Integrated assessment of river health based on water quality, aquatic life and physical habitat

The health conditions of Liao River were assessed using 25 sampling sites in April 2005, with water quality index, biotic index and physical habitat quality index. Based on the method of cluster analysis （CA） for water quality indices, it revealed that heavily polluted sites of Liao River are located at estuary and mainstream. The aquatic species surveyed were attached algae and benthic invertebrates. The result showed that the diversity and biomass of attached algae and benthic index of biotic integrity （B-IBI） were degrading as the chemical and physical quality of water bodies deteriorating. Physiochemical parameters, BODs, CODcr, TN, TP, NH3-N, DO, petroleum hydrocarbon and conductivity, were statistically analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The statistical results were incorporated into the integrated assessing water quality index, combining fecal coliform count, attached algae diversity, B-IBI and physical habitat quality score. A comprehensive integrated assessing system of fiver ecological health was established. Based on the systimetic assessment, the assessed sites are categorized into 9 ＂healthy＂ and ＂sub-healthy＂ sites and 8 ＂sub-sick＂ and ＂sick＂ sites.

River Health Assessment Based on Fuzzy Matter-element Model

[Objective] The study aimed to assess the health state of rivers by using fuzzy matter-element model.[Method] Based on fuzzy matter-element analysis theory,the assessment model of river health was established,then a modified method to calculate the superior subordinate degree was put forward according to Hamming distance.Afterwards,a multi-level evaluation model,which contained the assessment indicators about hydrological features,ecological characteristics,environmental traits and service function,was set up based on this method above.Finally,the model was applied in the health assessment of Qinhuai River.[Result] The health state of Qinhuai River was at medium level.This assessment result was consistent with that of comprehensive index method,and it showed that the multi-level fuzzy matter-element model was effective in the assessment of river health.[Conclusion] The research provided an effective method to evaluate the state of river health.

Health Safety of the Fish from the Luapula River in Democratic Republic of Congo

The Luapula River has received mining discharges from Lubumbashi and Kipushi Gecamines for several decades and from the CHEMAF company since 2005. It also received mining waste from SODIMICO. The Luapula River has Lake Banguelo as its source in Zambia and flows into Lake Moero, which is located on the border between Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The objective of this study is to assess the health safety of the fish from the Luapula River. Fish samples were collected in August 2015 at the site of the locality of Kasenga located downstream of the mining activities (n = 14) and presumed to be polluted. On the other hand, reference fish samples were taken upstream of any mining activity of the Panda, Kasungwe and Congo Rivers at the sections located near their sources and presumed not to be polluted by mining wastes. (n = 11). Ten Metal Trace Elements (MTE) were assayed at the laboratory of the Congolese Control Office (OCC) of Lubumbashi and at the laboratory of the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium using ICP-OES and ICP-MS. To assess and evaluate the health safety of fish from the Luapula River, the concentrations of fish samples from the Luapula River were compared with the concentrations of the reference fish samples from the Panda Kasungwe and Congo rivers by the Wilcoxon test. The concentrations of fish samples from the Congo River were also compared with the maximum acceptable metal trace element concentrations established by the FAO, WHO, EU (European Union) and other regulatory bodies. as reported by Akoto et al. The results of this study showed that the fish from the Luapula River is contaminated in Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb, and are not fit for human consumption. The results obtained will be brought to attention of the decision-makers of the Province of Haut-Katanga, so that measures can be taken to ban metallurgical factories to drump their mining wastes into waterways.

Feasibility analysis of widely accepted indicators as key ones in river health assessment

Index systems on river health assessment are difficult for using in practice, due to the more complex and professional indicators adopted. In the paper, some key indicators which can be applied for river health assessment in general were selected, based on the analysis of 45 assessment index systems with 902 variables within around 150 published papers and documents in 1972–2010. According to the fields covered by the variables, they were divided into four groups： habitat condition, water environment, biotic status and water utilization. The adopted number and the accepted degrees in the above systems of each indicator were calculated after the variables were combined into the indicators, some of the widely accepted indicators which can reflect different aspects of river condition were selected as key indicators in candidate. Under the correlation analysis amongst the key indicators in candidate, 8 indicators were finally suggested as the key indicators for assessing river health, which were： coverage rate of riparian vegetation, reserved rate of wetland, river continuity, the changing rate of water flow, the ratio of reaching water quality standard, fish index of biotic integrity, the ratio of water utilization and land use.

