Unified Control Theory from PID to ACPID

To address the challenge of achieving unified control across diverse nonlinear systems, a comprehensive control theory spanning from PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) to ACPID (Auto-Coupling PID) has been proposed. The primary concept is to unify all intricate factors, including internal dynamics and external bounded disturbance, into a single total disturbance. This enables the mapping of various nonlinear systems onto a linear disturbance system. Based on the theory of PID control and the characteristic equation of a critically damping system, Zeng’s stabilization rules (ZSR) and an ACPID control force based on a single speed factor have been designed. ACPID control theory is both simple and practical, with significant scientific significance and application value in the field of control engineering.

Deducing Complete Selection Rule Set for Driver Nodes to Guarantee Network’s Structural Controllability

Structural controllability is critical for operating and controlling large-scale complex networks. In real applications, for a given network, it is always desirable to have more selections for driver nodes which make the network structurally controllable. Different from the works in complex network field where structural controllability is often used to explore the emergence properties of complex networks at a macro level,in this paper, we investigate it for control design purpose at the application level and focus on describing and obtaining the solution space for all selections of driver nodes to guarantee structural controllability. In accord with practical applications,we define the complete selection rule set as the solution space which is composed of a series of selection rules expressed by intuitive algebraic forms. It explicitly indicates which nodes must be controlled and how many nodes need to be controlled in a node set and thus is particularly helpful for freely selecting driver nodes. Based on two algebraic criteria of structural controllability, we separately develop an input-connectivity algorithm and a relevancy algorithm to deduce selection rules for driver nodes. In order to reduce the computational complexity,we propose a pretreatment algorithm to reduce the scale of network's structural matrix efficiently, and a rearrangement algorithm to partition the matrix into several smaller ones. A general procedure is proposed to get the complete selection rule set for driver nodes which guarantee network's structural controllability. Simulation tests with efficiency analysis of the proposed algorithms are given and the result of applying the proposed procedure to some real networks is also shown, and these all indicate the validity of the proposed procedure.

Evaluation of Three Harvest Control Rules for Bigeye Tuna(Thunnus obesus) Fisheries in the Indian Ocean

The stock of Bigeye tuna(Thunnus obesus) in the Indian Ocean supports an important international fishery and is considered to be fully exploited. The responsible management agency, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission(IOTC), does not have an explicit management decision-making framework in place to prevent over-fishing. In this study, we evaluated three harvest control rules, i) constant fishing mortality(CF), from 0.2 to 0.6, ii) constant catch(CC), from 60000 to 140000 t, and iii) constant escapement(CE), from 0.3 to 0.7. The population dynamics simulated by the operating model was based on the most recent stock assessment using Stock Synthesis version Ⅲ(SS3). Three simulation scenarios(low, medium and high productivity) were designed to cover possible uncertainty in the stock assessment and biological parameters. Performances of three harvest control rules were compared on the basis of three management objectives(over 3, 10 and 25 years): i) the probability of maintaining spawning stock biomass above a level that can sustain maximum sustainable yield(MSY) on average, ii) the probability of achieving average catches between 0.8 MSY and 1.0 MSY, and iii) inter-annual variability in catches. The constant escapement strategy(CE=0.5), constant fishing mortality strategy(F=0.4) and constant catch(CC=80000) were the most rational among the respective management scenarios. It is concluded that the short-term annual catch is suggested at 80000 t, and the potential total allowable catch for a stable yield could be set at 120000 t once the stock had recovered successfully. All the strategies considered in this study to achieve a ‘tolerable' balance between resource conservation and utilization have been based around the management objectives of the IOTC.

The Optimized Disign of the Fuzzy Controller(Ⅰ)——The predigested disquisition of rules of fuzzy control

To improve the ability and precisions of the fuzzy control,this thesis points out the adjusted fuzzy control method,realizes the precision of the fuzzy quantity, and reduces the number of the fuzzy control rules,so that it can predigest the process of disigns and realize the methods without influencing the idiocratic control,which are on the base of the domain flexing.

