Preparation of Rod-like Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide Powders by Sol-gel Technique Using Metal Chlorides and Acetylacetone Precursors

Al-doped ZnO(AZO) powders were prepared by using metal chloride precursors and the sol-gel technique. IR peaks observed at 1590 cm-1 and 1620 cm-1indicated the formation of metal chelate as a consequence of the addition of acetylacetone to the metal chloride solution. TG-DSC analysis of the AZO gels confirmed the formation of metal chelate as evidenced by the development of several weight loss peaks accompanied by the introduction of new endothermic peaks. The resulting AZO gels were annealed at 500, 600, and 800 ℃ to study the effect of annealing temperature. XRD and SEM results showed that crystallization of AZO gels takes place around 600 ℃. Hexagonal wurtzite structure was identified as the main phase for all the samples. In addition, small shift of the XRD(002) peak coupled with XPS results from the AZO powders confirmed the successful doping of the ZnO powders. Micron sized rod-like AZO powders were uniform in dimension and morphology and remained stable even at 800 ℃.

ROD-LIKE AGGREGATES FROM POLYSTYRENE-b-POLY(4-VINYLPYRIDINE)-b-POLYSTYRENE TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER IN AQUEOUS MEDIA

The rod-like assembly from BAB block copolymer with hydrophilic middle block A in aqueous solution was described. The copolymer used is polystyrene (PS)39-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)(P4VP)98-b-PS39 (the subscripts are the average polymerization degree of corresponding blocks) triblock copolymer with Mw/Mn = 1.15. The aggregates were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The dependence of rod-like aggregate formation on solvents, pH, and polymer concentrations was investigated. The rod-like aggregates were formed when using dioxane as initial solvent, while spherical micelles were formed using DMF. Elevating pH values from 4 to 5 to 7 and decreasing initial copolymer concentrations from 1.5 wt% to 1.0 wt% to 0.5 wt% were favorable for the formation of well-defined rod-like aggregates. In addition, the bicontinuous rods and lamellae were observed when preparing colloid solutions in appropriate conditions.

Formation and dispersal of rod-like α-SiAlON seed crystals synthesized by combustion method

Rod-like single-phase seed crystals of yttrium-α-SiAlONs were synthesized by combustion synthesis method. The XRD patterns, the morphologies of products and formation mechanism were investigated. The SEM observation of crystals exhibits well developed elongated hexagonal crystals with highly agglomerative features, assigned to pure and well-crystallized α-SiAlON. After special chemical treatments and water washing, the powders are well dispersed and still keep elongated hexagonal crystals, and the XRD pattern shows that the rod-like structure is crystalline yttrium-α-SiAlON with only a trace of β-SiAlON.

Hydrothermal Fabrication of Rod-like Rutile Nano-Particles

Rutile phase exhibits higher refractive index and h id ing power, good chemical stability, and is becoming a candidate material for the high-temperature separation and catalysis applications. The thermodynamically stable feature of rutile among the three polymorphs of TiO 2 usually hinders ob taining nano-sized rutile phase by a conventional calcining way. However, acid peptization of amorphous TiO 2 is favorable to the formation of rutile phase. I n this work, well-crystallized and well-dispersed rod-like rutile particles w ith specific surface areas of 49.1 and 35.0 m 2/g were prepared by hydrothermal ly treating the acid peptized TiO 2 amorphous sols at relatively low temperatur es of 200 ℃ or 240 ℃, respectively. The formation of non-touching rutile part icles is attributed to high long-range electrostatic forces between particles i n the presence of the high concentration of the peptizer. The acid peptization w ould easily break the ≡Ti-O-Ti≡ bonds to form ≡Ti-OH or HO-Ti-OH species depending on the amount of acid, and create conditions for the formation of rut ile nuclei after structural rearrangements.

Effect of rod-like grain on properties and toughening mechanism of 3Y-TZP/Al_2O_3 ceramics

In-situ rod-like Al2O3 grain was prepared by adding CAS multiphase additives under the sintering condition of 30 MPa, 1 550℃and 1 h.The sintering behaviors,microstructure,toughening mechanism and access of Al2O3 ceramics were investigated by SEM,EDS and WDW omnipotent electronic mechanical testing machine,etc,and the crack propagating model of cylindrical crystal/3Y-TZP composite toughening Al2O3 ceramics was established.The results show that the composite additives prompt the anisotropic growth of Al2O3 grain,which strengthens toughening effect of 3Y-TZP in 3Y-TZP/Al2O3 composite ceramics.Moreover, the experimental material density is near to theoretical density,bending strength is 556.35 MPa,and fracture toughness is 6.73 MPa·m1 /2.The mechanical properties of the materials are obviously improved.

