直接甲醇燃料电池高稳定性Pt/RuO_2/C阴极催化剂研究

应用湿化学法制备RuO2/C纳米复合物,并以其为载体借助微波法制备成Pt/RuO2/C催化剂.使用透射电镜和X射线衍射分析RuO2/C载体、Pt/RuO2/C催化剂的形貌及晶体结构;循环伏安、稳态阳极腐蚀和旋转圆盘电极等测试电化学性能.结果表明,Pt/RuO2/C催化剂具有良好的耐甲醇渗透性和稳定性,可有效延长催化剂的使用寿命.本文为探索新型高性能DMFC阴极催化剂之制备提供了一条较好的途径.

Ultrafine Pt nanoparticles supported on double-shelled C/TiO2 hollow spheres material as highly efficient methanol oxidation catalysts

Catalyst support is extremely important for future fuel cell devices.In this work,we developed doubleshelled C/TiO2(DSCT)hollow spheres as an excellent catalyst support via a template-directed method.The combination of hollow structure,TiO2 shell and carbon layer results in excellent electron conductivity,electrocatalytic activity,and chemical stability.These uniformed DSCT hollow spheres are used as catalyst support to synthesize Pt/DSCT hollow spheres electrocatalyst.The resulting Pt/DSCT hollow spheres exhibited high catalytic performance with a current density of 462 mA mg^-1 for methanol oxidation reaction,which is 2.52 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C.Furthermore,the increased tolerance to carbonaceous poisoning with a higher If/Ibratio and a better long-term stability in acid media suggests that the DSCT hollow sphere is a promising C/TiO2-based catalyst support for direct methanol fuel cells applications.

Mo_(2)C的原位合成及增强Co基催化剂氨硼烷水解产氢性能

为了研究Mo_(2)C与Co之间的协同作用对催化氨硼烷水解制氢的影响,采用分步浸渍法制备了Co-30Mo_(2)C/CNTs复合纳米材料。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱对催化剂进行表征,并考察了其催化氨硼烷水解制氢性能。结果表明,实验方法成功合成Co-30Mo_(2)C/CNTs,Co和Mo_(2)C可以较均匀分散在CNTs周围,且Mo_(2)C可以局部生长成棒状结构,对团聚成块状的CNTs起支撑作用,使催化剂可以具有更多空隙,暴露更多活性位点。对Co-30Mo_(2)C/CNTs、30Mo_(2)C/CNTs和10Co/CNTs中的Co、Mo元素结合能进行分析,发现存在部分电子转移,影响并改善了Co-30Mo_(2)C/CNTs的催化活性。Co-30Mo_(2)C/CNTs催化氨硼烷水解产氢速率最高,可达11866m L/(g·min),这优异的催化活性归结于Co和Mo_(2)C之间的协同作用,Mo_(2)C的添加增强了对H_2O分子的活化。经过五圈稳定性测试后,活性依然可以保留75%,这对非贵金属催化剂的可回收投入使用具有一定的研究意义。

铁助剂对Rh-Mn-Li/SiO_2催化剂催化CO加氢制二碳含氧化合物性能的影响

采用CO加氢反应、程序升温还原 (TPR)、CO吸附和CO脱附等技术 ,研究了Fe助剂对Rh Mn Li/SiO2 催化剂上CO加氢合成二碳含氧化物反应的影响 .结果表明 ,Mn ,Li和Fe的加入明显提高了Rh催化剂的活性及选择性 ,特别是在 1%Rh 1%Mn 0 0 75 %Li/SiO2 催化剂中加入 0 0 5 %Fe后 ,C2 + 含氧化物的时空收率由 331 6 g/ (kg·h)提高到 45 7 5g/ (kg·h) .但当Fe的加入量继续增加时 ,催化剂的活性及选择性下降 ,甲醇的选择性上升 .TPR实验表明 ,当加入少量Fe(0 0 5 %～ 0 5 %)时 ,TPR的峰面积随Fe加入量的增大而增大 ,Fe的加入使Rh的还原温度向高温移动 ,Mn的还原温度向低温移动 ,Fe的还原峰与Rh和Mn的还原峰相重叠 ,由此推断这些Fe与Rh是处于紧密接触状态的 .当Fe含量增加到 1%时 ,样品在 5 2 2K出现一个新的谱峰 ,该峰可归属为与Rh非紧密接触的Fe的还原峰 .CO的吸附实验表明 ,当Fe的加入量超过一定值后 ,CO吸附量下降 .CO的脱附实验表明 ,在Rh基催化剂中加入少量Fe后 ,强吸附的CO增多 ,但当Fe的加入量超过一定值时 ,强吸附的CO量下降 .

