Background and Objective:Vitreoretinal surgery requires fine micro-surgical training and handling of delicate tissue.To aid in the training of residents and fellows,unique educational modalities exist to help facilita...Background and Objective:Vitreoretinal surgery requires fine micro-surgical training and handling of delicate tissue.To aid in the training of residents and fellows,unique educational modalities exist to help facilitate the development of these microsurgical skills.From virtual simulators to artificial eye models,simulation of the posterior segment has gained an increased focus in vitreoretinal surgical training programs.Development of surgical curricula for vitreoretinal training and attainment of surgical milestones has been a key component in integrating these educational training modalities.We will explore various simulators,eye models,and potential rubrics and discuss unique ways each may help and complement one another to train future vitreoretinal surgeons.Methods:We conducted a systematic PubMed search of various review studies(from publications in English ranging from January 1978 to December 2020)discussing surgical simulators,eye models,and surgical rubrics for vitreoretinal surgery and their potential impacts upon training.Key Contents and Findings:Our review assesses the benefits and applicability of various simulators,eye models,and surgical rubrics upon training.Conclusions:Utilization of vitreoretinal surgical training tools may aid in complementing the hands-on surgical training experience for vitreoretinal surgical fellows.By using simulators and rubrics,we may better be able to standardize training for reaching vitreoretinal surgical milestones and providing adequate feedback to improve surgical competency and ultimately patient outcomes.展开更多
Current traditional assessment methods for report writing are highly unreliable.This paper discusses rubric-popular method for authentic assessment in reports writing,and try to provide suggestions on rubric application.
Jumong is a legendary figure in Korean mythology.He is depicted as a genius archer,a brilliant mind with horses,a god who rules the rivers and the sky.Jumong is a mythical character who is believed to be of divine des...Jumong is a legendary figure in Korean mythology.He is depicted as a genius archer,a brilliant mind with horses,a god who rules the rivers and the sky.Jumong is a mythical character who is believed to be of divine descent and to possess superhuman abilities that humans cannot match.The myth of Jumong is a very competitive content that can compete on a global scale.However,in order for it to be successful,it is necessary to be able to reinterpret our mythology to suit the times and reproduce it culturally.To this end,the realistic globalization of Korean classical literature should commence with the genre of Korean mythology.This paper presents the educational significance of the Jumong myth as a teaching-learning model,via STEAM(science,technology,engineering,arts,and mathematics),on the theme of Korean mythology.As we enter the era of artificial intelligence(AI)through the 4th Industrial Revolution,the most appropriate teaching and learning method,the convergence class,will provide an opportunity for students living in modern times to discover the cultural archetypes that allow them to recognise themselves as individuals and us as a collective,and to find the roots of the myth to positively renew their identity.Furthermore,it is my hope that they will rediscover and appreciate the representative work of Korean mythology,Gojomong,the eponymous story of Goguryeo.展开更多
文摘Background and Objective:Vitreoretinal surgery requires fine micro-surgical training and handling of delicate tissue.To aid in the training of residents and fellows,unique educational modalities exist to help facilitate the development of these microsurgical skills.From virtual simulators to artificial eye models,simulation of the posterior segment has gained an increased focus in vitreoretinal surgical training programs.Development of surgical curricula for vitreoretinal training and attainment of surgical milestones has been a key component in integrating these educational training modalities.We will explore various simulators,eye models,and potential rubrics and discuss unique ways each may help and complement one another to train future vitreoretinal surgeons.Methods:We conducted a systematic PubMed search of various review studies(from publications in English ranging from January 1978 to December 2020)discussing surgical simulators,eye models,and surgical rubrics for vitreoretinal surgery and their potential impacts upon training.Key Contents and Findings:Our review assesses the benefits and applicability of various simulators,eye models,and surgical rubrics upon training.Conclusions:Utilization of vitreoretinal surgical training tools may aid in complementing the hands-on surgical training experience for vitreoretinal surgical fellows.By using simulators and rubrics,we may better be able to standardize training for reaching vitreoretinal surgical milestones and providing adequate feedback to improve surgical competency and ultimately patient outcomes.
文摘Current traditional assessment methods for report writing are highly unreliable.This paper discusses rubric-popular method for authentic assessment in reports writing,and try to provide suggestions on rubric application.
基金support of the Korea University of Education and Training Center for Convergence Education(2019-2022).
文摘Jumong is a legendary figure in Korean mythology.He is depicted as a genius archer,a brilliant mind with horses,a god who rules the rivers and the sky.Jumong is a mythical character who is believed to be of divine descent and to possess superhuman abilities that humans cannot match.The myth of Jumong is a very competitive content that can compete on a global scale.However,in order for it to be successful,it is necessary to be able to reinterpret our mythology to suit the times and reproduce it culturally.To this end,the realistic globalization of Korean classical literature should commence with the genre of Korean mythology.This paper presents the educational significance of the Jumong myth as a teaching-learning model,via STEAM(science,technology,engineering,arts,and mathematics),on the theme of Korean mythology.As we enter the era of artificial intelligence(AI)through the 4th Industrial Revolution,the most appropriate teaching and learning method,the convergence class,will provide an opportunity for students living in modern times to discover the cultural archetypes that allow them to recognise themselves as individuals and us as a collective,and to find the roots of the myth to positively renew their identity.Furthermore,it is my hope that they will rediscover and appreciate the representative work of Korean mythology,Gojomong,the eponymous story of Goguryeo.
