This paper studied the effects of cinnamon acid treatments on the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity in the seedling roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd.It would provide information for understanding the mechani...This paper studied the effects of cinnamon acid treatments on the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity in the seedling roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd.It would provide information for understanding the mechanisms of inhibition damage caused by continuous cultivation of apple tree.20 mL of solution containing different concentrations of cinnamon acid was added into container with the tested seedlings.After treatment,the samples were taken periodically and the respiratory rates were measured by OXY-LAB oxygen electrodes under 25°C stable temperature and then the activities of related enzymes were measured.The rates of total respiration and other 2 pathways [tricarboxylic acid cycle （TCA） and pentose phosphate pathway （PPP）] appeared initially an increasing treads and late （on the 3rd d） began to decline.However,they again appeared an increase trend at the end period,on the contrast,the respiratory rate of embden-meyer- hot-parnas （EMP） pathway appeared a stead decline tread but it had a recover on the last day.The respiratory rate of total and 3 pathways were decreased under 125 mg kg-1 （soil）.The dynamic trends of the enzymes activities of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase （PFK）,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase （G-6-PDH） and malate dehydrogenase （MDH） showed similarly.In conclusion,treatments of certain concentration of cinnamon acid would inhibit the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity of roots of M.hupehensis Rehd.And the inhibition degrees were positively related with concentration of cinnamon acid treatments.展开更多
Double-seed sowing(two seeds per hole)is the dominant pattern of peanut sowing in China,but within-hole plant competition usually limits their growth and yield formation.Besides,the traditional double-seed sowing meth...Double-seed sowing(two seeds per hole)is the dominant pattern of peanut sowing in China,but within-hole plant competition usually limits their growth and yield formation.Besides,the traditional double-seed sowing method does not facilitate mechanization during sowing.The objective of this study was to determine if single-seed sowing at a proper seeding rate yielded better than traditional double-seed sowing pattern and the differences of physiological metabolism of roots.A field experiment was conducted in two consecutive years to compare pod yields of single-seed sowing at 180000(S180),225000(S225),and 270000 seeds ha^-1(S270)with that of double-seed sowing at 270000 seeds ha^-1(D270)using a completely randomized block design with four replications.And the root bleeding sap rate,nutrient content,and the main hormone contents in root bleeding sap were also comparatively investigated.Although the pod yields of single-seed sowing at the three densities were higher than that of traditional double-seed sowing(D270),S225 yielded better than the other two single-seed sowing treatments(S180 and S270).The increased pod yield in single-seed sowing at 225000 seeds ha^-1 was mainly due to the higher pod dry weight per plant and harvest index.The improved pod dry weight and shoot growth had closely relationship with the enhanced root physiological traits such as the increased root bleeding sap rate,content of free amino acids,soluble sugars,K^+,Mg^2+,Zn^2+,and Ca^2+of the individual plant root.The improved activity of root reductive,nitrate reductase(NR)and ATPase and higher zeatin and zeatin riboside(Z+ZR)content of root bleeding sap were alsocrucial to the pod and shoot growth of peanut.Single-seed sowing at a moderate seeding rate(S225)is a potential practice to increase pod yield and to save seed cost.展开更多
In this paper, an accelerated iteration method for simultaneously determining of a polynomial equation’s roots is proposed. The new method is an improvement of modified Newton method. At the same time, convergence pr...In this paper, an accelerated iteration method for simultaneously determining of a polynomial equation’s roots is proposed. The new method is an improvement of modified Newton method. At the same time, convergence properties and the order of convergence rate are discussed. At last, some numerical results are reported and listed.展开更多
旨在探明水稻在膜下滴灌下根系形态、构型、氮利用效率变化及其与分形维数的关系。于2021—2022年,以氮高效品种(T-43)和氮低效品种(垦-26)为材料,设置滴灌(drip irrigation,DI)、淹灌(flooding irrigation,FI)2种方式与4种施氮水平(0、...旨在探明水稻在膜下滴灌下根系形态、构型、氮利用效率变化及其与分形维数的关系。于2021—2022年,以氮高效品种(T-43)和氮低效品种(垦-26)为材料,设置滴灌(drip irrigation,DI)、淹灌(flooding irrigation,FI)2种方式与4种施氮水平(0、150、300和450 kg hm^(–2))的盆栽试验。基于盒维数法结合根系图像分形分析程序计算根系形态的分形维数和分形丰度,研究滴灌及施氮对水稻产量、氮素利用效率、根系形态、构型、分形维数、分形丰度的影响。结果表明,(1)在相同施氮水平下,与淹灌相比,滴灌处理下T-43和垦-26细根百分比、根长密度(root length density,RLD)β值、氮肥农学利用效率(nitrogen agronomic efficiency,NAE)显著提高(分别为6.8%~14.5%和9.9%~17.2%、0.65%~5.45%和0.32%~3.43%、12.1%~22.4%和12.2%~20.5%);>0.5 mm RLD、0~40 cm土层表面积密度(surface area density,SAD)和根体积密度(RLD)、分形维数(fractal dimension,FD)、分形丰度(fractal abundance,FA)显著降低,造成产量降低(3.8%~37.4%和7.6%~48.3%)。(2)滴灌模式下,施氮显著提高了水稻根系FD和FA,T-43在施氮量为300 kg hm^(–2)时,FD和FA最高(分别为1.55和14.07);垦-26在施氮量为450 kg hm^(–2)时最高(分别为1.62和14.78)。(3)相关分析表明,FD、FA与直径0.1~0.3 mm RLD、0~10 cm土层根长和根质量密度、产量、氮素稻谷生产效率呈显著正相关,与30~40 cm土层表面积密度呈显著负相关。因此,在滴灌条件下,氮高效品种“T-43”配施300 kg hm^(–2)氮肥,能够增加细根根长密度比例,优化表层根系形态分布,提高根系分形维数和丰度,进而实现滴灌水稻产量和氮肥利用效率协同提高。展开更多
