Predicting the Potential Distribution of Rubia cordifolia L.in China

[Objectives]We intend to conduct a study to predict habitat suitability and geographic distribution of Rubia cordifolia L.,to find the most suitable ecological environment for its growth,and to provide a theoretical basis for the development and cultivation of R.cordifolia L.industry.[Methods]Based on the environmental factors and the occurrence data,we predicted the potential geographic distribution of R.cordifolia L.in China by combining the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS.[Results]The training set and test set AUC were respectively 0.963 and 0.946,indicating that the MaxEnt model predicted well.The wettest monthly precipitation,precipitation in July,precipitation of driest season,and average monthly temperature in September and April were the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of R.cordifolia L.The highly habitable areas were mainly concentrated in central,eastern and northern China.[Conclusions]The results of this study can be used as a reference for the development of R.cordifolia L.industry in related areas.

“Eastern”Xi Yang Qian(Rubia tirctorum L.)and“Western”Zhong Guo Qian(Rubia cordifolia L.):Across the Regions

Qian Cao(Radix et Rhizoma Rubiae)is a perennial grass with red and yellow pigments in its roots.It has been used since ancient times for fabric dyeing and painting,and it’s the oldest red dye in both Europe and China.Xi Yang Qian(Rubia tirctorum L.)spread from the East to the West,while Zhong Guo Qian(Rubia cordifolia L.)spread from the West to the East.Both were integral in the development of Chinese and Western color cultures.Nowadays,although it is no longer commonly used in dyes and paints,Qian Cao is still used in clinical medicine as a medicinal herb.

茜草种子质量检验方法与分级标准研究

参照《中国农作物种子检验规程》,对茜草种子的质量检验方法进行研究,以期为制定科学合理的茜草种子分级标准提供依据。种子质量测定采用百粒法,千粒重为11.6139 g;茜草种子浸种时间设为11 h;种子水分测定采用种子粉碎高温(130±2)℃处理;种子萌发时发芽床选用沙子;冷冻处理作为茜草种子的前处理,在20℃下,24 h全黑暗作为茜草种子发芽时的光照条件;采用TTC浓度0.3%,染色时间12 h,染色温度35℃,可较好测定种子的生活力,快速检测茜草种子发芽潜力。

茜草炭的质量标准提升研究

目的 在现行中国药典中茜草炭标准的基础上增加薄层鉴别和含量测定。方法 该研究于2022年6—8月以10批茜草和相应的茜草炭为研究对象,鉴别研究采用薄层色谱法,含量测定采用液相色谱法。结果 茜草炭薄层色谱中,在与异茜草素对照品色谱相应的位置上,显相同颜色的荧光斑点,可明显区分茜草和茜草炭;含量测定以异茜草素为指标,在8.2~820.0mg/L范围内与峰面积呈线性关系(r=0.999 9),精密度、稳定性和重复性良好(RSD分别为0.6%、1.8%和2.4%),平均加样回收率99.1%。结论 建立的薄层鉴别和含量测定方法简便可行,可为茜草炭的生产及质量控制提供依据。

茜草根茎中蒽醌的提取工艺研究

以乙醇为溶剂,采用超声波辅助法提取茜草根茎中的蒽醌类化合物。通过超声时间、溶剂用量和溶剂浓度等单因素试验探寻蒽醌的提取条件,并利用三因素三水平的Box-Behnken响应面分析法试验设计优化提取工艺,得到最佳提取条件为超声时间31.29 min、溶剂用量13.47 mL、溶剂浓度81.15%,茜草根茎中蒽醌提取率的理论预测值为7.64%。验证试验结果表明,此条件下茜草根茎中蒽醌提取率为7.62%,与理论预测值较为接近。因此,响应面分析法可得到最优的提取工艺。最后通过紫外和红外光谱法对其结构进行了表征。