Adaptive Cockroach Colony Optimization for Rod-Like Robot Navigation

Based on the Cockroach Swarm Optimization （CSO） algorithm, a new Cockroach Colony Optimization （CCO） algorithm is presented and applied to the Robot Path Planning （RPP） problem in this paper. In the CCO algorithm, an improved grid map is used for environment modeling, and 16-geometry and 8-geometry are introduced, respectively, in food division and cockroach search operation. Moreover, the CCO algorithm adopts a non-probabilistic search strategy, which avoids a lot of invalid searches. Furthermore, by introducing a novel rotation scheme in the above CCO algorithm, an Adaptive Cockroach Colony Optimization （ACCO） algorithm is presented for the 2-D Rod-Like Robot Path Planning （RLRPP） problem. The simulation results show that the CCO algorithm can plan an optimal or approximately optimal collision-free path with linear time com- plexities. With the ACCO algorithm, the robot can accomplish intelligent and adaptive rotations to avoid obstacles and pass through narrow passages along the better path.

Porous rod-like Ni_(2)P/Ni assemblies for enhanced urea electrooxidation

The urea oxidation reaction has attracted increasing attention.Here,porous rod-like Ni2P/Ni assemblies,which consist of numerous nanoparticle subunits with matching interfaces at the nanoscale have been synthesized via a simple phosphating approach.Density functional theory calculations and density of states indicate that porous rod-like Ni2P/Ni assemblies can significantly enhance the activity of chemical bonds and the conductivity compared with NiO/Ni toward the urea oxidation reaction.The optimal catalyst of Ni2P/Ni can deliver a low overpotential of 50 mV at 10 mA·cm−2 and Tafel slope of 87.6 mV·dec−1 in urea oxidation reaction.Moreover,the constructed electrolytic cell exhibits a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.47 V and an outstanding durability in the two-electrode system.This work has provided a new possibility to fabricate metal phosphides-metal assemblies with advanced performance.

Enhanced dielectric and electrocaloric properties in lead-free rod-like BCZT ceramics

Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.10Ti0.90O3(BCZT)lead-free ceramics demonstrated excellent dielectric,ferroelectric,and piezoelectric properties at the morphotropic phase boundary(MPB).So far,to study the effect of morphological changes on dielectric and ferroelectric properties in lead-free BCZT ceramics,researchers have mostly focused on the influence of spherical grain shape change.In this study,BCZT ceramics with rod-like grains and aspect ratio of about 10 were synthesized by surfactant-assisted solvothermal route.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and selected area electron diffraction(SAED)performed at room temperature confirm the crystallization of pure perovskite with tetragonal symmetry.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)image showed that BCZT ceramics have kept the 1D rod-like grains with an average aspect ratio of about 4.Rod-like BCZT ceramics exhibit enhanced dielectric ferroelectric(εr=11,906,tanδ=0.014,Pr=6.01μC/cm^2,and Ec=2.46 kV/cm),and electrocaloric properties(ΔT=0.492 K andz=0.289(K×mm)/kV at 17 kV/cm)with respect to spherical BCZT ceramics.Therefore,rod-like BCZT lead-free ceramics have good potential to be used in solid-state refrigeration technology.

Sine-Gordon Solitons and Breathers in Rod-like Magnetic Liquid Crystals under External Magnetic Field

To study the nonlinear phenomena in rod-like magnetic liquid crystals(RMLCs), this paper establishes the dynamic model of molecular motion when giving a twisting disturbance to the molecules under external magnetic field.We find the twist of the molecules under magnetic field can be propagated in the form of a traveling wave. The dynamic equation of the molecular twisting we derived satisfies the form of Sine-Gordon equation. We obtain two solutions of the Sine-Gordon equation by theoretical calculation: the kink and anti-kink solitons and breathers. The characteristics of those solitons and breathers are discussed.

Orientated-assembly of rod-like silica particles based on sandwich structure from the superhydrophobic template and the superhydrophilic substrates

The paper demonstrated a facile approach for the orientated assembly of the rod-like silica particles by sandwich structure from the combined effect of superhydrophobic template and the superhydrophilic substrates. The rod-like particles can be arranged in ring-like, square-like and etc from the confined effect of the template, which will produce an important insight for the oriented assembly ofanisotropic particles and the development of the novel functional materials and devices.

Synthesis of rod-like ultrafine K_4Ce_2Nb_(10)O_(30) via a salt-assistant stearic acid method

A salt-assistant stearic acid method （SAM） capable of forming ultrafine K4Ce2Nb10O30 products was described. XRD pattern re-vealed that tetragonal K4Ce2Nb10O30 products could be obtained by heat treatment at 900 ℃ for 2 h. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） observations indicated the introduction of KCl could lead to the formation of rod-like K4Ce2Nb10O30 products. The species of salts played a crucial role in fine tuning the shapes and sizes of K4Ce2Nb10O30 products. Furthermore, the K4Ce2Nb10O30 prepared by salt-assistant SAM had considerable activity under visible light irradiation.