炭载体制备条件对Pd(OH)_(2)/C催化剂氢解脱苄性能的影响

为提高六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL‑20)合成过程中氢解脱苄催化剂的活性、降低贵金属Pd用量,本研究以葡萄糖酸钠为原料采用球磨/碳化方法制备了炭载体,实验主要探索了葡萄糖酸钠的碳化温度、升温速率及助剂等因素对炭载体结构及相应氢氧化钯碳(Pd(OH)_(2)/C)催化剂在六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HBIW)和四乙酰基二苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADB)氢解脱苄反应中催化活性的影响。采用氮气等温吸附(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X‑射线粉末衍射(XRD)、元素分析及程序升温脱附(TPD)对炭载体的孔结构、颗粒形貌、晶相结构、化学组成及表面化学性质进行了表征。结果表明:以葡萄糖酸钠为原料制备炭载体的较佳碳化温度为700℃,升温速率为10℃·min^(-1),引入助剂NaHCO_(3)可调变葡萄糖酸钠碳化过程中的膨化程度。在此优化条件下制备的炭载体具有丰富多级孔结构和适量的表面含氧官能团,相应Pd(OH)_(2)/C催化剂在HBIW和TADB氢解脱苄反应中显示出优异催化活性。

mIL-2R,T cell subsets & hepatitis C

AIM: To study the levels of membrane interleukin-2 receptor (mIL-2R) and T cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with hepatitis C and their role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C. METHODS: The levels of mIL-2R and T cells subsets in PBMC were detected by biotin- streptatividin (BSA) technique before and after stimulation with PHA in 203 patients with hepatitis C with HCV-RNA(+), anti-HCV(+), anti-HCV(-). RESULTS: The total expressive levels of mIL-2R before and after stimulation with PHA(0.03+/-0.01, 0.03+/-0.02, 0.04+/-0.02, 0.36+/-0.03), and T cell subsets in PBMC (0.62+/-0.06, 0.37+/-0.05, 0.35+/-0.07) were all lower in patients with hepatitis C than those in normal controls (0.66+/-0.07, 0.41+/-0.06, 0.31+/-0.05, P【0.01). Among the patients, the levels of mIL-2R were lower in silence than those in situation of PHA inducting (P【0.01). However, the levels of mIL-2R were similar in acute hepatitis C to that in chronic hepatitis C (P】0.05). The levels of CD(3)(+), CD(4)(+), CD(4)(+)/CD(8)(+) were lower and CD(8)(+) was higher in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis C with anti-HCV(+) than those in normal controls (0.62+/-0.06, 0.37+/-0.05, 0.35+/-0.07, 1.18+/-0.30, 0.61+/-0.07, 0.37+/-0.05, 1.39+/-0.33, 0.31+/-0.05, P【0.05-P【0.01). CONCLUSION: The cellular immunity is obviously changed in patients with hepatitis C. The levels of mIL-2R and activation of T cells are closely associated with chronicity of hepatitis C.

Bcl-2 over-expression and activation of protein kinase C suppress the Trail-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells

Trail, a tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, is a novel potent endogenous activator of the cell death pathway through the activation of cell surface death receptors Trail-R1 and Trail-R2. Its role, like FasL in activation-induced cell death (AICD), has been demonstrated in immune system. However the mechanism of Trail induced apoptosis remains unclear. In this report, the recombinant Trail protein was expressed and purified. The apoptosis-inducing activity and the regulation mechanism of recombinant Trail on Jurkat T cells were explored in vitro. Trypan blue exclusion assay demonstrated that the recombinant Trail protein actively killed Jurkat T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Trail-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells were remarkably reduced by Bcl-2 over expression in Bcl-2 gene transfected cells. Treatment with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), a PKC activator, suppressed Trail-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells. The inhibition of apoptosis by PMA was abolished by pretreatment with Bis, a PKC inhibitor. Taken together, it was suggested that Bcl-2 over-expression and PMA activated PKC actively down-regulated the Trail-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat T cell.