Multi-scale evaluation of river health in Liao River Basin,China

Previous studies on river health evaluation mainly focused on characterizations at a river-corridor scale and ignored the complex interactions between the river ecosystem and other components of the river basin.Based on the consideration of the interactions among rivers,associated river basin and habitats,an assessment framework with multi-scale indicators was developed.An index system divided among these three scales to characterize the health of river ecosystems in China’s Liao River Basin was established.Set pair analysis was applied to integrate the multi-scale indicators and determine the health classes.The evaluation results indicated that the rivers in the western and eastern zones of the Liao River were classified as sick,and rivers in the main stream of the Liao and Huntai rivers were classified as unhealthy.An excessive level of disturbances,such as large pollution loads and dense construction of water conservation projects within the river basin,were the main causes of the river health deterioration.

Healthy Yellow River’s essence and indicators

River＇s healthy life is a description of their living conditions, and it is also a comprehensive assessment of river＇s functions and relations with the human society. Through analyzing the demands of human being and river ecosystem, the continuous flow, safe river channel for water and sediment transportation, good water quality, sustainable river ecosystem and water supply capacity are regarded as symbols of the healthy Yellow River. Minimum flow, maximum flood discharging capacity, bank-full discharge, transverse slope of floodplain, water quality degree, wetlands area, aquatic ecosystem, and water supply capacity, altogether eight quantitative indicators are set as symbols of healthy Yellow River, and their corresponding standards are determined based on the analysis with historical hydrological data and observed data of 1956-2004.

Heavy Metal Pollution Status and Health Risk Assessment in the Longjiang River

[Objectives] The purpose of this research was to investigate the water quality of the Longjiang River in Guangxi. Concentrations of heavy metals( As,Cd,Zn,Pb and Cu) in the surface water of Longjiang River were analyzed to figure out the distribution characteristics of heavy metal pollutants in this area. [Methods]The Nemerow comprehensive index method and the health risk assessment model were adopted to evaluate the grade of Longjiang River water quality and the health risk level imposed by heavy metals in the water. [Results] The concentrations of heavy metals in each sampling point conformed to Grade-II water quality standard. The water samples collected on 13 sampling points of the Longjiang River were clean and not polluted by heavy metals. The health risk values of heavy metals As and Zn were greater than Cd,Pb and Cu in the Longjiang River,but still lower than the maximum acceptable risk level 5. 0 × 10^(-5)a^(-1). [Conclusions]Water quality condition reflected by the comprehensive pollution index and the health risk value of heavy metal was consistent in the Longjiang River,showing as that the value in middle and lower reaches was slightly higher than in the upper reaches. As is the major pollutant of water environment health risk in the Longjiang River,and it should be regarded as the key object of water environment risk management in Longjiang River.

气候变化及人类活动影响下永安溪河流水文健康响应

为充分认识气候变化及人类活动影响下的河流水文健康响应,采用降水-径流双累积曲线法和Pettitt法分析永安溪径流变化,并基于气象和径流数据构建流域长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络模型还原天然流量序列,通过对多种方法计算的最适宜生态流量进行对比和筛选,揭示了永安溪河流水文健康度(R_(HD))变化,定量评估了各驱动因子的贡献度。结果表明:永安溪径流的突变时间为2003年,与下岸水库运行时间一致;与5种概率密度函数法相比,Q50法计算的永安溪流域最适宜生态流量是可靠且合理的;与人类活动的贡献(34.74%)相比,气候变化(65.26%)是永安溪河流水文健康下降的主要因素;对比还原流量的R_(HD),下岸水库运行后实测流量的R_(HD)在3月、4月、10月明显提升。