Rule-based Fault Diagnosis of Hall Sensors and Fault-tolerant Control of PMSM

Hall sensor is widely used for estimating rotor phase of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM). And rotor position is an essential parameter of PMSM control algorithm, hence it is very dangerous if Hall senor faults occur. But there is scarcely any research focusing on fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of Hall sensor used in PMSM. From this standpoint, the Hall sensor faults which may occur during the PMSM operating are theoretically analyzed. According to the analysis results, the fault diagnosis algorithm of Hall sensor, which is based on three rules, is proposed to classify the fault phenomena accurately. The rotor phase estimation algorithms, based on one or two Hall sensor(s), are initialized to engender the fault-tolerant control algorithm. The fault diagnosis algorithm can detect 60 Hall fault phenomena in total as well as all detections can be fulfilled in 1/138 rotor rotation period. The fault-tolerant control algorithm can achieve a smooth torque production which means the same control effect as normal control mode (with three Hall sensors). Finally, the PMSM bench test verifies the accuracy and rapidity of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control strategies. The fault diagnosis algorithm can detect all Hall sensor faults promptly and fault-tolerant control algorithm allows the PMSM to face failure conditions of one or two Hall sensor(s). In addition, the transitions between health-control and fault-tolerant control conditions are smooth without any additional noise and harshness. Proposed algorithms can deal with the Hall sensor faults of PMSM in real applications, and can be provided to realize the fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of PMSM.

RULED SURFACE MACHINING BY 4-AXES SIMULTANEOUS CONTROL WIRE-EDM

On the tasis of study in the mathematical model of 3-dimensional ruled surface (RS),this paper introduces a new concept of distance paramcter (DP) and also puts forward that themethod of modeling a RS depends on not only two boundary curves but also DP. According toabove theory, the formulas to calculate corresponding point coordinates to any kind of top and bot-tom profile of a workpiece and formulas to calcuate the maximum inclination angle of ruling linehave been obtained. Then a different top and bottom RS mathining method including profile withline-are combination as well as parametric curves has been achieved by 4-axes simultancous con-trol programming proposed.

A General Attribute and Rule Based Role-Based Access Control Model

Growing numbers of users and many access control policies which involve many different resource attributes in service-oriented environments bring various problems in protecting resource.This paper analyzes the relationships of resource attributes to user attributes in all policies, and propose a general attribute and rule based role-based access control(GAR-RBAC) model to meet the security needs. The model can dynamically assign users to roles via rules to meet the need of growing numbers of users. These rules use different attribute expression and permission as a part of authorization constraints, and are defined by analyzing relations of resource attributes to user attributes in many access policies that are defined by the enterprise. The model is a general access control model, and can support many access control policies, and also can be used to wider application for service. The paper also describes how to use the GAR-RBAC model in Web service environments.

环孢素A和他克莫司的高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测及其室内质控评价

目的建立环孢素A和他克莫司治疗药物监测的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)质控方法,应用Westgard多规则理论对质控样品进行评估。方法利用HPLC-MS/MS建立人全血中环孢素A和他克莫司的血药浓度检测方法。对治疗药物监测过程中低、中、高3个浓度水平的质控样品进行统计分析,绘制Levery-Jennings和Z分数质控图,应用Westgard多规则理论进行室内质控评估。结果环孢素A和他克莫司的线性范围分别为10.40~1040.00和0.50~49.50 ng·mL^(-1),定量下限分别为10.40和0.50 ng·mL^(-1),提取回收率分别为108.61%~113.24%和101.99%~109.37%,内标归一化的基质因子分别为106.68%~111.27%和95.70%~97.81%,日内和日间的准确度及精密度均小于15.0%,其他参数也均符合生物样本定量分析要求。Levery-Jennings和Z分数质控图显示,2022年第三季度26组质控样品的检测结果提出警告4次(违反12s规则),未出现失控现象。结论建立的环孢素A和他克莫司治疗药物监测室内质控体系能够有效保障血药浓度检测的准确性。