Systematic variation of the sodium/sulfur promoter content on carbon-supported iron catalysts for the Fischer–Tropsch to olefins reaction

The Fischer–Tropsch to olefins（FTO） process is a method for the direct conversion of synthesis gas to lower C–Colefins. Carbon-supported iron carbide nanoparticles are attractive catalysts for this reaction.The catalytic activity can be improved and undesired formation of alkanes can be suppressed by the addition of sodium and sulfur as promoters but the influence of their content and ratio remains poorly understood and the promoted catalysts often suffer from rapid deactivation due to particle growth. A series of carbon black-supported iron catalysts with similar iron content and nominal sodium/sulfur loadings of 1–30/0.5–5 wt% with respect to iron are prepared and characterized under FTO conditions at 1and 10 bar syngas pressure to illuminate the influence of the promoter level on the catalytic properties.Iron particles and promoters undergo significant reorganization during FTO operation under industrially relevant conditions. Low sodium content（1–3 wt%） leads to a delay in iron carbide formation. Sodium contents of 15–30 wt% lead to rapid loss of catalytic activity due to the covering of the iron surface with promoters during particle growth under FTO operation. Higher activity and slower loss of activity are observed at low promoter contents（1–3 wt% sodium and 0.5–1 wt% sulfur） but a minimum amount of alkali is required to effectively suppress methane and C–Cparaffin formation. A reference catalyst support（carbide-derived carbon aerogel） shows that the optimum promoter level depends on iron particle size and support pore structure.

Identification of the epitopes on HCV core protein recognized by HLA-A2 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes

AIM: To identify hepatitis C virus(HCV) core protein epitopes recognized by HLA-A2 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). METHODS: Utilizing the method of computer prediction followed by a 4h(51)Cr release assay confirmation. RESULTS: The results showed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from two HLA-A2 positive donors who were infected with HCV could lyse autologous target cells labeled with peptide "ALAHGVRAL (core 150-158)". The rates of specific lysis of the cells from the two donors were 37.5% and 15.8%, respectively. Blocking of the CTL response with anti-CD4 mAb caused no significant decrease of the specific lysis. But blocking of CTL response with anti-CD8 mAb could abolish the lysis. CONCLUSION: The peptide (core 150-158) is the candidate epitope recognized by HLAA2 restricted CTL.

JTE-522-induced apoptosis in human gastric adenocarinoma cell line AGS cells by caspase activation accompanying cytochrome C release,membrane translocation of Bax and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential

AIM: To investigate the role of the mitochondrial pathway in JTE-522-induced apoptosis and to investigate the relationship between cytochrome C release, caspase activity and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim). METHODS: Cell culture, cell counting, ELISA assay, TUNEL, flow cytometry, Western blot and fluorometric assay were employed to investigate the effect of JTE-522 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in AGS cells and related molecular mechanism. RESULTS: JTE-522 inhibited the growth of AGS cells and induced the apoptosis. Caspases 8 and 9 were activated during apoptosis as judged by the appearance of cleavage products from procaspase and the caspase activities to cleave specific fluorogenic substrates. To elucidate whether the activation of caspases 8 and 9 was required for the apoptosis induction, we examined the effect of caspase-specific inhibitors on apoptosis. The results showed that caspase inhibitors significantly inhibited the apoptosis induced by JTE-522. In addition, the membrane translocation of Bax and cytosolic release of cytochrome C accompanying with the decrease of the uptake of Rhodamin 123, were detected at an early stage of apoptosis. Furthermore, Bax translocation, cytochrome C release, and caspase 9 activation were blocked by Z-VAD.fmk and Z-IETD-CHO. CONCLUSION: The present data indicate a crucial association between activation of caspases 8, 9, cytochrome C release, membrane translocation of Bax, loss of Deltapsim and JTE-522-induced apoptosis in AGS cells.

