黄刺玫(Rosa xanthina Lindl.)嫩枝扦插生根过程的解剖学研究

文章对黄刺玫嫩枝扦插生根过程中不定根的发生发育进行了解剖学研究,结果表明,黄刺玫插条内未见潜伏根原基,属诱生根原基生根型。黄刺玫的诱生根原基产生于愈伤组织,为较难生根树种。

Exogenous calcium enhances the physiological status and photosynthetic capacity of rose under drought stress

Drought(water shortage)can substantially limit the yield and economic value of rose plants(Rosa spp.).Here,we characterized the effect of exogenous calcium(Ca^(2+))on the antioxidant system and photosynthesis-related properties of rose under polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG6000)-induced drought stress.Chlorophyll levels,as well as leaf and root biomass,were significantly reduced by drought;drought also had a major effect on the enzymatic antioxidant system and increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species.Application of exogenous Ca^(2+)increased the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of leaves,enhanced water-use efficiency,and increased the length and width of stomata following exposure to drought.Organ-specific physiological responses were observed under different concentrations of Ca^(2+).Application of 5 mmol·L^(-1)Ca^(2+)promoted photosynthesis and antioxidant activity in the leaves,and application of 10 mmol·L^(-1)Ca^(2+)promoted antioxidant activity in the roots.Application of exogenous Ca^(2+)greatly enhanced the phenotype and photosynthetic capacity of potted rose plants following exposure to drought stress.Overall,our findings indicate that the application of exogenous Ca^(2+)enhances the drought resistance of roses by promoting physiological adaptation and that it could be used to aid the cultivation of rose plants.

云南滇西北地区蔷薇属(Rosa L.)植物资源调查与评价

对滇西北地区蔷薇属植物的系统调查和资料整理,共记录该地区蔷薇31种;同时分析了该属植物在滇西北的分布规律及生境类型,并利用层次分析法对主要种类的园林应用、经济价值和特有种质进行评价,为保存和利用资源提供依据。

滇西北地区蔷薇属(Rosa L.)种质资源调查

对云南滇西北地区的蔷薇属种质资源进行了系统调查,根据资料整理,表明该地区有蔷薇属种质资源32种5个变种,隶属于6组6系;分析了该属植物在滇西北的垂直分布和水平规律及生境类型,对主要种类的观赏性状及利用价值进行了评价,为滇西北蔷薇属资源的保护和合理开发奠定了基础。

DNA条形码、形态学与地理分布相结合的植物果实(种子)鉴定方法——以口岸截获的外来入侵植物犬蔷薇(Rosa canina L.)为例

以单一方法鉴定物种具有参考文献(或比对数据)少、专业要求高的缺点。以新疆口岸进境货车截获的未知植物果实为例,从分子、形态、地理分布3个维度,对该未知果实逐级进行分类鉴定。根据ITS、atp F-H、psb K-I 3段植物DNA通用条形码序列,以及形态学和地理分布信息,最终确定该未知果实为原产于西亚的蔷薇科蔷薇属犬蔷薇(Rosa canina L.)。本方法简单、准确,弥补了现有单一检测鉴定技术的不足,适用于进境产品中植物果实或种子的检疫鉴定。

扶桑(Hibiscus rosa-siensis L)的离体快繁

以扶桑带嫩芽的茎段为外植体进行快繁。试验结果表明:最佳基本培养基为1/2MS;为防止褐化可加入抗坏血酸(100 mg/L);最有效诱导丛生芽的激素配比为6-BA(4.0 mg/L)+NAA(0.5mg/L);最佳诱导生根的激素配比为1/2MS+100 mg/L抗坏血酸+NAA1.0 mg/L。该技术为扶桑的规模化生产提供了技术保障。

Expression Vector Construction and Genetic Transformation of <i>Rosa rugosa β</i>-l,3-Glucanase Gene (<i>RrGlu</i>)

In order to lay a foundation for researching the function of Rosa rugose (R. rugosa) RrGlu gene, the RrGlu gene was amplified from the styles of R. rugosa “Tanghong”, a gene expression vector named PBI121-RrGlu was constructed and the vector was introduced into tobacco with the agrobacterium-mediated method. PCR results showed that the RrGlu gene was integrated into the tobacco genome.