正压呼吸防护面罩中无刷电机的模糊PID控制

正压呼吸防护面罩是作为医护工作者抗击新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)所使用的个体防护装备。本文忽略呼吸扰动等因素对送风子系统所产生的干扰,以送风子系统中的无刷直流电机为研究对象,建立无刷直流电机的数学模型;在MATLAB/Simulink环境中建立无刷直流电机转速PID控制模型,但由于无刷直流电机存在非线性、时变性等特点,导致PID控制对送风子系统中无刷直流电机的控制效果并不理想。然而,由于模糊控制不需要被控对象的精确模型,所以可以使用模糊PID来完成对送风子系统中无刷直流电机的控制优化。通过仿真实验结果表明:使用模糊PID控制系统的稳定性优于PID控制系统,无刷直流电机控制性能得到提升。

Westgard-西格玛规则在血细胞分析室内质量控制选择上的应用

目的:利用Westgard-西格玛规则帮助临床实验室血细胞分析室内质量控制(IQC)选择恰当的质控规则,以确保室内质控结果合格、有效。方法:选择2021年6月—2021年12月新疆生产建设兵团第四师医院检验科临床实验室的5个项目低、中两个浓度质控水平的IQC数据,计算各项目的不精密度(CV)。根据2021年本临床实验室参加新疆维吾尔自治区临床检验中心全血细胞计数2次室间质量评价的结果,计算5个项目的平均偏倚(Bias)值。根据《临床血液学检验常规项目分析质量要求》(WS/T 406-2012)规定的允许总误差(TEa),计算出各个项目的质量水平西格玛指数(σ),公式为σ=(TEa-|Bias|)/CV。根据Westgard-西格玛规则的要求,对血细胞分析中的白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、血小板(PLT)项目选用相应的质控规则。结果:WBC项目应采用的IQC规则是1_(3S)、2_(2S)、R_(4S)、4_(1S)。RBC项目应采用的IQC规则是1_(3S)、2_(2S)、R_(4S)、4_(1S)、8_(X)。HGB项目应采用的IQC规则是1_(3S)、2_(2S)、R_(4S)、4_(1S)、8_(X)。MCV项目应采用的IQC规则是1_(3S)、2_(2S)。PLT项目应采用的IQC规则是1_(3S)、2_(2S)、R_(4S)、4_(1S)。结论:Westgard-西格玛规则能够帮助临床实验室优化IQC规则和使用质控品浓度水平的个数,甚至每个浓度水平质控品重复测定的次数,使临床实验室IQC规则更实际、实用。

基于博弈的Web应用程序中访问控制漏洞检测方法

针对工业互联网中程序的访问控制策略隐藏在源码中难以提取,以及用户的访问操作难以触发所有访问路径而导致逻辑漏洞的通用化检测难以实现的问题,将博弈思想应用于访问控制逻辑漏洞检测中,通过分析不同参与者在Web应用程序中对资源页面的博弈结果来识别漏洞,使得不同用户的访问逻辑能被有针对性地获取。实验结果表明,所提方法在开源的11个程序中检测出31个漏洞,其中8个为未公开的漏洞,漏洞检测覆盖率均超过90%。

