Desert phreatophytes are greatly dependent on groundwater, but how their root systems adapt to different groundwater depths is poorly understood. In the present study, shoot and root growths of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap...Desert phreatophytes are greatly dependent on groundwater, but how their root systems adapt to different groundwater depths is poorly understood. In the present study, shoot and root growths of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. seedlings were studied across a gradient of groundwater depths. Leaves, stems and roots of different orders were measured after 120 days of different groundwater treatments. Results indicated that the depth of soil wetting front and the vertical distribution of soil water contents were highly controlled by groundwater depths. The shoot growth and biomass of A. sparsifolia decreased, but the root growth and rooting depth increased under deeper groundwater conditions. The higher ratios of root biomass, root/shoot and root length/leaf area under deeper groundwater conditions implied that seedlings of A. sparsifolia economized carbon cost on their shoot growths. The roots of A. sparsifolia distributed evenly around the soil wetting fronts under deeper groundwater conditions. Root diameters and root lengths of all orders were correlated with soil water availabilities both within and among treatments. Seedlings of A. sparsifolia produced finer first- and second-order roots but larger third- and fourth-order roots in dry soils. The results demonstrated that the root systems of desert phreatophytes can be optimized to acquire groundwater resources and maximize seedling growth by balancing the costs of carbon gain.展开更多
Production performance of four forage legumes species of Medicago sativa,Onobrychis viciifolia,Lotus corniculatus and Galega officinalis were determined,including plant height,above-ground biomass per unit area,tiller...Production performance of four forage legumes species of Medicago sativa,Onobrychis viciifolia,Lotus corniculatus and Galega officinalis were determined,including plant height,above-ground biomass per unit area,tillers per unit area,fertile tillers per unit area,shoot /leaf ratio and fresh /dry matter weight ratio,and the distribution characteristics of their root systems in 0- 100 cm soil layers with 10 cm interval were studied. Results showed that the average aboveground fresh biomass(4 a and 5 a) of four forage legumes species successively were L. corniculatus 】 M. sativa 】 O. viciifolia 】 G. officinalis. The average plant heights in two years successively were O. viciifolia 】 M. sativa 】 G. officinalis 】 L. corniculatus. Tillers per unit area of four forage legume species in two years successively were M. sativa 】 L. corniculatus 】 O. viciifolia 】 G. officinalis. Fertile tillers per unit area in two years were O. viciifolia 】 M. sativa 】 L. corniculatus 】 G. officinalis. Average shoot /leaf ratio in two years were G. officinalis 】 M. sativa 】 O. viciifolia 】 L. corniculatus. Average moisture contents of four forage legume species in two years successively were G. officinalis 】 L. corniculatus 】 M. sativa = O. viciifolia. The distribution characteristics of root systems of four forage legumes species in 0- 100 cm soil layers were as follows: the root weights of M. sativa in 0- 40 cm soil layers accounted for about 98. 3% of total root weight,that of O. viciifolia in 0- 30 cm soil layers was 85. 8%,that of L. corniculatus in 0- 10 cm soil layers was 80%,and that of G. officinalis in 0- 40 cm soil layers was 81. 4%. The results suggested that L. corniculatus was suited to plant in slighter degraded pasture to control water and soil erosion in early stage,G. officinalis with strong lateral roots was adapted to degraded grassland in the Loess Plateau where soil nutrient was poor,while O. viciifolia and M. sativa with potentially strong main root were fit for water and soil conservation in the losses plateau for long term.展开更多