目的探讨局灶性癫痫围发作期心率变异性变化特点。方法收集2014年9月至2019年9月在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院癫痫中心进行术前评估并完成手术的癫痫患者102例,选择局灶性发作198次,手动测量相邻两个心电活动的RR间期,计算心率变异...目的探讨局灶性癫痫围发作期心率变异性变化特点。方法收集2014年9月至2019年9月在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院癫痫中心进行术前评估并完成手术的癫痫患者102例,选择局灶性发作198次,手动测量相邻两个心电活动的RR间期,计算心率变异性时域参数-相邻正常心跳间期差值平方和的均方根(RMSSD),比较发作前60 s、发作期、终止后60 s RMSSD差异,并比较不同心率变化类型、不同发作类型、不同发作前状态以及不同致痫灶部位和侧别RMSSD差异。结果发作期和发作前60 s及终止后60 s RMSSD相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),提示发作期RMSSD降低;心率增快类型癫痫发作期RMSSD降低(P<0.001);复杂部分性癫痫发作期RMSSD降低(P<0.001);颞叶内侧癫痫发作期RMSSD降低(右颞叶内侧P<0.001;左颞叶内侧P<0.001);心率无变化(P=0.556)和心率减慢(P=0.983)类型癫痫发作、单纯部分性癫痫(P=0.869)、颞叶外侧癫痫(右颞叶外侧P=0.204;左颞叶外侧P=0.849)和颞叶外癫痫(右颞外P=0.188;左颞外P=0.068)发作期RMSSD无降低。发作期和发作前60 s RMSSD差值在睡眠期更明显(P=0.039)。结论心率增快类型癫痫发作、复杂部分性癫痫、颞叶内侧癫痫发作期易发生心率变异性下降,提示癫痫发作期副交感活性下降;睡眠期状态下发生的癫痫发作期心率变异性下降相比清醒期显著,提示睡眠期癫痫发作副交感活性下降更加明显。展开更多
基金suppoted by the Project of 948 from Ministry of Agriculture of China (2006-G28)the Non-profit Research Foundation from Ministry of Agriculture of China (nyhyzx07-024)+1 种基金the Ear Marked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System, Chinathe Key Innovation Project for Agricultural Application Technology of Shandong Province, China.
文摘This paper studied the effects of cinnamon acid treatments on the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity in the seedling roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd.It would provide information for understanding the mechanisms of inhibition damage caused by continuous cultivation of apple tree.20 mL of solution containing different concentrations of cinnamon acid was added into container with the tested seedlings.After treatment,the samples were taken periodically and the respiratory rates were measured by OXY-LAB oxygen electrodes under 25°C stable temperature and then the activities of related enzymes were measured.The rates of total respiration and other 2 pathways [tricarboxylic acid cycle （TCA） and pentose phosphate pathway （PPP）] appeared initially an increasing treads and late （on the 3rd d） began to decline.However,they again appeared an increase trend at the end period,on the contrast,the respiratory rate of embden-meyer- hot-parnas （EMP） pathway appeared a stead decline tread but it had a recover on the last day.The respiratory rate of total and 3 pathways were decreased under 125 mg kg-1 （soil）.The dynamic trends of the enzymes activities of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase （PFK）,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase （G-6-PDH） and malate dehydrogenase （MDH） showed similarly.In conclusion,treatments of certain concentration of cinnamon acid would inhibit the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity of roots of M.hupehensis Rehd.And the inhibition degrees were positively related with concentration of cinnamon acid treatments.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1000900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571605,31801276)+5 种基金the Major Basic Research Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(2018GHZ007)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province,China(2018YFJH0601)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(CXGC2018D04,CXGC2016B03-1)the Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(CXGC2018E13,CXGC2016B10,CXGC2018F6)the Major Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Project in Shandong Province,China(201706)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)。
文摘Double-seed sowing(two seeds per hole)is the dominant pattern of peanut sowing in China,but within-hole plant competition usually limits their growth and yield formation.Besides,the traditional double-seed sowing method does not facilitate mechanization during sowing.The objective of this study was to determine if single-seed sowing at a proper seeding rate yielded better than traditional double-seed sowing pattern and the differences of physiological metabolism of roots.A field experiment was conducted in two consecutive years to compare pod yields of single-seed sowing at 180000(S180),225000(S225),and 270000 seeds ha^-1(S270)with that of double-seed sowing at 270000 seeds ha^-1(D270)using a completely randomized block design with four replications.And the root bleeding sap rate,nutrient content,and the main hormone contents in root bleeding sap were also comparatively investigated.Although the pod yields of single-seed sowing at the three densities were higher than that of traditional double-seed sowing(D270),S225 yielded better than the other two single-seed sowing treatments(S180 and S270).The increased pod yield in single-seed sowing at 225000 seeds ha^-1 was mainly due to the higher pod dry weight per plant and harvest index.The improved pod dry weight and shoot growth had closely relationship with the enhanced root physiological traits such as the increased root bleeding sap rate,content of free amino acids,soluble sugars,K^+,Mg^2+,Zn^2+,and Ca^2+of the individual plant root.The improved activity of root reductive,nitrate reductase(NR)and ATPase and higher zeatin and zeatin riboside(Z+ZR)content of root bleeding sap were alsocrucial to the pod and shoot growth of peanut.Single-seed sowing at a moderate seeding rate(S225)is a potential practice to increase pod yield and to save seed cost.