Antimicrobial Effectiveness on Selected Bacterial Species and Alkaloid and Saponin Content of <i>Rosa nutkana</i>C. Presl (Nootka Rose) and <i>Urtica dioica</i>L. (Stinging Nettle) Extracts

Nootka rose (Rosa nutkana C. Presl) and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) have been traditionally used in the treatment of skin infection by Indigenous peoples of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The main objective of this study was to examine the antibacterial efficacy of extracts of Nootka rose and stinging nettle against the common pathogenic skin bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Indigenous science and standard methods of analysis. The Indigenous science method of plant extraction by steeping as advised by the Traditional Knowledge keeper was performed to examine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) by serial dilution and bacterial population counts. Soxhlet extractions and Kirby Bauer disc sensitivity testing showed that Nootka rose extracts possessed antibacterial effectiveness against all three bacterial species while stinging nettle extracts were effective against M. luteus. Results for MIC and MBC indicated antibacterial activity against M. luteus and S. aureus for the Nootka rose when using full-strength solutions;all three bacterial species exhibited growth when undiluted stinging nettle treatments were used. When considering bacterial population counts for S. aureus, results indicated that only the Nootka rose treatment offered effective inhibition. Chemical analysis showed that alkaloid percentage was greater in the stinging nettle (0.17%) than Nootka rose (0.07%), while saponin percentage was greater in the Nootka rose (0.87%) than stinging nettle (0.17%). Overall, Nootka rose showed a greater level of antibacterial effectiveness than stinging nettle by Indigenous and Western scientific methods of plant extract preparation.

Sterilization of <i>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i>L. Vegetative Explants Sourced from Plants Grown in Open Environment and Influences of Organic Ingredients on <i>In Vitro</i>Direct Regeneration

This paper reports on the effects of organic ingredients in facilitating direct shoot regeneration from nodal explants of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. This paper also compares the sterilization conditions for 3 types of explants (node, internode, and shoot tip) harvested from an open field. The optimized sterilization conditions for the explants were 40% Clorox- 20 min exposure, 10% Clorox-15 min exposure, and 5% Clorox-40 min exposure for the node, internode and shoot tip, respectively. In the direct shoot regeneration using the nodal explants, we found MS medium containing 40 g/L sucrose, 0.3% (w/v) activated charcoal, and supplementations with myo-inositol, thiamine and nicotinic acid were suitable. The in vitro shoot survival rate was 30% with a mean leaf numbers of 2.68 produced, and a mean leaf length of 1.71 cm achieved after 5 weeks of culture on the modified medium.

Determining the effect of Plantago major L. and Rosa damascene herbal ointment for bedsore healing

Background:Bedsores are damage or loss of skin integrity due to prolonged pressure which there are several ways to treat and prevent them.The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Plantago major L.and Rosa damascene herbal ointment for bedsore healing in hospitalized patients.Methods:This clinical trial study was accomplished with 100 patients divided into control(50 patients)and intervention(50 patients)groups.The control group had received routine treatment(dressing with Comfeel),but the intervention group only had received herbal ointment and then both groups were compared with each other through the pressure ulcer scale for healing(PUSH)tool.Results:The mean and standard deviation of recovery time in the Comfeel group was 27.40±12.467 and in the herbal ointment group was 21.57±12.695.In the pre-intervention evaluation,the mean and standard deviation of the PUSH score in the herbal ointment group was 10.44±0.323 while in the last evaluation in the same group it was 0.68±0.288 but in the Comfeel group,in the pre-intervention evaluation,the mean and standard deviation of the PUSH score was 10.68±0.317,while in the last evaluation it was 1.98±0.472.The highest frequency of bedsores in the study units was in the sacral region(49%)and the lowest frequency was in the sole of the foot with 1%.Conclusion:The results showed that Plantago major L.and Rosa damascene herbal ointment was effective in accelerating recovery time and wound healing.

玫瑰与黄刺玫自然越冬抗寒性比较

为比较玫瑰与黄刺玫自然越冬抗寒性响应机制,在植株越冬期间(2020年10月—2021年3月),以玫瑰与黄刺玫的当年生枝条为试材,测定分析7个生理生化指标,对两者进行抗寒性分析比较,研究其抗寒生理机理。结果表明,在整个越冬期间,7个指标在玫瑰与黄刺玫枝条内变化趋势一致;丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖含量在玫瑰枝条内高于黄刺玫;玫瑰枝条的电导率变化幅度大于黄刺玫;含水量、可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性3个指标黄刺玫均高于玫瑰;黄刺玫枝条内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在抗冻阶段高于玫瑰。结合隶属函数综合评价,在自然越冬前期,玫瑰的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、SOD起主要抗冷作用,在整个越冬期间,玫瑰可溶性糖含量始终持续较高,起到保护作用;黄刺玫通过可溶性蛋白和SOD适应低温,在自然越冬后期,POD含量升高,SOD含量始终维持较高水平,共同在抗冻阶段起到保护作用。在玫瑰与黄刺玫自然越冬期间,黄刺玫的抗寒性强于玫瑰,黄刺玫通过POD、SOD抵御低温,玫瑰通过可溶性糖抵御低温。