Enhanced Photothermal Selective Conversion of CO_(2)to CH4 in Water Vapor over Rod-Like Cu and N Co-Doped TiO_(2)

Enhancing catalytic efficiency and selectivity is critical issues for CO_(2) conversion.The rod-like Cu/N co-doped TiO_(2) samples(Cu/N-TiO_(2)) were synthesized by the electrospinning-calcination method.The substitutional Cu and interstitial N doping not only enhanced visible-light absorption ability,but also formed the Ti(Ⅲ)sites.The obviously synergistic effect between the photocatalysis and thermalcatalysis appeared for CO_(2) conversion over the 8-Cu/N-TiO_(2) catalyst.After 9 h visible-light-illumination at 160℃,the CO,CH4and O_(2) yields reached 49.7,1455.1 and 2910.2μmol/gcat,respectively.In the 7thcycling,the yields of two main CH4and O_(2) products were slightly down by less than 11.5%,and the selectivity of CH_(4) product kept above 98%.Combined with the theoretical surface mode,Cu/N co-doping could promote the adsorption-ability for H_(2)O and CO_(2) molecules and reduce activation-energy for CO_(2)conversion.Hence,the co-doping construction showed a great significance of designing efficient photothermal catalysts for the CO_(2)conversion application.

Estimation of rod-like phase spacing in melt-grown eutectic composites

Directional solidification of rod-like eutectic is an important route to produce in situ composites.The rod-like phase spacing of composites is a crucial parameter in determining the properties of the materials.In this study,the rod-like phase spacing of melt-grown in situ eutectic composites is estimated by the method that is established based on the classical Jackson-Hunt theory and completed by considering the minimum undercooling principle in eutectic solidification at steady state.The density difference between the solid phases is also considered when calculating the diffusion field in the liquid.It is found that the rod-like phase spacing of in situ eutectic composites is generally a not unique value but displays a finite range under fixed growth conditions.Also,the range width,which decreases with increasing growth rate and vice versa,is only dependent on the intrinsic properties of an alloy at a given growth rate.By comparing with the experimental observations,the results show that the predicted spacings are in reasonable agreement with experimental data for nonfaceted-nonfaceted Succinonitrile-(D)camphor,MnSb-Sb,and Al-Al3Ni alloys and faceted-nonfaceted MnBi-Bi system when growing in a coupled manner.

基于随机森林算法的异常发热复合绝缘子分类模型

不同类型异常发热复合绝缘子对应的检修决策、应急处理手段各不相同,因此迫切需要建立复合绝缘子异常发热类型识别方法。该文分析了表面积污、护套老化受潮和芯棒酥朽发热复合绝缘子的表面中轴线温度曲线,并定义了7个温度特征量对复合绝缘子异常发热状态进行表征。此外,该文提出了基于随机森林算法的异常发热复合绝缘子分类型模型,并使用现场和实验室拍摄的异常发热复合绝缘子红外图像构建温度特征量样本集。采用SMOTE算法对芯棒酥朽复合绝缘子温度特征量进行数据增广、10折交叉验证选择决策树个数。模型测试结果显示,表面积污、护套老化受潮和芯棒酥朽复合绝缘子的分类精确率均在85%以上。

UVA增强型棒状TiO_(2)复合材料的制备及紫外屏蔽性能研究

在低温水解条件下制备了一种长波紫外线(UVA)增强型棒状金红石TiO_(2),将Al(OH)_(3)均匀包覆在TiO_(2)表面,然后使用月桂酰赖氨酸(LL)对TiO_(2)/Al(OH)_(3)进行表面改性,最后在TiO_(2)/Al(OH)_(3)/LL表面包覆一层天然防晒剂白藜芦醇(RES),得到TiO_(2)/Al(OH)_(3)/LL/RES(TALR)复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和热重分析仪等对样品的结构、形貌及热稳定性进行表征。结果表明:Al(OH)_(3)以非晶态形式均匀包覆在棒状金红石TiO_(2)表面,适宜包覆量为10%(质量分数);棒状TiO_(2)在中波紫外线(UVB)范围具有优异的紫外屏蔽能力,对UVA仍有令人满意的吸收效果;改性剂LL的最佳包覆量为12%,RES的最佳包覆量为15%(均为质量分数)。抗氧化实验及防晒指数测试结果表明,TALR复合材料具有良好的自由基清除能力和优异的紫外屏蔽效果。