心叶毛蕊茶叶绿体基因组特征及系统发育分析

为了探明心叶毛蕊茶〔Camellia cordifolia(Metc.)Nakai〕叶绿体基因组结构特征及系统发育关系,基于Illumina NovaSeq测序平台的高通量测序技术首次对心叶毛蕊茶叶绿体基因组进行测序,并利用生物信息学相关软件对该基因组进行了组装、注释、图谱绘制以及序列特征分析,并基于叶绿体基因组构建了山茶属(Camellia Linn.)16个物种的系统发育树。结果显示:心叶毛蕊茶的叶绿体基因组呈现典型的四分体结构,全长156745 bp,总GC含量为37.3%;基因组有135个基因,其中包括90个蛋白质编码基因、37个tRNA基因以及8个rRNA基因。密码子偏好性分析发现心叶毛蕊茶叶绿体基因密码子偏好以A或U结尾,但整体上密码子使用偏好性较弱。重复序列分析共检测到57个长重复序列和73个简单重复序列(SSR)位点。反向重复区(IR)边界结构分析发现不同物种rps19、ndhF和ycf1(假基因)基因长度以及与边界的距离存在一定差别。系统发育分析表明心叶毛蕊茶与连蕊茶组(Sect.Theopsis Coh.St.)的尖连蕊茶〔Camellia cuspidata(Kochs)Wright ex Gard.Chron.〕亲缘关系较近(自展支持率为100%)。综合研究结果显示:心叶毛蕊茶叶绿体基因组的长度、结构及排列顺序具有高度保守性,IR区边界在进化过程中发生了一定程度的收缩,最常用到的密码子是编码异亮氨酸(Ile)的AUU,以单核苷酸A/T重复序列为主的SSR位点较丰富,叶绿体基因组的碱基组成偏好使用A或T;从分子系统发育的角度支持毛蕊茶组(Sect.Eriandria Coh.St.)与连蕊茶组合并的观点。

基于piggyBac转座子系统的西方蜜蜂Rubia基因转移研究

为探讨piggy Bac载体在西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)中的基因转移功能,并检测其可行性,研究以西方蜜蜂为实验材料,利用piggy Bac转座子系统将外源性Rubia红色荧光蛋白基因转移至西方蜜蜂受精卵中,分析检测外源基因的整合与荧光表达情况。PCR扩增和测序分析结果显示piggy Bac转座子能够将外源性Rubia红色荧光蛋白基因整合到蜜蜂基因组上,且在显微注射组中检测到微弱的红色荧光蛋白表达。本研究证实piggy Bac转座子系统可将外源性基因植入蜜蜂基因组。为今后的蜜蜂转基因基础研究和分子育种技术开发提供支撑。

国家药品抽检茜草饮片质量问题分析

通过国家药品抽检,分析茜草饮片的总体质量和存在的主要问题,为药品监管提供技术支持。从全国不同环节抽取茜草样品,依据现行法定标准进行检验,并进行探索性研究。共抽检173批茜草样品,按现行质量标准检验,不合格11批,不合格项目为性状,显微鉴别、总灰分和浸出物;经探索性研究发现,掺混品主要为大茜草Rubiamagna P.G.Xiao和大叶茜草Rubia schumanniana Pritz.。茜草样品的总体质量状况为“一般”,存在的问题主要为掺伪和非药用部位超标。

茜草炭配方颗粒UPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立茜草炭配方颗粒的超高效液相(UPLC)指纹图谱,为茜草炭配方颗粒的质量控制提供科学依据。方法:采用UPLC法,ACQUITY UPLC BEH 300 C 18(2.1 mm×150 mm,1.7μm)为色谱柱;以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速为0.3 mL/min;柱温为30℃;检测波长为260 nm。结果:建立了茜草炭配方颗粒的UPLC指纹图谱,确定了7个共有峰,并指认其中1个化学成分,为异茜草素,其相似度结果均在0.9以上。结论:所建立的茜草炭配方颗粒指纹图谱精密度高、稳定性好,可为茜草炭配方颗粒的化学成分研究及质量控制提供参考。

PLA/莫代尔混纺织物茜草色素染色及防护性表现研究

文章通过浸染染色实验,研究了65%PLA/35%莫代尔混纺织物茜草色素染色工艺,确定了最佳染色工艺条件,研究了染色后织物的防紫外性、抗菌性。结果表明,温度100℃,时间30 min、pH值为6时,颜色鲜艳且得色深度K/S值较高,茜草染色后可赋予织物优异的防紫外性,并能使织物保持较高抗菌性。

