Research on the Model of General Landscape Planning of City Road System

This paper analyses the overall landscape framework of city road system in ancient and modern China, using the ideal state terrain model which was fi rst recorded by the construction system of the Zhou Dynasty, and summarizes the ideal model of overall landscape framework of city road system, based on Chinese psychological needs of landscape, and conducts the applied research taking Nanchong in Sichuan, China for example.

Composition of Garden Road System in Urban Park

Based on the idea of system,the paper had analyzed components of garden road system in urban park and their relations from the perspective of function,pattern and facility,and established framework of garden road system for guidance of garden road construction.After introduction of the connotation of garden road system,its attributes were summarized which were isolated elements,integrated collection,clear level and dynamic development;and its functional composition had been concluded from the aspects of practical function and social function.Practical functions contained traffic organization and guidance tour,space division and landscape composition,facility organization and habitat improvement.Social functions consisted of communication and education function.The pattern of garden road system had been introduced in terms of pattern elements,level structure and layout form.Facilities of garden road system had been classified into five categories covering rest facilities,ornamental facilities,light facilities,display facilities and service facilities.

Foliar Particulate Matter Distribution in Urban Road System of Beijing, China

Particulate matter(PM), one of the most important pollutants of traffic emission, threatens the health of urban ecosystems and citizens. Roadside trees play an important role in trapping PM, and the foliar PM load is a useful indicator for air PM pollution in road systems. To detect the relationships of foliar PM load with road structures, urbanization, and meteorology in road systems, we studied a widely-planted tree Sophora japonica L. in 100 roads and 10 yards of Beijing, China, and found that the foliar PM loads increased with the distances from the urban centre(DUC) linearly, while decreased with the road density. All-subsets regression analysis indicated that DUC, average monthly relative humidity, average monthly wind speed, and mean annual wind speed were the most important factors in predicting foliar PM load, rather than general situation of buildings and road cleanliness. The monthly relative humidity and monthly wind speed had a negative correlation to foliar PM, while the annual relative humidity and annual wind speed had a positive correlation to foliar PM. Suburban areas and these effective factors should be highlighted in PM control in Beijing.

Investigation on interaction and characteristics of traffic flows in urban elevated road-ramp-ground road system

The rapid development of the automobile industry and the relative lag of the road construction have constituted a prominent contradiction all over the world, particularly, in most of large cities. To cope with it, elevated roads have been built in many cities both at home and abroad. However, traffic jams frequently appear on elevated roads immediately after the completion of their construction. The awkward situation mainly results from the planning bug or the unsuitable control, apart from drastic increase in transportation demand. Elevated roads,

Road System Maintenance in Winter

In order to eliminate the difficulties caused by the presence of snow and ice on the road surface and to create a safe, constant and convenient movement with their design speeds and loads, companies and organizations should apply a set of roads winter maintenance activities. Drifted snow on the roads is determined by a group of factors, which in most cases depend on each other and occur in different combinations. The main factors are: the climate conditions, the specific features of the area, the geometric and constructive elements of the road.

Driving Behavior Shaping Model in Road Traffic System

In order to give a new way for modeling driving behavior, identifying road traffic accident causation and solving a variety of road traffic safety problems such as driving errors prevention and driving behavior analysis, a new driving behavior shaping model is proposed, which could be used to assess the degree of effect of driving error upon road traffic safety. Driver behavior shaping model based on driving reliability and safety analysis could be used to identify the road traffic accident causation, to supply data for driver's behavior training, to evaluate driving procedures, to human factor design of road traffic system.

A system for underground road condition monitoring

Poor road conditions in underground mine tunnels can lead to decreased production efficiency and increased wear on production vehicles. A prototype system for road condition monitoring is presented in this paper to counteract this. The system consists of three components i.e. localization, road monitoring, and scheduling. The localization of vehicles is performed using a Rao-Blackwellized extended particle filter, combining vehicle mounted sensors with signal strengths of Wi Fi access points. Two methods for road monitoring are described: a Kalman filter used together with a model of the vehicle suspension system, and a relative condition measure based on the power spectral density. Lastly, a method for taking automatic action on an ill-conditioned road segment is proposed in the form of a rescheduling algorithm.The scheduling algorithm is based on the large neighborhood search and is used to integrate road service activities in the short-term production schedule while minimizing introduced production disturbances.The system is demonstrated on experimental data collected in a Swedish underground mine.