营商环境法治化三维论

市场秩序稳定公平、规则透明公开、法治公正、投资可预期的营商环境,是投资主体实现投资自由便利制度的核心价值所现。推进政府职能新定位,强化“放管服”,放宽市场主体准入等,是优化营商环境的基本环节。自由度是主体最活跃的动力源和策源地,政府确保“中立地位”,促进主体公平竞争和实施反垄断,维护所有市场主体都享有平等、自由、公平竞争机制。便利度是彰显政府向市场主体提供快速实现自由度的便捷化、快捷化和效率化的社会效应程度,核心在于强化市场主体获得从商活动权利能力的快捷、简便、高效行为状态等。创新度是市场主体实现自由度与便利度融合发展处于动态的追求状态,显现了优化营商环境持续创新的法治动力。政府干预与市场调节有机协同调控,做大主体自由度,提升主体更多便利度,促进营商环境的持续创新优化。自由、便利与创新,已成为优化营商环境的路径选择,创新成为优化营商环境的否定之否定规律。自由度、便利度与创新度的辩证关系价值,成为引导探寻优化营商环境的立足点、突破点和发力点。

基于MPC与Stanley的农机路径跟踪融合控制算法

针对智能农机的路径跟踪问题,基于模型预测控制(MPC)与Stanley控制提出一种融合控制算法。在农机运动学模型基础上,运用MPC算法设计路径跟踪控制律。在MPC算法的基础上通过权重系数与Stanley算法进行融合,并采用模糊规则对权重系数进行动态修正。搭建Carsim与Matlab/Simulink联合仿真平台,分别以不同速度对直线路径与圆形路径进行跟踪实验。结果表明,文中算法的控制性能优于常规MPC算法,在跟踪过程的前半段更为迅速,在跟踪过程的后半段更加平稳,直线路径跟踪误差在±2.5cm以内,特别适于农机初始位置偏差较大以及行驶速度较高的应用场合。

个人信息对价化交易的定性和法律适用

个人信息主体以同意个人信息处理换取特定服务,可称为个人信息对价化交易。当事人可自由选择将这一交易类型构造为双务合同,将同意构造为对待给付,法律上并无任何理由限缩其意思自治的空间并挫败这种交易安排,民法上的人格权益优先和人身债务不得强制执行、个人信息保护法上的任意撤回权和捆绑禁止规则均不构成制度障碍。个人信息对价化交易在法律性质上可归入个人信息许可使用合同。应当引入《民法典》格式条款内容控制制度,突破核心给付义务不受审查的原则,依据是否违反个人信息保护法基本原则与是否不当限制信息主体合同核心权利、加重合同核心义务两项标准,审查作为同意之原因行为的合同条款,以防止个人信息保护法知情同意规则被架空以及合同履行之必需场景被不当扩充。应当以双务合同中的交换关系为核心,同时兼顾个人信息保护法价值取向,配置特殊的履行障碍规则以平衡两造当事人之利益关系:个人信息主体违反同意之义务的,合同相对人并无履行请求权、同时履行抗辩权、损害赔偿请求权和违约金请求权,享有基于对待给付牵连性的合同解除权;信息处理者违反服务提供义务的,信息主体并无减价权,解除权发生条件可放宽至非根本违约情形。

2020~2022年贵州省临床实验室常规生化项目应用批长度Westgard西格玛规则的室内质量控制策略分析

目的了解2020~2022年贵州省常规生化项目室内质量控制(internal quality control,IQC)情况,并运用分析批长度西格玛规则为常规生化项目选择恰当的IQC策略。方法从参加2020~2022年贵州省临床检验中心常规生化项目第一次室间质量评价(external quality assessment,EQA)计划的实验室中筛选出统一采用英国朗道公司生产的两个浓度水平室内质控品的41家、41家和52家实验室,根据其IQC信息计算变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV),将CV与WS/T403-2012标准等不精密度性能规范进行比较,分析近年来贵州省常规生化项目的IQC情况;每年从中随机抽取15家回报三酰甘油项目结果的实验室并计算σ值,根据分析批长度Westgard西格玛规则流程图为其选择合适的质控策略,计算质量目标指数(quality goal index,QGI)以评价各实验室检测系统的分析性能。结果当月CV中,Ca,TP 2个项目满足WS/T403-2012标准的实验室比例较低,而P,CK,LDH等7个项目通过率均在80%以上,且呈逐年上升趋势;P,CK,LDH等7个项目符合生物医学变异(适当)性能规范的实验室比例均达90%,但Na,Ca,Cl等5个项目比例较低。累积CV中P,CK,LDH等10个项目满足生物医学变异(适当)性能规范的实验室比例在90%以上。对于三酰甘油项目,2020年~2022年分别有2家、5家、13家实验室达到6σ水平;与2020年和2021年相比,2022年σ值变化趋势上升(t=3.855,3.511,P≤0.001),表明这些实验室分析性能越来越好。结论贵州省部分常规生化项目的IQC水平在逐年提升。分析批长度Westgard西格玛规则为贵州省各实验室设计个性化质控规则,提高实验室的检测能力,更好地服务临床。