Hybrid connectionist model determines CO_2–oil swelling factor

In-depth understanding of interactions between crude oil and CO2 provides insight into the CO2-based enhanced oil recovery（EOR） process design and simulation. When CO2 contacts crude oil, the dissolution process takes place. This phenomenon results in the oil swelling, which depends on the temperature, pressure, and composition of the oil. The residual oil saturation in a CO2-based EOR process is inversely proportional to the oil swelling factor. Hence, it is important to estimate this influential parameter with high precision. The current study suggests the predictive model based on the least-squares support vector machine（LS-SVM） to calculate the CO2–oil swelling factor. A genetic algorithm is used to optimize hyperparameters（у and б^2） of the LS-SVM model. This model showed a high coefficient of determination（R^2= 0.9953） and a low value for the mean-squared error（MSE = 0.0003） based on the available experimental data while estimating the CO2–oil swelling factor. It was found that LS-SVM is a straightforward and accurate method to determine the CO2–oil swelling factor with negligible uncertainty. This method can be incorporated in commercial reservoir simulators to include the effect of the CO2–oil swelling factor when adequate experimental data are not available.

Buddy Study: Partners for better health in adolescents with type 2 diabetes

AIM: To investigate whether assigning young, healthy and motivated lay volunteer partners("buddies") to adolescents with type 2 diabetes improves hemoglobin A1c(HbA 1c). METHODS: Adolescents with type 2 diabetes were randomized to partnering with a "buddy" or to conventional treatment. During the initial screening visit, which coincided with a routine outpatient diabetes clinic visit, patients with type 2 diabetes underwent a physical examination, detailed medical history, laboratory measurement of HbA 1c, and completed two questionnaires(Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and Children's Depression Inventory) to assess their overall quality of life and the presence of depressive symptoms. Patients were then randomized to the intervention(the buddy system) or conventional treatment(standard care). All patients were scheduled to return for followup at 3- and 6-mo after their initial visit. Hb A1 c was determined at all visits(i.e., at screening and at the 3- and 6-mo follow-up visits) and quality of life and depressive symptoms were evaluated at the screening visit and were reassessed at the 6-mo visit. RESULTS: Ten adolescents, recruited from a pool of approximately 200 adolescents, enrolled over a twoyear time period, leading to premature termination of the study. In contrast, we easily recruited motivated lay volunteers. We found no change in HbA 1c from the initial to the 6-mo visit in either group, yet our small sample size limited systematic assessment of this outcome. Participants repeatedly missed clinic appointments, failed to conduct self-glucose-monitoring and rarely brought their glucometers to clinic visits. Total quality of life scores(72.6 ± 6.06) at screening were similar to previously reported scores in adolescents with type 2 diabetes(75.7 ± 15.0) and lower than scores reported in normal-weight(81.2 ± 0.9), overweight(83.5 ± 1.8), and obese youths without diabetes(78.5 ± 1.8) or in adolescents with type 1 diabetes(80.5 ± 13.1). Among adolescents who returned for their 6-mo visit, there were no differences in total quality of life scores(70.2 ± 9.18) between screening and follow-up.CONCLUSION: Our approach, effective in adults with type 2 diabetes, was unsuccessful among adolescents and emphasizes the need for innovative strategies for diabetes treatment in adolescent patients.

Pretreatment of Alumina and Its Influence on the Properties of Co/Alumina Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

16.6%Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method were used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The support was pre-treated with different concentration of NH4NO3 aqueous solution. The effect of support pre-treatment on the properties of support and performance of supportedcobalt-based catalysts was investigated. To treat the support with NH4NO3 aqueous solution enlarged the pore of γ-Al2O3, decreased the impurity Na2O content, and weakened the surface acidity of γ-Al2O3. The change in the properties of the support decreased the interaction between cobalt species and support, enhanced the CO hydrogenation rate and the C5＋ selectivity. For all catalysts, increasing the reaction temperature increased the CO hydrogenation rate or the CO conversion, slightly decreased the total hydrocarbon selectivity, and favored the formation of methane and light hydrocarbons, while the chain growth probability decreased. For 16.6%Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, prepared with the support treated with 100 g/L NH4NO3 aqueous solution, the CO conversion, the CH4 selectivity, and the C5＋ selectivity were 83.13%, 6.86% and 82.75% respectively, and the chain growth probability was 0.83 under the condition of 493 K, 1.5 MPa, 500 h-1 and the molar ratio of H2 to CO being 2.0 in feed.