Design and Implementation of GIS Data Production System for Expressway Video and Road Infostructure

The expressway is necessary for the development of the modern transportation industry, and the level of expressway construction reflects the overall grade of national or regional economic development. In order to process the expressway road property data information, based on the current mainstream Windows operating system, this study utilizes Geographic Information System (GIS) development technology, road video processing technology, and spatial data mining method to design and develop an expressway video and road infostructure GIS data production system. The system designs a multi-layer distributed application model in accordance with the ideas and methods of GIS engineering and the characteristics of road production data. In addition, according to the characteristics and specification requirements of basic geographic data, the road production database of spatial data and attribute data integrated storage is constructed by combining database and spatial data engine. Through the development of the GIS data production system for expressway video and road infostructure, various functions such as generation of road property data, dynamic management of road infostructure, and visualization of spatial information have been realized. The system focuses on improving the production efficiency and automation level of expressway production data and meets the construction requirements for modernization, informatization, and intelligence of expressways.

New Method of Road Surface Identification in Anti-Lock Braking System

Based on the vehicle-road dynamic model, the road characteristic parameter, which depends on different types of road surfaces, is introduced and a new method of road surface identification for automotive anti-lock braking system (ABS) is proposed. According to the characteristics of vehicle-road dynamic model, a simple math resolution method of the model's factors is established. Only using the information of wheel speed, the vehicle reference velocity and the wheel slip ratio are estimated real-timely. And based on the wheel dynamic model, the road characteristic parameter is determined to identify the road surface for the determination of thresholds of ABS regulative parameters. With this new method, the road surface identification can be accurately obtained and calculation time is short that it can meet the ABS real time control need, and it also improves the performance of ABS.

A Spatio-temporal Data Model for Road Network in Data Center Based on Incremental Updating in Vehicle Navigation System

The technique of incremental updating,which can better guarantee the real-time situation of navigational map,is the developing orientation of navigational road network updating.The data center of vehicle navigation system is in charge of storing incremental data,and the spatio-temporal data model for storing incremental data does affect the efficiency of the response of the data center to the requirements of incremental data from the vehicle terminal.According to the analysis on the shortcomings of several typical spatio-temporal data models used in the data center and based on the base map with overlay model,the reverse map with overlay model (RMOM) was put forward for the data center to make rapid response to incremental data request.RMOM supports the data center to store not only the current complete road network data,but also the overlays of incremental data from the time when each road network changed to the current moment.Moreover,the storage mechanism and index structure of the incremental data were designed,and the implementation algorithm of RMOM was developed.Taking navigational road network in Guangzhou City as an example,the simulation test was conducted to validate the efficiency of RMOM.Results show that the navigation database in the data center can response to the requirements of incremental data by only one query with RMOM,and costs less time.Compared with the base map with overlay model,the data center does not need to temporarily overlay incremental data with RMOM,so time-consuming of response is significantly reduced.RMOM greatly improves the efficiency of response and provides strong support for the real-time situation of navigational road network.

Spatio-temporal Pattern of Ecosystem Pressure in Countries Along the Belt and Road: Combining Remote Sensing Data and Statistical Data

Building a Green Silk Road by integrating the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) is one of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) visions, but the BRI faces enormous challenge that is the conflict between economic development and ecological sustainability.Understanding the current scale and trend of the impact of human activities on the ecosystem is the preliminary work to ensure that human activities do not exceed the ecological carrying capacity under the BRI. This study evaluated the ecosystem pressure in countries along the Belt and Road(B&R) from 2000–2017 based on the supply-consumption balance relationship of ecological resources. Net primary productivity(NPP) is taken as the measure of ecological resources, and the supply level and consumption intensity of ecological resources is estimated based on remote sensing data and statistical data, respectively. Results show that thirteen countries with overconsumed ecological resources concentrated in the West Asia/Middle East. Although the intensity of the ecological resource consumption correlated with ecological resource endowments, the ecosystem pressure was determined by social development dependence on the ecological resources at the same ecological resource endowments level. Nearly 80% of countries along the B&R suffered from significantly increased(P < 0.05) ecosystem pressure during 2000–2017, since most of the countries along the B&R were developing countries,and their economic development was highly dependent on ecological resources. Some West Asia/Middle East countries successfully mitigated the ecosystem pressure by importing feed for livestock. Likewise, the Southeast Asian islands benefitted from the import of agricultural products. The results highlight that the BRI should reduce the dependence of social development demands on local ecological resources by international trade for ensuring the increasing ecosystem pressure trend within the ecological carrying capacity.

