Research and Application of Role Theory in Ocean Carbon Cycle Ontology Construction

Many researchers have studied the ocean carbon cycle model trying to regulate the level of CO2 in atmosphere from viewpoint of quantification. Unlike other researches, this paper analyzes the conversion process of carbon element in the ocean from the qualitative viewpoint. There are many complex roles in the ocean carbon cycle, and it is hard to represent the case that an entity plays different role in different environment. An ontology technology Hozo role theory developed by Osaka University Mizoguchi Laboratory is proposed as a solution. The basic concepts and representation mode of Hozo role theory is introduced. The conversion process of ocean carbon cycle is abstracted and an ontology model using Hozo role theory is proposed. Instead of comprehensive common ontology construction method, we propose our own ontology development steps. Then an ontology about ocean carbon cycle is built in order to describe and share the basic knowledge of ocean carbon cycle. A knowledge base of material circulation is proposed based on the ontology. Its construction framework is described and some knowledge base query examples are also illustrated. Conclusions show that the role theory can effectively solve the problem of multirole description in ocean carbon cycle, and knowledge reasoning based on ontology is also effective.

Exploration of Teaching Development Strategies for Double-Qualified Teachers in University- Affiliated Hospitals Based on Role Conflict Theory

This study draws on the classic theories and research achievements of university teacher development,and from the perspective of role conflict in social psychology,proposes policy recommendations for the development of clinical teachers in medical colleges,including following different stages of teacher development and designing teaching development strategies at different levels;designing the content and form of teaching development activities to meet the temporal and spatial needs of clinical teachers;and building an academic community for clinical teachers to promote the creation of teaching development behaviors.

Japanese Prime Minister Abe Shinzo’s Multilateral Role Conception and US and China Policies

Promotion of multilateralism has been one of key Japanese roles.It is not limited to support to the United Nations but also related to the promotion of global and regional free trade in Asia-Pacific.This article shows the result of a research based on Japanese,United States,and Chinese political leaders’statements and behaviors related to economic multilateralism during the second Abe administration.The research uses role theory as a theoretical framework.This article proves that Prime Minister Abe has consistently endorsed multilateralism,deepening economic ties both Asia-Pacific and European countries by examining Japanese,US,and Chinese political leaders’speeches,interviews,and remarks on the media.His foreign policy does not indicate unilateralism or dismissal of international cooperation because he perceives multilateralism is essential for Japan’s prosperity and security.In addition,Abe does not break the ties with the US but it is difficult to say that Japan-China relations improved during his tenure.This is because China’s influence will grow and the importance of Japan will relatively decline in Asia-Pacific.

The Determinants of the Italian Support to International Criminal Courts

Since the beginning of the 1990s, Italian foreign policy actors have showed a steady and bipartisan commitment to international criminal justice institutions, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia （ICTY） and the International Criminal Court （ICC） in particular. This paper aims at investigating the determinants of Italian foreign policy decisions to support and actively sponsor such institutions, as well as at providing a valuable account of the trajectory of the Italian foreign policy decisions with regards the issue under analysis. Starting with an historical account of the Italian contribution to the establishment of the ICTY and the ICC, the analysis will then focus on the internal and external determinants that may have contributed to the formulation of the Italian foreign policy. In this connection, the role played by political elites and their ideas about the Italian aspirated role as a responsible and ethical foreign policy actor will emerge as particularly relevant. Moreover, as observed in other cases connected to the Italian foreign policy in the broader area of human rights, Italy＇s commitment to international values raises the issue of the Country＇s incoherence as for the national implementation of those same values.

China as a Responsible Power Amid the COVID-19 Crisis:Perceptions of Partners and Adversaries on Twitter

The challenging COVID-19 context has questioned China’s role as a responsible power but also tested its relationship with other states.This study seeks to investigate‘How other actors have perceived China’s role as a responsible power amid the COVID-19 crisis’.To do so,we opt for a qualitative approach examining the official Twitter accounts of seven actors that hold different types of relationships with China,namely Brazil,EU,Japan,Iran,Pakistan,Russia,and the USA.We aim to identify the perceptions of these actors towards China as unfolding from January to June 2020,emphasising the empirical applicability of Twitter’s discourse.By adopting the concept of responsible power approached from a Role Theory perspective,this paper contributes to a more nuanced understanding of interstate relations and role perceptions.Our findings indicate that there have been variations in the responses and perceptions other states have expressed towards China while its framing as a responsible power differs significantly during the crisis and its landmark events.

Friedrich Ackermann’s scientific research program

We sketch Friedrich Ackermann’s research program following the concept of Imre Lakatos,with some historical key developments in the theory and application of aerotriangulation and image matching.The research program,with its core being statistical estimation theory,has decisively influenced photogrammetry since the 60s,is still fully alive,and a challenge for today’s methods of image interpretation.We describe(1)Lakatos’concept of a scientific research program,with its negative and positive heuristics and(2)Ackermann’s research program,clearly made explicit in his PhD,with its mathematical model,the ability to predict theoretical precision and reliability,the potential of analyzing rigorous and approximate method,and the role of testing.The development of aerotriangulation,later augmented by image matching techniques,is closely connected to Ackermann’s successful attempts to integrate basic research and practical applications.