Phytochemical analysis,hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Alchornea cordifolia methanol leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats

Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Alchornea cordifolia (A.cordifolia) leaf extract.Methods:Various solvent fractions of the methanol extract of the leaf of the plant.4.cordifolia Mull.Arg(Fam:Euphorbiaceae) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity by carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats.The degree of protection was measured by using biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxalate transaminase(SGOT/ AST),serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase(SCPT/ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and total bilirubin.The in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract was also evaluated by the I,I-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging assay.The extract was subjected to preliminary phytoehemical screening.Results:The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions,at a dose of 300 mg/kg,produced significant(P【0.05) hepatoprolection by decreasing the activities of the serum enzymes and bilirubin while there were marked scavenging of the DPPH free radicals by the fractions.The effects were comparable to those of the standard drugs used for the respective experiments,silymarin and ascorbic acid.Alkaloids,flavonoids,saponins and tannins were delected in the phylochemical screening.Conclusion:From this study,it was concluded that the plant of A.cordifolia possesses hepatoprotective as well as antioxidant activities and these activities reside mainly in the ethyl acetate and acetone fractions of methanol leaf extract.

Cardioprotective activity of alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers in calcium chloride-induced cardiac arrhythmia in rats

The present study investigated the antiarrhythmic activity of alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia （T. cordifolia） in CaCl2 induced arrhythmia. CaCl2 （25 mg/kg） was administered by intravenous infusion （iv） to produce arrhythmia in rats. The animals were then treated with T. cordifolia extract （150, 250, and 450 mg/kg） and verapamil （5 mg/kg,iv）. Lead II electrocardiogram was monitored. Plasma calcium, sodium and potassium levels were measured. In CaCl2 induced arrhythmia, heart rate was decreased by 41.10%, T. cordifolia at 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg decreased the heart rate by 26.30%, 29.16%, and 38.29%, respectively, and verapamil reduced the heart rate by 9.70% compared to the normal group. The PQRST waves were normalized and atrial and ventricular fibrillation was controlled in rats treated with verapamil and T. cordifolia. CaCl2 increased calcium and sodium levels and decreased potassium levels in blood. T. cordifolia dose-dependently decreased calcium and sodium levels and increased potassium levels. Hence, T. cordifolia can be used in antiarrhythmic clinical settings and beneficial in atrial and ventricular fibrillation and flutter and may be indicated in ventricular tachyarrhythmia.

Three new triterpenoids from Rubia schumanniana

Three new triterpenoids,3β-hydroxy-urs-30-p-Z-hydroxycinnamoyl-12-en-28-oic-acid(1),3β-hydroxy-olean-30-p-E-hydroxycinnamoyl-12-en-28-oic-acid(2)and 3β,6α-dihydroxy-urs-14-en-12-one(3),together with seven known triterpenoids,were isolated from the roots of Rubia schumanniana.Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic analysis.All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity,and compounds 2-6 showed cytotoxicity with the IC50 values of 10.75~18.87μg/mL.

Antimalarial activity of the aqueous extract of Euphorbia cordifolia Elliot in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice

Objective:To evaluate the antimalarial activity of the aqueous extract of Euphorbia(E.)cordifolia Elliot against Plasmodium(P.)berghei-infected mice.Methods:Thirty healthy Swiss mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with 200μL of P.berghei parasitized-erythrocytes and divided into five groups,and then daily treated for 5 d with single dose of 10 mL/kg of distilled water for malaria control,10 mg/kg of chloroquine for the chloroquine control and 100,200 and 400 mg/kg of the aqueous extract of E.cordifolia for the three test groups.Parasitaemia was monitored by Giemsa-staining.At the end of the treatment,animals were sacrificed,and blood was collected for haematological and biochemical analyses.Organs were collected for biochemical and histopathological analyses.Statistical significance(P<0.05)was evaluated by analysis of variance followed by the Tukey post-test using Graphpad prism 7.0.Results:E.cordifolia extract decreased the parasite load to 2.46%,with an effective dose(ED50)of 113.07 mg/kg compared to the malaria group where the parasite load increased to(46.46±10.28)%.E.cordifolia extract prevented hypoglycaemia,anaemia,leucocytosis and thrombocytopenia,attenuated the increase of transaminases activities,bilirubin and creatinine rate,and improved catalase and superoxide dismutase activities,while reducing malondialdehyde contents in the liver and kidney.E.cordifolia extract significantly prevented histological damages observed in the malaria control group.No acute toxicity sign was observed in mice with plant extract at the dose up to 5000 mg/kg.Conclusions:E.cordifolia extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant antimalarial effects.This results support its traditional use in the treatment of malaria.

