,the feedback mechanism,risk factors,monitoring logic,and monitoring indicators of natural disaster risk monitoring are complex.How to achieve intelligent perception and monitoring of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics has always been a focus and a challenge for researchers.Based on the analysis of the concepts and issues related to the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics,this paper proposes a framework for natural disaster risk monitoring for immovable cultural relics based on the digital twin.This framework focuses on risk monitoring,including the physical entities of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics,monitoring indicators,and virtual entity construction.A platform for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics is proposed.Using the Puzhou Ancient City Site as a test bed,the proposed concept can be used for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics at different scales.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1506500)Open Research Fund of Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(SZKT2016001)。
文摘Methods of rainstorm disaster risk monitoring(RDRM)based on retrieved satellite rainfall data are studied.Due to significant regional differences,the global rainstorm disasters are not only affected by geography(such as topography and surface properties),but also by climate events.It is necessary to study rainstorm disaster-causing factors,hazard-formative environments,and hazard-affected incidents based on the climate distribution of precipitation and rainstorms worldwide.According to a global flood disaster dataset for the last 20 years,the top four flood disaster causes(accounting for 96.8%in total)related to rainstorms,from most to least influential,are heavy rain(accounting for 61.6%),brief torrential rain(16.7%),monsoonal rain(9.4%),and tropical cyclone/storm rain(9.1%).A dynamic global rainstorm disaster threshold is identified by using global climate data based on 3319 rainstorm-induced floods and rainfall data retrieved by satellites in the last 20 years.Taking the 7-day accumulated rainfall,3-and 12-h maximum rainfall,24-h rainfall,rainstorm threshold,and others as the main parameters,a rainstorm intensity index is constructed.Calculation and global mapping of hazard-formative environmental factor and hazard-affected body factor of rainstorm disasters are performed based on terrain and river data,population data,and economic data.Finally,a satellite remote sensing RDRM model is developed,incorporating the above three factors(rainstorm intensity index,hazard-formative environment factor,and hazard-affected body factor).The results show that the model can well capture the rainstorm disasters that happened in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China and in South Asia in 2020.
文摘Recently,I attended a conference organised by the European Food Safety Authority in the beautiful and prosperous Italian city of Parma.The overall topic of the conference was risk assessment,and the program included a section on aspects of environmental risk assessment.In various areas,including the evalution of the effects of pesticide applications,invasive organisms or genetically modified plants(Arpaia et al.,2014)preparing an environmental risk assessment is an obviously relevant exercise.
文摘Numerous studies have been performed to better understand the behavior of wake vortices with regards to aircraft characteristics and weather conditionsover the pastten years. These studies have led to the development of the aircraft RECATegorization(RECAT) programs in Europe and in USA. Its phase one focused on redefining distance separation matrix with six static aircraft wake turbulence categories instead of three with the current International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) regulations. In Europe, the RECAT-EU regulation is now entering under operational implementation atseveral key airports. As proven by several research projects in the past, LIght Detection And Ranging(LIDAR) sensors are considered as the ground truth wake vortex measurements for assessing the safety impact of a new wake turbulence regulation at an airport in quantifying the risks given the local specificities. LIDAR's can also be used to perform risk monitoring after the implementation. In this paper, the principle to measure wake vortices with scanning coherent Doppler LIDARs is described as well as its dedicated post-processing. Finally the use of WINDCUBELIDAR based solution for supporting the implementation of new wake turbulenceregulation is described along with satisfyingresults that have permitted the monitoring of the wake vortex encounter risk after the implementation of a new wake turbulence regulation.
基金This work was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.71725006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72034004 and 72004226).
文摘Overcrowding and stampedes may occur in public places with the gathering of crowds.To mitigate and prevent risk,the accident mechanism and methods for monitoring and evaluating crowd-gathering risk were investigated.Related studies are reviewed and summarized in this paper.The evolution process of crowd-gathering risk and precipitating factors were explained systematically.Risk monitoring methods are classified into three types according to the key technologies adopted.Articles exploring risk evaluation methods for crowd gathering are outlined,and the three main paradigms were formed.Finally,the shortcomings and future research points are summarized to promote more in-depth and comprehensive studies on crowd-gathering risk,develop monitoring technologies,and build an integrated system of risk management.
文摘Despite frequent use of digital devices in everyday life,cost-effective measurement of public health issues in urban areas is still challenging.This study was,therefore,planned to extract land-use types using object-based and spatial metric approaches to explore the dengue incidence in relation to the surrounding environment in near real-time using Google and Advanced Land Observation Satellite images.The characterised image showed useful classification of an urban areawith 77%accuracy and 0.68 kappa.Geospatial analysis on public health data indicated that most of the dengue cases were found in densely populated areas surrounded by dense vegetation.People living in independent houses having sparsely vegetated surroundings were found to be less vulnerable.Disease incidence was more prevalent in people of 5-24 years of age(67%);while in terms of occupation,mostly students,the unemployed,labourers and farmers(88%)were affected.In general,males were affected slightly more(10%)than females.Proximity analyses indicated that most of the dengue cases were around institutions(40%),religious places(18%)and markets(15%).Thus,usage of Digital Earth scalable tools for monitoring health issues would open new ways for maintaining a healthy and sustainable society in the years ahead.