汕尾市品清湖健康评价与对策研究

河湖健康评价对于维护水体生态系统、保障水资源安全、提升水环境质量具有重要作用,文章以品清湖为研究对象,结合其潟湖的天然特性,从“盆”“水”、社会服务3个准则层科学客观地评估其健康状况。研究结果表明,品清湖健康综合评价为二类河湖,属于健康状态,需要进一步提升的方面主要为水质优劣情况(尤其是铅、砷、铜、锌等指标)和以溶解氧为度量的水体自净能力。针对评价结果,提出合理的对策和建议,为品清湖制定科学的治理方案,为打造幸福河湖提供参考。

甘肃省河流健康特性分析及评价体系重构

河流健康管理是生态文明建设的重要组成,是河长制管理的重要任务。通过收集整理甘肃省具有代表性的162条河流健康评价成果,采用统计学方法,分析甘肃省河流总体健康水平和特征,评价指标空间异质性和河流健康评价体系适用性。结果表明:甘肃省所辖河流健康评价得分第1个四分位数68.1分,第2个四分位数(中位数)75.1分,第3个四分位数81.4分,河流健康状况良好,总体呈现形态结构稳定、水文情势震荡、水质较好、生物多样性较低的特征;河流健康水平自西向东呈升高趋势,与河流所处气候环境及水资源利用模式显著相关。针对西北河流对规范标准评价指标存在的不适用等诸多问题,重构了适合西北河流特性的健康评价体系,对理想、健康、亚健康、不健康、病态5个河流健康等级给出明确清晰的定义,并对河流具有的总体功能按照水空间、水循环、水环境和水生物4个方面应用不同指标进行河流属性变化特征描述。验证结果表明,与原评价体系相比,重构的评价体系准则层和主要改进指标的变异系数有合理性改善。

长三角绿色一体化发展示范区湖泊健康状况调查与评价

上海市青浦区“蓝色珠链”河湖交错,是长三角一体化发展示范区典型的湖荡区。为全面反映示范区水体生态环境状况,构建示范区特色的河湖健康评估体系,本文以“蓝色珠链”区为例,以《上海市河湖健康评价技术指南(试行)》(DB31 SW/Z 001—2023)为指导,从安全畅流、亲水景美、水质洁净、生态健康和社会服务5个方面开展河湖健康状况调查评价。结果表明,“蓝色珠链”湖荡区健康状况评分为77.89分,处于健康状态,区域水生态环境状况较好,但仍存在水质及富营养化等问题。研究结果可为示范区河湖健康评价、河湖开发保护提供技术参考和决策依据。

珠江前航道河湖健康评价与保护建议

科学的河湖健康评价模式,能全方位体现河湖健康基数,发挥河湖治理与保护的导向作用。在珠江前航道的评价过程中,结合实际情况,将河道各项生物、物理、化学指标的监测和相关数据进行整合,分析河道在“盆”“水”、生物和社会服务4个方面的健康状态。评价结果表明珠江前航道整体处于健康状态,但在“水”和生物准则层方面,珠江前航道底泥污染情况严峻,重金属镉严重超标,同时外来物种入侵严重,鱼类多样性不足。基于发现的问题展开珠江前航道不健康压力分析,从而为河流健康保护提出建议。

Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variations of Heavy Metal Contamination in Surface Waters of Liaohe River, Northeast China