Hybrid Composite Based on Natural Rubber Reinforced with Short Fibers of the Triumfetta cordifolia/Saccharum officinarum L.: Performance Evaluation

This article contributes to the development of the new class of fully biodegradable “green” composites by combining fibers (natural/bio) with biodegradable resin. The vegetable fibers (Triumfetta cordifolia and sugarcane bagasse) treated with NaOH and bleached were incorporated into a natural rubber matrix. The influence of the fiber ratio on the physical properties, tensile strength and surface hardness of the hybrid composites was analyzed. The results show that the addition of fibers in the natural rubber matrix increases the water absorption capacity but gradually reduces it with increasing fiber ratio. The hybrid composites of the NRT50-50B proportions show the best tensile strengths at 20 phr and a shore A hardness of 43.7 at 30 phr. The combination of two fibers has improved the physical and mechanical properties of the hybrid composites which can be used in engineering applications.

Physical-Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of the Bast Fibers of <i>Triumfetta cordifolia</i>A.Rich. from the Equatorial Region of Cameroon

The project consists in the implementation of a biocomposite based on tannin resin and natural rubber matrices with the bast fibres of Triumfetta cordifolia A.Rich.“Okong” from the equatorial region of Cameroon as reinforcement. A study of this still little known fibre is necessary. This paper evaluates the physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics of the fibers. The fibers are extracted by us. A series of experiments is conducted for this purpose: morphological observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM);density evaluation with a helium pycnometer;absorption rate evaluation according to the protocol available in the literature, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR), chemical composition evaluation according to ASTM 1972 and ASTM 1977 standards, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests on fiber bundles according to NF T25-501-3. The results show that the fiber is made up of several elementary fibers with oval cross-sections. A density of 1.477g/cm3 close to that of hemp. These fibers have a water absorption rate of 342.5%, which correlates with the presence of free hydroxyl functional groups obtained from the spectrometry study (FT-IR). Chemical analysis reveals that the fiber is made up of celluloses (44.4%), hemicelluloses (30.8%), lignins (18.9%), pectins (3.3%), waxes (0.5%) and minerals (2.1%). In addition, we learn that the fibers studied dehydrate at 11.49%, showinga notable thermal stability around 235°C with a peak thermal decomposition of cellulose located at 420°C. In terms of mechanical behaviour, the results reveal that the fibers offer a Young’s modulus in traction of 12.4 ± 6.9 GPa, a tensile strength of 526 ± 128 MPa and an elongation at break of 2.25%. The information thus obtained makes it possible to place these fibers in the same fiber group as flax and jute. They could therefore be used for the same types of applications. They also inform us that these fibers can withstand the temperatures of composite shaping by thermocompression.

Antidiabetic claims of Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)Miers:critical appraisal and role in therapy

Currently,available conventional options for diabetes mellitus have certain limitations of their own,and options from medicinal plants with antihyperglycemic activities are being searched to meet the need.Antidiabetic properties of Tmospora cordifolia are highly appreciated in Ayurveda and even in recent modern researches.Several studies on its extracts(viz,immunemodulatory.anti-hyperglycemic.antioxidant,adaptogenic.hepatoprotective.hormone regulator etc.) and isolated phytoconstituents(like tinosporin,berberine.jatrorrhizine etc.) have reported that it is a preventive and curative antidiabetic herb,which are substantiated by clinical trials.Scattered information pertaining to antidiabetic potential of Tmospora is reported.Present review encompasses(i) in-depth information of reported antidiabetic activities of the plant in light of available experimental and clinical studies,and(ii) understanding on the possible mechanism of its action in combating the complex pathology of diabetes.