文摘In this paper, an accelerated iteration method for simultaneously determining of a polynomial equation’s roots is proposed. The new method is an improvement of modified Newton method. At the same time, convergence properties and the order of convergence rate are discussed. At last, some numerical results are reported and listed.
文摘旨在探明水稻在膜下滴灌下根系形态、构型、氮利用效率变化及其与分形维数的关系。于2021—2022年,以氮高效品种(T-43)和氮低效品种(垦-26)为材料,设置滴灌(drip irrigation,DI)、淹灌(flooding irrigation,FI)2种方式与4种施氮水平(0、150、300和450 kg hm^(–2))的盆栽试验。基于盒维数法结合根系图像分形分析程序计算根系形态的分形维数和分形丰度,研究滴灌及施氮对水稻产量、氮素利用效率、根系形态、构型、分形维数、分形丰度的影响。结果表明,(1)在相同施氮水平下,与淹灌相比,滴灌处理下T-43和垦-26细根百分比、根长密度(root length density,RLD)β值、氮肥农学利用效率(nitrogen agronomic efficiency,NAE)显著提高(分别为6.8%~14.5%和9.9%~17.2%、0.65%~5.45%和0.32%~3.43%、12.1%~22.4%和12.2%~20.5%);>0.5 mm RLD、0~40 cm土层表面积密度(surface area density,SAD)和根体积密度(RLD)、分形维数(fractal dimension,FD)、分形丰度(fractal abundance,FA)显著降低,造成产量降低(3.8%~37.4%和7.6%~48.3%)。(2)滴灌模式下,施氮显著提高了水稻根系FD和FA,T-43在施氮量为300 kg hm^(–2)时,FD和FA最高(分别为1.55和14.07);垦-26在施氮量为450 kg hm^(–2)时最高(分别为1.62和14.78)。(3)相关分析表明,FD、FA与直径0.1~0.3 mm RLD、0~10 cm土层根长和根质量密度、产量、氮素稻谷生产效率呈显著正相关,与30~40 cm土层表面积密度呈显著负相关。因此,在滴灌条件下,氮高效品种“T-43”配施300 kg hm^(–2)氮肥,能够增加细根根长密度比例,优化表层根系形态分布,提高根系分形维数和丰度,进而实现滴灌水稻产量和氮肥利用效率协同提高。
文摘目的探讨局灶性癫痫围发作期心率变异性变化特点。方法收集2014年9月至2019年9月在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院癫痫中心进行术前评估并完成手术的癫痫患者102例,选择局灶性发作198次,手动测量相邻两个心电活动的RR间期,计算心率变异性时域参数-相邻正常心跳间期差值平方和的均方根(RMSSD),比较发作前60 s、发作期、终止后60 s RMSSD差异,并比较不同心率变化类型、不同发作类型、不同发作前状态以及不同致痫灶部位和侧别RMSSD差异。结果发作期和发作前60 s及终止后60 s RMSSD相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),提示发作期RMSSD降低;心率增快类型癫痫发作期RMSSD降低(P<0.001);复杂部分性癫痫发作期RMSSD降低(P<0.001);颞叶内侧癫痫发作期RMSSD降低(右颞叶内侧P<0.001;左颞叶内侧P<0.001);心率无变化(P=0.556)和心率减慢(P=0.983)类型癫痫发作、单纯部分性癫痫(P=0.869)、颞叶外侧癫痫(右颞叶外侧P=0.204;左颞叶外侧P=0.849)和颞叶外癫痫(右颞外P=0.188;左颞外P=0.068)发作期RMSSD无降低。发作期和发作前60 s RMSSD差值在睡眠期更明显(P=0.039)。结论心率增快类型癫痫发作、复杂部分性癫痫、颞叶内侧癫痫发作期易发生心率变异性下降,提示癫痫发作期副交感活性下降;睡眠期状态下发生的癫痫发作期心率变异性下降相比清醒期显著,提示睡眠期癫痫发作副交感活性下降更加明显。