【目的】水肥是旱地农业作物高产的主要限制因素,研究水磷耦合对藜麦根系生长、生物量积累以及产量的影响,探明适合藜麦高产的水磷耦合配比,从而为旱地农业藜麦高产提供理论依据。【方法】以藜麦为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,对藜麦整个生...【目的】水肥是旱地农业作物高产的主要限制因素,研究水磷耦合对藜麦根系生长、生物量积累以及产量的影响,探明适合藜麦高产的水磷耦合配比,从而为旱地农业藜麦高产提供理论依据。【方法】以藜麦为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,对藜麦整个生长期进行不同灌水(W1、W2、W3分别按照土壤含水量为田间持水量的35%—45%、55%—65%、75%—85%),不同施磷(P0、P1、P2、P3分别为0、0.1、0.2、0.4 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))耦合处理,测定藜麦根系形态和生理指标、生物量积累以及成熟期产量。【结果】(1)在相同灌水处理下,不同根系参数(根系表面积、根系总长度、最大根长、根系直径、根体积)均在P2(0.2 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))水平下达到最大;在相同施磷水平下,根系最大根长与根系总长均在W2(土壤含水量为田间持水量的55%—65%)下达到最大,根系表面积在低磷水平(P0、P1)下,均表现为W2P0>W3P0,W2P1>W3P1,高磷水平(P2、P3)下,均表现为W2P2<W3P2,W2P3<W3P3,根系直径与根系体积均随着灌水量的增加逐渐增加;在重度干旱胁迫(W1)下,根系活力在P1(0.1 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))水平下达到最大,其他灌水处理下,根系活力均在P2(0.2 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))水平下达到最大。在3种灌水处理下,根系POD、SOD活性均在P2(0.2 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))水平下达到最高,而根系MDA含量、可溶性糖与脯氨酸含量降到最低。(2)适宜的水磷耦合配比(W3P1、W3P2)有利于藜麦各营养器官生物量(茎重、叶重)的积累以及后期产量的形成,而根重、序重在W2P3组合最优。高水处理更有利于植株对茎、叶生物量的分配,低水处理有利于植株对根、序生物量的分配,在重度干旱胁迫(W1)下,高的施磷量(P2与P3)均显著提高了植株对根重与序重的生物量分配。(3)在3种灌水处理下,施磷量均在P2(0.2 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))水平下有利于植株顶穗的形成。分枝数、穗数、单株粒重与千粒重均表现出低磷促进,高磷抑制的单峰曲线,均在P2(0.2 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))水平达到峰值;各施磷水平下,单株粒重与千粒重均在正常灌水(W3)达到最大。【结论】适宜的施磷量P2(0.2 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))可以促进藜麦根系生长,增大根系与土壤的接触面积,提高根系活力,增强根系抗氧化能力,从而提高藜麦的抗旱能力;适宜的水磷耦合配比(W3P2)有利于藜麦各营养器官生物量的积累以及后期产量的形成。展开更多
基金supported by the Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1203201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41371516, 31100144)
文摘Desert phreatophytes are greatly dependent on groundwater, but how their root systems adapt to different groundwater depths is poorly understood. In the present study, shoot and root growths of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. seedlings were studied across a gradient of groundwater depths. Leaves, stems and roots of different orders were measured after 120 days of different groundwater treatments. Results indicated that the depth of soil wetting front and the vertical distribution of soil water contents were highly controlled by groundwater depths. The shoot growth and biomass of A. sparsifolia decreased, but the root growth and rooting depth increased under deeper groundwater conditions. The higher ratios of root biomass, root/shoot and root length/leaf area under deeper groundwater conditions implied that seedlings of A. sparsifolia economized carbon cost on their shoot growths. The roots of A. sparsifolia distributed evenly around the soil wetting fronts under deeper groundwater conditions. Root diameters and root lengths of all orders were correlated with soil water availabilities both within and among treatments. Seedlings of A. sparsifolia produced finer first- and second-order roots but larger third- and fourth-order roots in dry soils. The results demonstrated that the root systems of desert phreatophytes can be optimized to acquire groundwater resources and maximize seedling growth by balancing the costs of carbon gain.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program(2014CB138704)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31302023)
