We summarize theoretical approaches and practice of rodent pest control in Russia and former USSR during last 50 years. We review literature as well as original data to understand mechanisms of rodent populations reco...We summarize theoretical approaches and practice of rodent pest control in Russia and former USSR during last 50 years. We review literature as well as original data to understand mechanisms of rodent populations recovery after chemical control campaigns in urban areas, agricultural lands and natural foci of plague. Laboratory and field experiments indicate that inherent individual variation in behavioural, physiological and life-history traits provides survival of heterogeneous mix of individuals in residual population with increased resistance to poisonous baits and high reproductive potential that leads to fast recovery of a population. In a series of field experiments with various rodent and lagomorph species （Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Meriones unguiculatus, M. meridianus, M. tamariscinus, Ochotona pallasii ） we have shown that patterns of recolonization of depopulated area and mechanisms of population recovery vary among species and depend on species-specific social organization. After control territorial and group-living species demonstrated an increase in mobility and affiliative and marking behaviour and a decrease in intraspecific aggression. The rate of recolonization of treated areas was high due to redistribution of survived individuals and immigration by neighbors. Population recovered to original level due to increased breeding performance and fecundity of both survived residents and immigrants. In contrast, socially-independent species exhibited minor changes in behaviour. Recolonization was mainly due to better survival and recruitment of youngs, so the rate of recolonization was low. Species-specificity of behavioural compensation mechanisms to control should be considered when developing ecologically based rodent management strategies展开更多
Bagged and dispersed Pyrinuron (a self-formulated rodenticide) were tested for control of Clethrionomus rutilus and Clethrionomus rufocanus in larch plantation, Pingshan area, Heilongjiang Province from Oct. 1998 to A...Bagged and dispersed Pyrinuron (a self-formulated rodenticide) were tested for control of Clethrionomus rutilus and Clethrionomus rufocanus in larch plantation, Pingshan area, Heilongjiang Province from Oct. 1998 to Apr. 1999. The results showed that the bagged Pyrinuron has good result for control of the two rodent pests. The density of rodents was reduced by 90.5% after application of bagged Pyrinuron. This application method has characteristics of long residual period, bait not going mould and saving labour force.展开更多
Since 2002,Hami City,Xinjiang Province,has implemented"construction project of rodent-free demonstration area".Artificial eagle frames are installed on the grassland to control rodent damage,receiving remark...Since 2002,Hami City,Xinjiang Province,has implemented"construction project of rodent-free demonstration area".Artificial eagle frames are installed on the grassland to control rodent damage,receiving remarkable control effect.The rodent density in the treatment area is below the threshold of hazard.Moreover,the implementation of the project increases the grassland biomass and improves the vegetation coverage,receiving good economic,ecological and social benefits.展开更多
The advances in the application of sterilizing techniques against pest rodents in China are introduced in the paper. The development of chemosterilants, improvements of botanic sterilants, production of new steroid ho...The advances in the application of sterilizing techniques against pest rodents in China are introduced in the paper. The development of chemosterilants, improvements of botanic sterilants, production of new steroid hormone sterilants, introduction of immunosterility and excellent properties of the sterilants are outlined. The 揝pace Occupation Theory?of sterile techniques is advanced after practice. The botanic sterilants with gossypol and trichosanthin as its main agents were screened and successfully applied in the large area control in the northern forest area of China. The safety of sterilants to non-target animals such as rats, rabbits, dogs, monkeys and chickens was summarized.展开更多