GL生根剂对扶桑插条生根及碳水化合物分配的影响

用ＧＬ生根剂（ＩＢＡ１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ＋粉锈宁１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＰＰ３３３２ｍｇ／Ｌ）５０ｍｇ／Ｌ浸泡扶桑插条基部２４小时，提高了插条的生根率、生根数、根干重，并扩大了生根范围。插条叶光合速率高于对照８２．８％，分配到叶的１４Ｃ－光合产物比对照少，而分配到茎和不定根的光合产物高于对照。插条叶和不定根中的可溶性糖、淀粉和纤维素含量低于对照，并随处理后天数的延长逐渐减少，木质素含量增加；茎和插条基部的可溶性糖含量高于对照。

L16（4^5）正交实验优化黄刺玫花黄酮物质提取工艺

目的:采用有机溶剂提取法研究不同影响因素对黄刺玫花中黄酮类物质的提取工艺优化。方法:实验室选用芦丁作为标准对照,有机溶剂乙醇提取后紫外分光光度法测定其内部的黄酮含量做评价,实验选取紫外光照射时间、水浴温度、溶剂体积比、提取时间、提取次数等进行正交实验的方法学考察,做出最佳工艺流程。结果:最佳提取工艺为紫外光照射20分钟、水浴温度70℃、乙醇体积分数为80%、料液比1∶20,提取2次。结论:选用该方法操作简便、原理简单、得率较高、药效成分稳定性较好,为黄酮类物质的大规模工业化生产提供必要的相关依据。

基于靶向代谢组学分析不同花色大红花花青素的差异

【目的】大红花(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.)因花色丰富、观赏价值较高,被广泛应用于华南地区的城市绿化与园林造景中。研究大红花不同花色中花青素种类及含量的特征差异,分析大红花不同品种间代谢物特异性及共同性特征,为深入挖掘品种特性及花色定向育种提供理论和技术支撑。【方法】利用靶向代谢组学技术对白色(W)、红色(R)、黄色(Y)3种花色大红花花瓣组织中的花青素苷组成和含量进行测定,利用通路富集分析及多元统计学方法对代谢物进行功能注释、鉴定与分析。【结果】大红花W、R与Y花色中共检测出90种代谢物,其中差异代谢物共有78种,主要为矢车菊素(41.11%)、飞燕草素(20.00%)、芍药花素(13.33%)等。不同花色大红花间差异代谢物分别为62个(YvsR)、50个(YvsW)和65个(RvsW),其中共有差异代谢物22个。综合考虑各个比较组合差异显著性和绝对含量,发现矢车菊素-3-O-桑布双糖苷、天竺葵素-3-O-槐糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-龙胆二糖苷和芍药花素-3-O-葡萄糖苷含量在红色花中较高;飞燕草素-3-O-(6''-O-酒石酰)葡萄糖苷、原花青素B4和原花青素B3含量在黄色花中较高。KEGG代谢通路分析发现差异代谢物在不同花色的组织中显著富集。【结论】矢车菊素-3-O-桑布双糖苷、天竺葵素-3-O-槐糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-龙胆二糖苷和芍药花素-3-O-葡萄糖苷是大红花呈红色的重要代谢物,原花青素B3是花色呈黄色的重要代谢物。该结果初步揭示大红花不同花色的代谢物差异,可为大红花花色形成机制和花色改良提供理论参考。

GL生根剂对扶桑插条不定根皮层细胞超微结构的影响

研究了GL生根剂对扶桑插条不定根皮层细胞超微结构的影响。GL生根剂使皮层细胞中线粒体和内质网增加，液胞、线粒体和内质网膜有局部损害．经GL生根剂处理的皮层细胞含有的淀粉粒和脂质体数目较对照皮层细胞多．该实验结果为了解GL生根剂促进不定根形成的原因提供了细胞学基础．

金樱子总黄酮的HPLC指纹图谱的初步研究

应用RP-HPLC法、KF-C18分析柱、甲醇-1%冰乙酸水二元梯度洗脱,以1.0m l/min的流速在280nm波长下,对不同时期金樱子[Rosa laevigata Michx(L.)]总黄酮的HPLC指纹图谱进行初步研究,研究结果表明,不同时期金樱子果实中总黄酮的指纹图谱有比较显著的差异,能为金樱子黄酮类化合物建立一个指纹图谱库奠定基础,也为金樱子黄酮类化合物的相关研究工作提供了一定的参考。