文摘Production performance of four forage legumes species of Medicago sativa,Onobrychis viciifolia,Lotus corniculatus and Galega officinalis were determined,including plant height,above-ground biomass per unit area,tillers per unit area,fertile tillers per unit area,shoot /leaf ratio and fresh /dry matter weight ratio,and the distribution characteristics of their root systems in 0- 100 cm soil layers with 10 cm interval were studied. Results showed that the average aboveground fresh biomass(4 a and 5 a) of four forage legumes species successively were L. corniculatus 】 M. sativa 】 O. viciifolia 】 G. officinalis. The average plant heights in two years successively were O. viciifolia 】 M. sativa 】 G. officinalis 】 L. corniculatus. Tillers per unit area of four forage legume species in two years successively were M. sativa 】 L. corniculatus 】 O. viciifolia 】 G. officinalis. Fertile tillers per unit area in two years were O. viciifolia 】 M. sativa 】 L. corniculatus 】 G. officinalis. Average shoot /leaf ratio in two years were G. officinalis 】 M. sativa 】 O. viciifolia 】 L. corniculatus. Average moisture contents of four forage legume species in two years successively were G. officinalis 】 L. corniculatus 】 M. sativa = O. viciifolia. The distribution characteristics of root systems of four forage legumes species in 0- 100 cm soil layers were as follows: the root weights of M. sativa in 0- 40 cm soil layers accounted for about 98. 3% of total root weight,that of O. viciifolia in 0- 30 cm soil layers was 85. 8%,that of L. corniculatus in 0- 10 cm soil layers was 80%,and that of G. officinalis in 0- 40 cm soil layers was 81. 4%. The results suggested that L. corniculatus was suited to plant in slighter degraded pasture to control water and soil erosion in early stage,G. officinalis with strong lateral roots was adapted to degraded grassland in the Loess Plateau where soil nutrient was poor,while O. viciifolia and M. sativa with potentially strong main root were fit for water and soil conservation in the losses plateau for long term.
文摘【目的】水肥是旱地农业作物高产的主要限制因素,研究水磷耦合对藜麦根系生长、生物量积累以及产量的影响,探明适合藜麦高产的水磷耦合配比,从而为旱地农业藜麦高产提供理论依据。【方法】以藜麦为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,对藜麦整个生长期进行不同灌水(W1、W2、W3分别按照土壤含水量为田间持水量的35%—45%、55%—65%、75%—85%),不同施磷(P0、P1、P2、P3分别为0、0.1、0.2、0.4 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))耦合处理,测定藜麦根系形态和生理指标、生物量积累以及成熟期产量。【结果】(1)在相同灌水处理下,不同根系参数(根系表面积、根系总长度、最大根长、根系直径、根体积)均在P2(0.2 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))水平下达到最大;在相同施磷水平下,根系最大根长与根系总长均在W2(土壤含水量为田间持水量的55%—65%)下达到最大,根系表面积在低磷水平(P0、P1)下,均表现为W2P0>W3P0,W2P1>W3P1,高磷水平(P2、P3)下,均表现为W2P2<W3P2,W2P3<W3P3,根系直径与根系体积均随着灌水量的增加逐渐增加;在重度干旱胁迫(W1)下,根系活力在P1(0.1 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))水平下达到最大,其他灌水处理下,根系活力均在P2(0.2 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))水平下达到最大。在3种灌水处理下,根系POD、SOD活性均在P2(0.2 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))水平下达到最高,而根系MDA含量、可溶性糖与脯氨酸含量降到最低。(2)适宜的水磷耦合配比(W3P1、W3P2)有利于藜麦各营养器官生物量(茎重、叶重)的积累以及后期产量的形成,而根重、序重在W2P3组合最优。高水处理更有利于植株对茎、叶生物量的分配,低水处理有利于植株对根、序生物量的分配,在重度干旱胁迫(W1)下,高的施磷量(P2与P3)均显著提高了植株对根重与序重的生物量分配。(3)在3种灌水处理下,施磷量均在P2(0.2 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))水平下有利于植株顶穗的形成。分枝数、穗数、单株粒重与千粒重均表现出低磷促进,高磷抑制的单峰曲线,均在P2(0.2 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))水平达到峰值;各施磷水平下,单株粒重与千粒重均在正常灌水(W3)达到最大。【结论】适宜的施磷量P2(0.2 g P_2O_5·kg^(-1))可以促进藜麦根系生长,增大根系与土壤的接触面积,提高根系活力,增强根系抗氧化能力,从而提高藜麦的抗旱能力;适宜的水磷耦合配比(W3P2)有利于藜麦各营养器官生物量的积累以及后期产量的形成。