Aotearoa—New Zealand has only four rodent species,all introduced.In order of arrival,they are Pacific rat Rattus exulans,brown rat R.norvegicus,house mouse Mus musculus,and black rat R.rattus.Rodent management in New...Aotearoa—New Zealand has only four rodent species,all introduced.In order of arrival,they are Pacific rat Rattus exulans,brown rat R.norvegicus,house mouse Mus musculus,and black rat R.rattus.Rodent management in New Zealand aims mainly to conserve indigenous biodiversity rather than to protect crops or manage diseases,as is usual elsewhere.We describe four major“regimes”and one major vision for rodent control in New Zealand to meet ecological restoration objectives.Current challenges for island eradications are for large islands that are remote or populated by people.Aerial 1080 is the only large-scale(tens of thousands of hectares)option for black rat control,but its application requires adjustment to counter subsequent rapid black rat repopulation.Unfenced“ecosanctuaries”(mean 720 ha)use ground-based traps and poisons to target mainly black rats and face constant reinvasion.Ecosanctuaries with mammal-resistant fences(up to 3500 ha)limit reinvasion and target more pest species and have enabled the return of previously extirpated taxa to the main islands.Predator Free 2050 aims to eradicate the rat species(but not mice)plus some other introduced mammals from New Zealand by 2050.This vision is not attainable with current tools,but research and experimental management is exploring techniques and technologies.The large scale(to 100000 ha)at which black rats are now targeted for control to extremely low abundance seems to be unique to New Zealand.展开更多
【目的】为保障广东省水稻安全生产,减轻农区害鼠为害损失,总结农区鼠害TBS技术试验成效,形成可复制可推广的防控技术模式。【方法】对TBS技术在广东省农区害鼠监测和防控效果进行了研究,在江门市台山市和河源市连平县设置5005 m TBS围...【目的】为保障广东省水稻安全生产,减轻农区害鼠为害损失,总结农区鼠害TBS技术试验成效,形成可复制可推广的防控技术模式。【方法】对TBS技术在广东省农区害鼠监测和防控效果进行了研究,在江门市台山市和河源市连平县设置5005 m TBS围栏、502个捕鼠桶。【结果】共捕获害鼠478只,捕获鼠种包括小家鼠151只,黄毛鼠126只,板齿鼠109只,褐家鼠76只,黄胸鼠16只,其中,小家鼠、黄毛鼠、板齿鼠、褐家鼠为当地农田主要鼠种,分别占捕获总量的31.6%、26.4%、22.8%和15.9%,捕获鼠种构成分别与2023年当地使用鼠夹法进行的鼠情监测结果基本一致。通过对不同生境捕获鼠数量的比较,结果显示,水稻苗期香蕉树区域TBS围栏捕获鼠数量显著高于河道区域,黄熟期荷花池区域捕获鼠数量显著高于河道区域。在连平县和台山市试验区均未捕获到害鼠,台山市对照区害鼠捕获率为10.50%,连平县对照区害鼠捕获率为9.50%,TBS技术对害鼠有较好的控制作用。台山市试验区和对照区的调查丛数、有效穗数和受害穗率存在显著差异(P<0.05),TBS围栏防治效果95.41%;连平县试验区和对照区有效穗数和受害穗率存在显著差异(P<0.05),TBS技术防治效果85.35%。【结论】TBS技术的应用,减轻了害鼠危害,减少稻谷损失。TBS技术具有安全、环保、可持续利用等特点,具有良好的应用前景。展开更多
文摘We summarize theoretical approaches and practice of rodent pest control in Russia and former USSR during last 50 years. We review literature as well as original data to understand mechanisms of rodent populations recovery after chemical control campaigns in urban areas, agricultural lands and natural foci of plague. Laboratory and field experiments indicate that inherent individual variation in behavioural, physiological and life-history traits provides survival of heterogeneous mix of individuals in residual population with increased resistance to poisonous baits and high reproductive potential that leads to fast recovery of a population. In a series of field experiments with various rodent and lagomorph species （Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Meriones unguiculatus, M. meridianus, M. tamariscinus, Ochotona pallasii ） we have shown that patterns of recolonization of depopulated area and mechanisms of population recovery vary among species and depend on species-specific social organization. After control territorial and group-living species demonstrated an increase in mobility and affiliative and marking behaviour and a decrease in intraspecific aggression. The rate of recolonization of treated areas was high due to redistribution of survived individuals and immigration by neighbors. Population recovered to original level due to increased breeding performance and fecundity of both survived residents and immigrants. In contrast, socially-independent species exhibited minor changes in behaviour. Recolonization was mainly due to better survival and recruitment of youngs, so the rate of recolonization was low. Species-specificity of behavioural compensation mechanisms to control should be considered when developing ecologically based rodent management strategies
文摘Bagged and dispersed Pyrinuron (a self-formulated rodenticide) were tested for control of Clethrionomus rutilus and Clethrionomus rufocanus in larch plantation, Pingshan area, Heilongjiang Province from Oct. 1998 to Apr. 1999. The results showed that the bagged Pyrinuron has good result for control of the two rodent pests. The density of rodents was reduced by 90.5% after application of bagged Pyrinuron. This application method has characteristics of long residual period, bait not going mould and saving labour force.