月季RcLEA基因表达提高大肠杆菌对非生物胁迫耐性

[目的]研究RcLEA基因在月季品种中热诱导表达模式及RcLEA基因对多种非生物胁迫耐性。[方法]将耐热和不耐热月季品种进行38℃/3h热激处理,研究RcLEA基因在月季品种的热诱导表达模式;为验证月季RcLEA基因功能,将其转化E.coliBL21,将重组菌株BL21分别置于4、50℃及LiCl、NaCl、Na2CO3、CdCl2、H2O2胁迫下,研究重组菌株对高温、低温及非生物胁迫的响应。[结果]38℃/3h热激处理后,该基因在耐热月季品种‘曼海姆宫殿’(Schloss mannieim,SM)、‘赌城’(Lasvegas,LV)中强表达,而在不耐热品种‘新十全’(Kordes Perfecta,KP)弱表达或不表达,表明该基因与月季耐热性关系密切。重组菌株提高了对高温、低温、重金属、高盐、高pH值、氧化等非生物胁迫的耐性,表明RcLEA参与了上述非生物胁迫的响应。[结论]该研究为后续该基因导入不耐热月季品种提高月季耐热品质及其机理研究提供了思路,也为月季等园林观赏植物的耐热品种筛选提供了理论支持。

鲜花工艺品真空冷冻干燥工艺研究

将月季、石竹鲜花花茎浸泡在5.0%柠檬酸溶液中4~6 h,剪留花朵,用0.50~0.85 mm细砂包埋并在-18℃环境中预冻12 h,放入预设-30℃的冻干机中进行真空冷冻干燥。隔板温度设定从-5℃开始逐渐降温至-18℃进行升华干燥约20 h,再从-18℃逐渐升温至30℃进行解析干燥约8 h。得到的干花用10%聚乙二醇2000无水乙醇溶液进行表面喷洒处理,晾干后用不饱和树脂包埋,放入烘箱使其固化,打磨抛光可得到晶莹透亮的琥珀式鲜花工艺品。

The Expression of RcLEA Gene Improves Tolerance of E. coli Cells to Abiotic Stress

[Objective] This study was to reveal the heat induced expression model of RcLEA gene and its tolerance to various abiotic stresses.[Method] Heat resistant and heat sensitive varieties of Rosa hybrida L.were subjected to heat shock treatment at 38 ℃ for 3 h;then RcLEA gene from both varieties treated was cloned and transformed into Escherichia coli strain BL21;finally recombinant colonies were separately cultured at 4 ℃ and 50 ℃ under the stresses of LiCl,NaCl,Na2CO3,CdCl2 and H2O2 to study the responses of recombinant E.coli strains to high temperature,low temperature and some other abiotic stresses.[Result] After heat shock treatment at 38 ℃ for 3 h,RcLEA gene expressed highly in ＇Schloss mannieim＇（SM）and ＇Las vegas＇（LV）variety,but weakly or even not expressed in ＇Kordes＇ Perfecta＇（KP）,indicating that this gene is closely related with heat resistance of R.hybrida.Compared with WT strains,recombinant clones showed higher tolerance to abiotic stresses including high temperature,low temperature,heavy metal,high salt,high pH value and oxidation,suggesting that RcLEA is concerned with the response of R.hybrida to abiotic stresses mentioned above.[Conclusion] These results provide thoughts for increasing heat resistance by introducing RcLEA into heat sensitive R.hybrida varieties and studying the heat-resistant mechanism of R.hybrida,and also provide theoretical support for selecting heat resistant variety of landscape and ornamental plants like R.hybrida.

组学技术在蔷薇属植物研究进展

蔷薇属(Rosa)植物是目前世界上最主要的观赏植物之一,其种类丰富、花色各异、具有重要的经济、绿化及药用价值。随着测序技术和各项组学技术的不断发展,促进了蔷薇属以基因组学研究为基础,涵盖转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学及多组学的发展,为研究蔷薇属植物物种起源、遗传多样性、基因挖掘、分子机制解析、基因互作、蛋白互作等带来新的机遇。文中旨在探讨蔷薇属植物在基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、表观组学、比较基因组学等方面取得的最新研究进展,并对其发展前景进行展望,以期为分子辅助育种及分子编辑提供有益指导。