空间威慑到空间威胁:防止外空军备竞赛的规则解释与中国因应

目前,外空军控规则的走向出现了明显分歧。一些国家提出所谓的“空间威胁”概念,意图推进“负责任外空行为准则”。威慑与威胁密切相关,没有威胁就没有威慑。当代国际法承认有限度威慑的合法性,也就意味着承认部分威胁的合法性。《联合国宪章》中的威胁主要是指“武力威胁”,如果适用于外空领域,必须对空间威胁的所有可能要素加以分析,包括主观(意图)、实施主体(是否可归结为国家)、行为表现(可衡量、可归因、可证明)、损害后果、因果关系等,换言之,需达到一定的门槛——必须具备诉诸武力的极大可能性。一些国家列举的所谓“空间威胁”具有选择性和针对性,存在着覆盖不全和依赖主观判断的缺陷,依照现有国际法进行解释,这些所谓的“空间威胁”不能被确认为国际不法行为。当代国际外空军控规则是大国奉行威慑战略下彼此达成妥协的结果,如果无视这一历史趋势,强行推进有利于某些国家保持太空军事优势的规则,必然会破坏战略稳定与平衡,最终严重损害国际社会防止外空军备竞赛(PAROS)的集体努力。

大棚杨梅柏牡蛎蚧发生规律及4种杀虫剂的防治效果

兰溪杨梅是农业农村部农产品地理标志产品,随着大棚设施的普及,以柏牡蛎蚧为主的介壳虫呈日益加重趋势。本研究在浙江兰溪大棚杨梅主产区调查了大棚和露天杨梅柏牡蛎蚧的发生规律,并开展了化学防治试验。结果表明,大棚与露天杨梅柏牡蛎蚧一年发生2代,种群数量动态呈现双峰型。大棚杨梅柏牡蛎蚧发生高峰期为3月中旬至下旬,相比于露天柏牡蛎蚧早一个半月左右。不同乡镇和不同栽培方式条件下杨梅柏牡蛎蚧虫口发生量均有显著差异,4个乡镇街道大棚杨梅柏牡蛎蚧平均每叶虫量是露天的5倍之多,其中马涧镇杨梅受害最为严重。药效试验结果表明,20%螺虫·呋虫胺悬浮剂(SC)2000倍液药后15 d和30 d平均药效分别为90.5%和94.4%,防治效果最好,20%螺虫·呋虫胺SC 2500倍液及3000倍液、95%矿物油乳油(EC)50倍液和20%松脂酸钠可溶性粉剂(SP)200倍液30 d药效均在85%上,显著优于65%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂(WP)2500倍液。建议果农在杨梅柏牡蛎蚧卵孵化高峰期选择矿物油或松脂酸钠进行防治,目前螺虫·呋虫胺还未在杨梅上登记,待进一步测试并登记后,可在实际生产上推广应用。

梨蝽象在驻马店的发生特点及综合防治技术

介绍了梨蝽象的形态特征,并从危害情况、生活史、发生规律等方面对其在驻马店地区的发生情况进行了概述,最后提出了农业、物理、生物及药剂方面的综合防治技术措施,以期为果树科技工作者和果农提供科学参考。

基于规则控制与XGBoost的智能开窗系统设计

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