文摘Since 2002,Hami City,Xinjiang Province,has implemented"construction project of rodent-free demonstration area".Artificial eagle frames are installed on the grassland to control rodent damage,receiving remarkable control effect.The rodent density in the treatment area is below the threshold of hazard.Moreover,the implementation of the project increases the grassland biomass and improves the vegetation coverage,receiving good economic,ecological and social benefits.
文摘The advances in the application of sterilizing techniques against pest rodents in China are introduced in the paper. The development of chemosterilants, improvements of botanic sterilants, production of new steroid hormone sterilants, introduction of immunosterility and excellent properties of the sterilants are outlined. The 揝pace Occupation Theory?of sterile techniques is advanced after practice. The botanic sterilants with gossypol and trichosanthin as its main agents were screened and successfully applied in the large area control in the northern forest area of China. The safety of sterilants to non-target animals such as rats, rabbits, dogs, monkeys and chickens was summarized.
文摘Aotearoa—New Zealand has only four rodent species,all introduced.In order of arrival,they are Pacific rat Rattus exulans,brown rat R.norvegicus,house mouse Mus musculus,and black rat R.rattus.Rodent management in New Zealand aims mainly to conserve indigenous biodiversity rather than to protect crops or manage diseases,as is usual elsewhere.We describe four major“regimes”and one major vision for rodent control in New Zealand to meet ecological restoration objectives.Current challenges for island eradications are for large islands that are remote or populated by people.Aerial 1080 is the only large-scale(tens of thousands of hectares)option for black rat control,but its application requires adjustment to counter subsequent rapid black rat repopulation.Unfenced“ecosanctuaries”(mean 720 ha)use ground-based traps and poisons to target mainly black rats and face constant reinvasion.Ecosanctuaries with mammal-resistant fences(up to 3500 ha)limit reinvasion and target more pest species and have enabled the return of previously extirpated taxa to the main islands.Predator Free 2050 aims to eradicate the rat species(but not mice)plus some other introduced mammals from New Zealand by 2050.This vision is not attainable with current tools,but research and experimental management is exploring techniques and technologies.The large scale(to 100000 ha)at which black rats are now targeted for control to extremely low abundance seems to be unique to New Zealand.
文摘【目的】为保障广东省水稻安全生产,减轻农区害鼠为害损失,总结农区鼠害TBS技术试验成效,形成可复制可推广的防控技术模式。【方法】对TBS技术在广东省农区害鼠监测和防控效果进行了研究,在江门市台山市和河源市连平县设置5005 m TBS围栏、502个捕鼠桶。【结果】共捕获害鼠478只,捕获鼠种包括小家鼠151只,黄毛鼠126只,板齿鼠109只,褐家鼠76只,黄胸鼠16只,其中,小家鼠、黄毛鼠、板齿鼠、褐家鼠为当地农田主要鼠种,分别占捕获总量的31.6%、26.4%、22.8%和15.9%,捕获鼠种构成分别与2023年当地使用鼠夹法进行的鼠情监测结果基本一致。通过对不同生境捕获鼠数量的比较,结果显示,水稻苗期香蕉树区域TBS围栏捕获鼠数量显著高于河道区域,黄熟期荷花池区域捕获鼠数量显著高于河道区域。在连平县和台山市试验区均未捕获到害鼠,台山市对照区害鼠捕获率为10.50%,连平县对照区害鼠捕获率为9.50%,TBS技术对害鼠有较好的控制作用。台山市试验区和对照区的调查丛数、有效穗数和受害穗率存在显著差异(P<0.05),TBS围栏防治效果95.41%;连平县试验区和对照区有效穗数和受害穗率存在显著差异(P<0.05),TBS技术防治效果85.35%。【结论】TBS技术的应用,减轻了害鼠危害,减少稻谷损失。TBS技术具有安全、环保、可持续利用等特点,具有良好的应用前景。