Cultural Heritage System and Coordinated Protection of Ancient Sichuan Salt Road

Ancient Sichuan Salt Road(the ancient road for the transportation of Sichuan salt) is a cultural route characterized by salt transportation culture in southwest and central-west China, along which a large number of diversifi ed and systematic cultural heritages have been left, including both tangible and intangible salt transportation cultural heritages such as ancient salt transportation road, salt shop, post house, stele inscription, ancient town, ancient bridge, guild hal, and boatmen's work songs. With the rapid economic and social development, the accelerating modernization and urbanization, and also drastic changes of traffi c environment have contributed to the endangered situation of ancient Sichuan salt road cultural heritage. In face of such problems as lack of coordinated protection mechanism, destructive development, backward protection of cultural relics, and inheritance risks of intangible heritage, cultural heritages along the ancient Sichuan salt road should be protected by establishing a protection mechanism, organizing the coordinated actions of local areas along the road, investigating and rescuing cultural heritage in time, and enhancing the cooperative research. In view of the complicate and long-term nature of protecting linear cultural heritage, successful experience of domestic and foreign cultural route heritage management can be learned, salt transportation cultural heritage protection, tourism planning and development of ancient Sichuan salt road should be considered, protection of the ancient salt road should be combined with economic, social and cultural development of regions along the road, so as to explore an effective mode for the protection, development and management of large-scale linear cultural heritages consisting of both land and water routes.

Safer Design and Less Cost Operation for Low-Traffic Long-Road Illumination Using Control System Based on Pattern Recognition Technique

The paper covers analysis and investigation of lighting automation system in low-traffic long-roads. The main objective is to provide optimal solution between expensive safe design that utilizes continuous street lighting system at night for the entire road, or inexpensive design that sacrifices the safety, relying on using vehicles lighting, to eliminate the problem of high cost energy consumption during the night operation of the road. By taking into account both of these factors, smart lighting automation system is proposed using Pattern Recognition Technique applied on vehicle number-plates. In this proposal, the road is sectionalized into zones, and based on smart Pattern Recognition Technique, the control system of the road lighting illuminates only the zone that the vehicles pass through. Economic analysis is provided in this paper to support the value of using this design of lighting control system.

Risk assessment of oil and gas investment environment in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative

With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, China is deepening its cooperation in oil and gas resources with countries along the Initiative. In order to better mitigate risks and enhance the safety of investments, it is of significant importance to research the oil and gas investment environment in these countries for China's overseas investment macro-layout. This paper proposes an indicator system including 27 indicators from 6 dimensions. On this basis, game theory models combined with global entropy method and analytic hierarchy process are applied to determine the combined weights, and the TOPSIS-GRA model is utilized to assess the risks of oil and gas investment in 76 countries along the Initiative from 2014 to 2021. Finally, the GM(1,1) model is employed to predict risk values for 2022-2025. In conclusion, oil and gas resources and political factors have the greatest impact on investment environment risk, and 12 countries with greater investment potential are selected through cluster analysis in conjunction with the predicted results. The research findings may provide scientific decisionmaking recommendations for the Chinese government and oil enterprises to strengthen oil and gas investment cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road Initiative.

The coordinated evolution of ecological environment,public service,and tourism economy along the Silk Road Economic Belt,using the Dual-Carbon Targets

Carbon peak and carbon neutrality(dual-carbon)are important targets for the international response to climate change.The Silk Road Economic Belt is a strategic resource region and is important for future ecological environment and tourism development.Based on the“dual-carbon”targets,the Single index quantification,Multiple index synthesis,and Poly-criteria integration evaluation model were used in this study to measure the coordinated development index of the ecological environment,public service,and tourism economy along the Silk Road Economic Belt and to analyze its spatial and temporal evolution.Further,it explores the dynamic evolution and development trend of the three systems using the Kernel Density and Grey Markov Prediction Model.The results show that the coordinated development index along this region needs to be improved during the study period.Furthermore,the coordinated development index of the Southwest region is relatively higher than that of the Northwest region.From the development trend of the three systems,all of them develop in a stable manner;however,the tourism economy system is easily affected by external disturbances.The coordinated development index of the three systems changes dynamically and tends to be in a good state of coordination.There is a certain spatial and temporal heterogeneity.The gravity center of the coordinated development index has been in the Southwest region.During the forecast period,the coordinated development index along this region will improve significantly,while insufficient and unbalanced development will continue.

Adapted Speed System in a Road Bend Situation in VANET Environment

Today,road safety remains a serious concern for governments around the world.In fact,approximately 1.35 million people die and 2–50 million are injured on public roads worldwide each year.Straight bends in road traffic are the main cause of many road accidents,and excessive and inappropriate speed in this very critical area can cause drivers to lose their vehicle stability.For these reasons,new solutions must be considered to stop this disaster and save lives.Therefore,it is necessary to study this topic very carefully and use new technologies such as Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks(VANET),Internet of Things(IoT),Multi-Agent Systems(MAS)and Embedded Systems to create a new system to serve the purpose.Therefore,the efficient and intelligent operation of the VANET network can avoid such problems as it provides drivers with the necessary real-time traffic data.Thus,drivers are able to drive their vehicles under correct and realistic conditions.In this document,we propose a speed adaptation scheme for winding road situations.Our proposed scheme is based on MAS technology,the main goal of which is to provide drivers with the information they need to calculate the speed limit they must not exceed in order to maintain balance in dangerous areas,especially in curves.The proposed scheme provides flexibility,adaptability,and maintainability for traffic information,taking into account the state of infrastructure and metering conditions of the road,as well as the characteristics and behavior of vehicles.