Effect of a cancer vaccine prepared by fusions of hepatocarcinoma cells with dendritic cells

AIM: To prepare a cancer vaccine (H(22)-DC) expressing high levels of costimulatory molecules based on fusions of hepatocarcinoma cells (H(22)) with dendritic cells (DC) of mice and to analyze the biological characteristics and induction of specific CTL activity of H(22)-DC. METHODS: DCs were isolated from murine spleen by metrizamide density gradient centrifugation, purified based on its characteristics of semi-adhesion to culture plates and FcR-,and were cultured in the medium containing GM-CSF and IL-4. A large number of DC were harvested. DCs were then fused with H(22) cells by PEG and the fusion cells were marked with CD11c MicroBeads. The H(22)-DC was sorted with Mimi MACS sorter. The techniques of cell culture, immunocytochemistry and light microscopy were also used to test the characteristics of growth and morphology of H(22)-DC in vitro. As the immunogen, H(22)-DC was inoculated subcutaneously into the right armpit of BALB/C mice, and their tumorigenicity in vivo was observed. MTT was used to test the CTL activity of murine spleen in vivo. RESULTS: DC cells isolated and generated were CD11c+ cells with irregular shape, and highly expressed CD80, CD86 and CD54 molecules. H22 cells were CD11c- cells with spherical shape and bigger volume, and did not express CD80, CD86 and CD54 molecules.H(22)-DC was CD11c+ cells with bigger volume, being spherical, flat or irregular in shape, and highly expressed CD80, CD86 and CD54 molecules, too. H(22)-DC was able to divide and proliferate in vitro, but its activity of proliferation was significantly decreased as compared with H(22) cells and its growth curve was flatter than H(22) cells. After subcutaneous inoculation over 60 days, H(22)-DC showed no tumorigenecity in mice, which was significantly different from control groups (P【0.01). The spleen CTL activity against H(22) cells in mice implanted with fresh H(22)-DC was significantly higher than control groups (P 【 0.01). CONCLUSION: H(22)-DC could significantly stimulate the specific CTL activity of murine spleen, which suggests that the fusion cells have already obtained the function of antigen presenting of parental DC and could present H(22)specific antigen which has not been identified yet, and H(22)-DC could induce antitumor immune response; although simply mixed H(22) cells with DC could stimulate the specific CTL activity which could inhibit the growth of tumor in some degree, it could not prevent the generation of tumor. It shows that the DC vaccine is likely to become a helpful approach in immunotherapy of hepatocarcinoma.

Valproic acid protects neurons and promotes neuronal regeneration after brachial plexus avulsion

Valproic acid has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects and promote neurite outgrowth in several peripheral nerve injury models. However, whether valproic acid can exert its beneficial effect on neurons after brachial plexus avulsion injury is currently unknown. In this study, brachial plexus root avulsion models, established in Wistar rats, were administered daily with valproic acid dis-solved in drinking water （300 mg/kg） or normal water. On days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14 and 28 after avulsion injury, tissues of the C 5-T 1 spinal cord segments of the avulsion injured side were harvested to in-vestigate the expression of Bcl-2, c-Jun and growth associated protein 43 by real-time PCR and western blot assay. Results showed that valproic acid significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2 and growth associated protein 43, and reduced the c-Jun expression after brachial plexus avulsion. Our findings indicate that valproic acid can protect neurons in the spinal cord and enhance neuronal regeneration fol owing brachial plexus root avulsion.