茜草蒽醌提取物纯化及抗氧化与抗运动疲劳作用研究

采用大孔树脂纯化茜草蒽醌提取物,并分别通过体内、外实验评价不同样品的抗氧化与抗运动疲劳活性。采取静态吸附与洗脱试验确定最佳树脂型号后,通过动态吸附-洗脱试验确定蒽醌提取物的最佳纯化条件,并考察不同样品对羟基自由基(OH·)与超氧阴离子自由基(O_(2)^(-)·)的清除率和运动耐力评价指标的影响。结果显示,采用HPD-300大孔树脂的最佳纯化条件:上样浓度为6.0 mg/mL、上样液pH为5.0、上样流速2.0 mL/min、上样液体积60 mL、洗脱液乙醇体积分数75%、洗脱流速1.5 mL/min、洗脱液体积160 mL,所得产物的蒽醌纯度由26.8%增大至67.2%。相同浓度的茜草蒽醌纯化产物较提取物对OH·和O_(2)^(-)·的清除率明显提高,IC_(50)值分别减小1.5和1.7倍。茜草蒽醌纯化产物可明显延长小鼠的负重游泳时间,降低运动后体内CK活力与MDA浓度,且有利于增强GSH-Px活力,具有较好的抗氧化和抗运动疲劳活性,从而可为相关食品的开发提供基础。

An Evaluation on Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Total Flavaonoid Contents of Extracts from <i>Adina cordifolia</i>(Roxb.)

In this study, in vitro antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and concentration of flavonoids of four different extracts of Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity of extracts was expressed as percentage of DPPH radicals’ inhibition and IC50 values (μg/ml). IC50 values ranged from 20.39 to 38.96 μg/ml. The total phenolic content ranged from 17.48 to 20.83 mg/g of dry weight of extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoid concentrations varied from 17.49 to 22.48 mg/g, expressed as quercetin equivalents. The significant linear correlation was confirmed between the values for the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of plant extracts. Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) can be regarded as promising candidates for natural plant sources of antioxidants with high value.

Antioxidant Activity and Hepatoprotective Effect of an Aqueous Extract of <i>Alchornea cordifolia</i>Leaves

Alchornea cordifolia is a medicinal plant, whose ethanolic and methanolic extracts have shown antioxidant activity which could confer hepatoprotective effect, knowing that liver cells are attacked by free radicals. The hepatoprotective effect of these extracts has been demonstrated in models of hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol high doses in animals. However, anti-tubercular drugs at the usual dose present hepatotoxicity risk. Could Alchornea cordifolia help to limit hepatotoxicity induced by anti-tubercular drugs? This work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and the hepatoprotective effect of an aqueous extract of A. cordifolia leaves (AEAC). The antioxidant activity of A. cordifolia leaves was studied in vitro by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals scavenging assay and by the iron reduction ability. A phytochemical screening was carried out to identify the chemical groups that could be responsible for this activity. The hepatoprotective effect was demonstrated in a model of hepatotoxicity induced by isoniazid and rifampicin in rats. Two hours after induction of hepatotoxicity, the animals were orally administered the AEAC at 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days. A blood sample was taken on the 11th day for the evaluation of transaminases, markers of hepatic cytolysis. A totally of 96 rats were used in this study. AEAC showed dose-dependent antioxidant activity. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. Administrated alone, aqueous extract of A. cordifolia leaves didn’t modificate the transaminases, isoniazid and the isoniazid + rifampicin combination resulted in increasing transaminases (ALT and AST) by more than 48%. AEAC at 800 mg/kg reduced AST and ALT levels by more than 45%. AEAC at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg decreased ALT more than 40%. Knowing that antioxidant activity protects liver, the AEAC may by its antioxidant activity, contribute to protect against the hepatotoxicity induced by anti-tubercular drugs in the rat.