A Brief Discussion on the Development of the Silk-Weaving Industry Along the “Southern Silk Road” in Yunnan

Ancient Yunnan was one of the most significant regions along China’s ancient“Southern Silk Road.”During the Nanzhao period(738–902)of the late Tang Dynasty,Yunnan’s silk-weaving industry underwent a qualitative leap as skilled silk craftsmen from the Bashu area migrated to Yunnan and introduced mulberry planting,silkworm breeding,and advanced silk-weaving techniques from Sichuan to the region.Consequently,people in Yunnan gradually acquired expertise in brocade weaving and embroidery.Many even mastered complex silk-weaving techniques.The development and progress of the silk-weaving industry in the ancient Yunnan region were intricately linked to the economic function and value of silk as both a commodity and currency along the“Southern Silk Road.”The local government in ancient Yunnan was greatly motivated by the economic interests brought by the development of silk-related industries and recognized the significance of developing the local silk industry.They even initiated a campaign to capture skilled silk craftsmen from Sichuan,aiming to foster the growth of the silk-weaving industry in Yunnan.After years of dedicated efforts from the local government in ancient Yunnan,the region emerged as a significant hub for silk production along China’s ancient“Southern Silk Road.”Despite the devastation caused by the wars in other parts of the country,Yunnan’s silk industry continued to thrive and provide ample silk products to sustain trade along this renowned route.In the contemporary era,amidst the decline of the silk-weaving industry in eastern China,Yunnan has proposed an industrial development strategy known as“relocating the silk-weaving industry from east to west.”This involves introducing advanced silk production techniques from the eastern regions into Yunnan to enhance and enrich its local silk industry,thereby establishing it as a traditional national sector and securing a competitive position within the global silk market.The historical experience of Yunnan’s silk industry demonstrated that economic development opportunities can only be seized through proactive endeavors rather than passive anticipation.The modern Yunnan silk industry,which upholds its historical traditions,continues to actively engage in international high-end technical cooperation,thus ensuring the enduring vitality of the ancient“Southern Silk Road.”

Development of driver-vehicle-road closed-loop semi-physical simulation system

As hybrid vehicles introduced the motor, the vehicle structure has a significant change in the power matching. A driver-vehicle-road closed-loop semi-physical simulation system, which makes real driving parts together with the simulation car, will bring convenience to the new car design. We used the computer software to simulate the road with a slope, curve and some other features based on the actual road condition, and analyzed the whole road scene in addition to geometry and physical characteristics. Analyzing and constructing the vehicle dynamics basic template, appropriate changes to the template can obtain the desired vehicle dynamics model with an external device to control the model vehicle. It combined the physical operation system with visual display, which gave us real driving feelings and increased the vehicle design predictive accuracy.

New Adaptive Approach for Road Condition Identification in ASR Control System

A novel tire-road adaptive model in longitude direction to formulate the dynamic characteristic between tire and road is proposed in this paper, based on this model, a new adaptive approach of road condition identification is presented to identify the model＇s parameters on-line in order to improve the performance of anti-slip regulation system（ASR）. The optimal slip is determined by using the drive wheel＇s slip and longitude traction force in ASR before the slipping of the drive wheel. Co-simulation is done based on the model for JETTA GTX building with ADAMS/CAR and Matlab, and results show that the adaptive model accords with Pacejka model very well. This adaptive model has simpler form, less number of parameters and higher adaptability than usual, and the new identification approach has a small amounts of operation, which is very suitful for ASR.

A Decision Support System Web—Application for the Management of Forest Road Network

The present study contributes to the development of an online FRMP(Forest Road Management Platform)that aims to assist in the management of forest road network in a holistic way.This is achieved by the proposed methodology which serves as a database using geoprocessing and geospatial technologies for the handling,and the identification of critical issues in the infrastructure of forest road networks,visualization of forest roads,and the optimization of the management of the forest road network by proposing alternative strategies.In this paper,the development of the decision making web-tool,and presented examples to demonstrate effectively its application and resulting advantages are described.The developed web-application may provide assistance to various forest organizations in the management of forest road networks and associated problems in an effective and sustainable way.