Application of a rapid exchange extension catheter technique in type

BACKGROUND In transradial intervention procedures,poor back-up support and noncoaxial alignment of the guide catheter(GC)may result in failure of the balloon or stent to reach the targeted lesion.Methods to provide extra back-up support using the original GC and wire can improve procedural success with reduced complications.A rapid exchange guide extension catheter provides convenient and efficient back-up support while preserving the initial GC and inserted wire.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rapid exchange extension catheter in the treatment of type B2/C nonocclusive coronary lesions via the radial access.METHODS A total of 135 patients with type B2/C nonocclusive lesions who were treated via the transradial approach were enrolled in the study.The clinical characteristics,indications for use of the rapid exchange extension catheter,and procedural details and results were reviewed and analyzed.All procedure-related complications and major adverse cardiovascular events were recorded during the in-hospital stay and follow-up period.RESULTS The most common indication for the use of a rapid exchange extension catheter was vascular tortuosity(37.8%),followed by heavy calcification(28.9%),long lesions(20.0%),proximal stent(6.7%),in-stent restenosis(5.2%),and coronary origin anomalies(1.5%).The following technologies failed in passing targeted lesions before delivering the rapid exchange catheter:Multiple predilatation technique(57%),buddy wire technique(33.4%),balloon anchoring technique (5.9%), and cutting balloon modification (3.7%). The mean depth of the extensioncatheter intubation was 20.56 ± 13.05 mm, and the mean rapid exchange catheterservice time was 18.9 ± 9.7 min. The mean length and diameter of stents were 33.5± 14.4 mm and 2.75 ± 0.45 mm, respectively. The total rate of technique success(balloon or stent successful crossing of the target lesion with this technique) was94.8%.CONCLUSIONThe rapid exchange extension catheter technique showed acceptable safety andefficacy in the transradial coronary interventions of type B2/C nonocclusivecoronary lesions. We recommend this technique to assist in complex lesionintervention via radial access.

Sr_2RuO_4正常态的c方向的磁阻的研究

研究了典型的层状钙钛矿结构超导单晶Sr2 RuO4在c方向的磁阻 (Δρ ρ0 ) (H∥ab ,J∥c)的变化 .实验发现 ,磁阻表现出强烈的各向异性 ,并且随着温度T的降低 ,磁阻效应越明显 ;当在平面ab内旋转磁场H的方向时 ,磁阻成周期性变化 ;实验表明 ,磁场沿 (110 )方向时 ,出现磁阻的极大值 .分别从Sr2 RuO4的费米面的各向异性、载流子散射率、c方向能带色散的各向异性等方面来解释这些输运性质 .

Alumina-supported heteropoly acid:An efficient catalyst for the synthesis of azaarene substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindole derivatives via C(sp^3)-H bond functionalization

A method of C（sp^3）-H bond functionalization of methyl azaarenes catalyzed by alumina-supported heteropoly acid and addition to isatins was developed. This transformation could be used for the synthesis of biologically important 3-hydroxy-2-oxindole derivatives in good to excellent yields and the catalyst could be reused for six times without significant decrease in activity.

二型模糊理论在乙烯裂解炉过程监控中的应用

利用区间二型模糊C-均值聚类的方法,将过程数据进行聚类,并且聚类过程采用自适应的方法选择聚类数,由此区别不同的工况;利用局部切空间排列算法(LTSA)分别对聚类之后的每一类数据进行降维处理,然后利用每一类降维后的数据,使用支持向量数据描述(SVDD)的方法构建多个模型,并建立相应的统计量与统计限,完成离线建模过程。在线监控过程中首先判断过程数据属于哪一种工况,然后利用相应的模型来计算统计量并判断是否故障,利用乙烯裂解炉的过程数据进行了仿真研究,验证了方法的可行性。

美国全球作战支持系统

美国的全球作战支持系统(GCSS)是"武士C4I"的一个组成部分,它将人员、后勤、采办、医疗等支持功能集成到一个跨功能的环境中。GCSS将实现作战支持功能之间以及作战支持与指挥控制功能之间的端对端的信息互操作,为联合作战人员提供融合、实时的多维战场视图。主要介绍了全球作战支持系统的功能、系统组成及其未来作战能力。