Heavy metal pollutants are a worldwide concern due to slow decomposition, biocondensation, and negative effects on human health. We investigated seasonal and spatial variations of the five heavy metals and evaluated their health risk in the Liaohe River, Northeast China. A total of 324 surface water samples collected from 2009 to 2010 were analyzed. Levels(high to low) of heavy metals in the Liaohe River were: zinc(Zn) > chromium(Cr) > copper(Cu) > cadmium(Cd) > mercury(Hg). Spatial and seasonal changes impacting concentrations of Cu and Zn were significant, but not significant for Cr, Cd and Hg. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were: Hg at Liuheqiao, Cu at Fudedian, Zn at Tongjiangkou, Cr at Mahushan, and Cd at Shenglitang. The highest concentrations of Hg and Cr were found in the wet period, Cu and Cd in the level period, and Zn in the dry period. The surface water of a tributary was an important accumulation site for heavy metals. Health risks from carcinogens and non-carcinogens increased from upstream to downstream in the mainstream of the Liaohe River. The total health risk for one person in the Liaohe River exceeded acceptable levels. The total health risk was the greatest during the wet period and least in the dry period. Among the five heavy metals in the Liaohe River, Cr posed the greatest single health risk.

Heavy metal concentrations in edible bivalves and gastropods available in major markets of the Pearl River Delta

Molluscs are able to accumulate heavy metals and impose health hazard to consumers. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the heavy metal concentrations in edible bivalves and gastropods available in major markets of the Pearl River Delta. Fourteen species of edible molluscs were purchased from six markets in Hong Kong and Guangdong Province. The fresh of these biota were tested for their cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb) and tin (Sn) concentrations (based on wet weight). The results indicated that amongst the 14 edible molluscs, only Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Sb and Sn concentrations in three species (Ruditapes philippinarum, Perna viridis and Hemifusus tuba) were within the local regulatory limits. Over 60% of bivalve species exceeded maximum permitted levels of Cd (2 mug/g) and Cr (1 mug/g), while over 40% of gastropod species exceeded the maximum levels of Sb (1 mug/g) and Cr (1 mug/g). Most of the samples collected from Hong Kong had significantly higher contents of Pb and Sb, but similar levels of Cd, Cu and Zn when compared with samples collected across the border ( p < 0.05; p 0.01; p < 0.001 respectively). In general, the molluscs purchased in Guangdong markets had higher metal contents than those purchased from the Hong Kong markets. When compared with the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake or Maximum Acceptable Daily Load recommended by FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Cd levels of five species (Anadara ferruginea, Pinna pectinata, Chlamys nobilis, Babylonia lutosa and Hemifusus terntanus) and Cr levels of seven species ( Anadara ferruginea, Paphia undulata, Pinna pectinata, Babylonia lutosa, Hemifusus terntanus, Cymbium melo and Cipangopaludina chinensis) were higher than both the human daily acceptable limits (for Cd and Cr respectively) and the local regulatory levels (for Cd and Cr respectively).

基于浮游植物生物完整性指数的金沙江下游河流生态健康评价

在金沙江下游梯级电站投产前开展生物完整性评价,为梯级水库水生态健康评价、预警管理和生态修复评估提供技术支持和数据支撑。2017—2018年对金沙江下游干流30个采样点(参照点5个,观测点25个)进行4次野外调查,共鉴定出86种(属)浮游植物,具备较高的物种多样性。以硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻型为主,主要优势类群隶属硅藻门,保持着天然河流浮游植物组成特征。基于浮游生物完整性指数(P-IBI),对4类27个初选指标进行分布范围检验、判别能力检测和相关性分析,构建了总分类单元数、蓝藻门分类单元数、硅藻门分类单元占比、硅藻门细胞密度和绿藻门细胞密度占比等5个核心参数组成的金沙江下游浮游植物生物完整性评估体系。以参照点参数25%分位数法确定评价标准:P-IBI>3.81,健康;3.04~3.81,亚健康;2.67~3.03,一般;2.28~2.66,较差;P-IBI<2.28,极差。评估结果显示金沙江下游河流生态整体处于较差水平,丰水季各样点健康状态优于枯水期,可较好地反映梯级电站投产前关键时期河流健康状态。

小区域尺度视角下的丽江市玉河健康特征研究

随着社会发展,工业化、城镇化进程不断加快,河湖生态问题日益突出且呈现更复杂的发展态势,进行河湖健康评价,开展河湖健康问题诊断,针对性地提出河湖生态系统精准治理、生态修复与保护等对策显的尤为迫切.结合丽江市典型河流玉河,以水域岸线状况、水量水质状况、生物状况、社会服务功能等4个准则层为重要抓手,构建11个指标层的河流健康评价体系,将玉河划分为农村段、城镇段、复合段3个小区域尺度进行综合评价,探讨了小区域尺度河流健康评价差异性特征,研究表明:玉河全河段、各分段均处于亚健康状态,玉河农村段、复合段、各城镇段岸线部分指标层、准则层间健康状况差异性显著,主要存在水资源禀赋差,生态流量小,底栖动物少,局部岸线状况较差的问题.