纳米棒状MgO固相萃取结合高效液相色谱荧光法测定食用油中的苯并[a]芘

采用直接沉淀法合成了一种纳米棒状Mg O吸附剂,结合固相萃取-高效液相色谱荧光检测(SPE-HPLC/FLD)建立了食用油中苯并[a]芘(Ba P)的快速分析方法。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积和孔径分析仪(BET)对合成的棒状Mg O进行了表征,结果表明Mg O纳米材料是多晶立方结构,呈棒状形貌,具有较大的比表面积,非常适合作为SPE的吸附剂。对SPE过程中吸附剂用量、清洗液种类、解吸液种类及用量、上样液体积进行了详细的优化。在优化的条件下,食用油中Ba P在0.5~20.0μg/kg浓度范围内,线性方程回归系数的平方(R^(2))为0.9999,以信噪比的3倍和10倍计算方法检出限和定量限分别为0.10μg/kg和0.33μg/kg。同时,Ba P在低、中、高3种加标浓度下回收率在85.3%~96.5%,日内日间相对标准偏差范围在2.3%~9.0%,表明本方法具有很好的准确度和精密度。最后,将该方法应用于8种实际油样中Ba P的分析,所有样品的回收率在77.8%~92.5%之间,相对标准偏差小于9.8%,表明该方法具有很好的适用性,在实际样品分析中具有很好的应用前景。

航空薄壁枝杈类杆件激光选区熔化成形数值模拟研究

针对激光选区熔化成形航空细长、薄壁枝杈类结构杆件存在的翘曲变形问题,以航空发动机喷射杆件为研究对象,应用Simufact Additive仿真软件对该典型件的SLM成形过程进行数值模拟分析,验证了2种成形工艺方案下的零件在打印、基板分离、支撑去除过程中的残余应力分布与变形情况,探究了喷杆构件的最佳成形试制方案。结果表明:喷杆在竖直摆放成形时的变形量和残余应力值分别为0.26 mm和973 MPa,均小于45°放置成形的零件。根据支撑结构的设计结果,竖直摆放成形工件的支撑数量少,且容易去除,在有利于控制细长杆部变形、提高尺寸精度与表面质量的同时节约材料成本。

低碳钢盘条轧后控冷新技术

利用热模拟试验研究了低碳钢盘条在不同控冷工艺条件下奥氏体组织的转变和氧化铁皮的生成规律,分析了开冷温度和冷却速率等参数的变化对低碳钢盘条显微组织、氧化铁皮的相结构、各层氧化铁皮生成厚度及总厚度产生的影响,得出低碳钢盘条轧后控冷增加了组织中针状铁素体含量及合理的氧化铁皮结构厚度。

铌/硅化物原位自生复合材料微米棒状向纳米层片状共晶组织转变及其硬化行为

以Nb−18Si(摩尔分数,%)复合材料为研究对象,分析共晶组织几何形态对电子束表面熔化(EBSM)快速凝固条件的响应机理及其对材料硬度的影响规律。研究结果表明,Nbss/Nb3Si共晶在电弧熔炼凝固条件下以棒状形态为主,而在EBSM凝固条件下转变为层片状形态。利用原子尺度的扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)和近原子尺度的三维原子探针(APT)对样品进行表征,获得纳米Nbss/Nb_(3)Si共晶的三维层片状结构特征及其组分。与棒状共晶相比,EBSM凝固条件下形成的层片状共晶组织显著细化(共晶间距为39.5 nm),Nbss相体积分数大幅增加(约41%)。随着显微组织由微米棒状共晶转变为纳米层片状共晶,材料硬度显著增加,达到13.9 GPa。

碳还原法制备棒状硅基材料及其在锂浆料电池中的应用

以聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌段共聚物(P123)为结构导向剂,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,柠檬酸为碳源,采用水热法得到凝胶状二氧化硅/碳前驱体,采用旋转蒸发方式去除溶剂,通过高温热处理,得到棒状硅氧基碳负极活性材料,提高浆料体系无紧密束缚环境下硅碳材料的性能。借助X射线衍射(XRD)仪、无机元素分析(EA)仪、比表面积及孔隙度分析仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对棒状硅基材料进行结构和形貌表征。结果表明,合成的棒状硅基材料首尾相连,形成莲藕链束,长度约为1~3μm,直径约为200 nm,孔径为6.9 nm,比表面积为282 m^(2)/g。与管长>5μm,比表面积900 m^(2)/g,直径1~2 nm的单壁碳纳米管导电剂在电解液体系中形成长程、短程互补的多级网络,加上大量介孔的存在,有利于保持浆料悬浮稳定性。用世伟洛克电池进行电化学性能测试,电化学测试结果表明首次放电比容量为1300 mAh/g,充电比容量为726 mAh/g,首效为55.8%,在0.05 C下,循环50次充电比容量从726 mAh/g变为557 mAh/g,比容量保持率为76.7%。本工作在用P123为结构导向剂制备二氧化硅的过程中,引入碳源,得到同时具有碳包覆和碳还原二氧化硅的硅基材料,避免使用镁热还原二氧化硅,再碳包覆带来的复杂工艺流程。