Assessment of groundwater quality in the flood plains of upper Palar River, India

Groundwater is generally presumed to be good for human consumption and is used as a main source of drinking water. Although there are numerous reasons for groundwater pollution, anthropogenic sources are consid-ered as the prime ones. In this study, twenty-two groundwater samples were collected from the flood plains of upper Palar River during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons to assess the extent of pollution and effects on human health. Physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater were analyzed and compared with those of drinking water standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The Piper's tri-linear diagram shows the nature of alkali earth with the high contents of alkalies and prevailing sulphate in the pre-sent samples. The univariate statistics and correlation analysis were performed to find out the relationships between the variables. The tannery effluents, solid wastes and sewage were suspected to be the predominant sources of pollu-tion in the area.

Fish Species Diversity in Upstream and Downstream of Sittaung River,Bago Region,Myanmar

This research was conducted to generate a primary database on ichthyofauna,distribution and diversities in the upstream and downstream segments of Sittaung River in Bago Region of Myanmar.This study contributes to the information needed on the distribution of river fish in Myanmar.Fish diversities are assessed by calculating the various diversities indices between December,2018 and November,2019.A total of 65 fish species belonging to 9 orders,23 families and 49 genera were recorded.All 65 fish species were found in upstream segment but only 60 species of them were found in downstream segment of the river.In all study sites,Shannon diversity index had value above 3 indicating that the structure of habitat was stable and balanced.Simpson’s index values were close to 1 in all sites indicating that the species richness in the region was satisfactory.The abundance all of above 5%of total catch of Mystus vittatus,M.pulcher,M.cavasius and Erethistes pusillus in their feeding habitat suggested that their upstream and downstream habitats provided suitable feeding conditions.Anguilla bengalensis,Tenualosa ilisha,Mystus gulio,Rita rita and Silonia silondia were least abundant all below 0.1%of total catch showing they could be impacted by unwise anthropogenic activities.Assessing fish species diversity is thus very important to conserve and manage and promote the health of river ecosystem that is necessary for the migration of fish species.

茅洲河健康评价分析

结合《河湖健康评价指南》《广东省河湖健康评价技术指引》,在深入开展茅洲河现场调研的基础上,对河岸自然状况、生态水量、水质、底泥状态、水生生物、鸟类以及公众满意度等17项指标进行现场采样、监测或调查,获得评价基础数据,确保了评价成果的客观、科学、合理。

河流伦理的概念及研究框架与构建路径

河流作为人类文明的发源地,蕴含基本的伦理形态和独特的伦理价值。随着现代社会的快速发展和对自然资源的过度开发,河流生态环境问题日益严峻,探索河流伦理的概念、研究框架及其构建路径显得尤为重要。从伦理角度出发,定义了河流伦理的概念,认为河流伦理是一种赋予河流生命、道德、权利、价值的意识形态;深度解读河流伦理的内涵,阐述构建河流伦理的意义;从研究目标、内涵解读、构建意义、主要内容以及构建路径5个方面,构建了河流伦理研究框架,其主要研究内容涵盖河流伦理的理论基础、意识形态、问题评估、构建路径、支撑体系5部分。在以上研究的基础上,从河流伦理的支撑体系(包括思想体系、制度体系、文化体系、工程体系、技术体系、管理体系)出发,总结提出河流伦理的10条构建路径。研究成果可为河流伦理系统研究和应用提供理论支撑。