Monetary policy rules：Forward-looking and backward-looking in an overlapping generations model

In the framework of an overlapping generations model, forward-looking monetary policy roles and backward-looking monetary policy rules were investigated. It is shown that the monetary steady state is more likely to be indeterminate under an active forwardlooking rule than under the corresponding backward-looking rule. It is also shown that backward-looking roles can render the monetary steady state unstable.

Analysis of Problems and Policy Recommendations for the Third-party Evaluation in the Present Poverty Alleviation

The introduction of third-party evaluation system and the implementation of third-party evaluation system in poverty alleviation is a major innovation in the targeted poverty alleviation work in China.In order to improve the third-party evaluation mechanism,further improve the efficiency of third-party evaluation,and enhance the effectiveness of targeted poverty alleviation,this paper analyzes and summarizes the main problems existing in the current third-party evaluation practice.In view of the related problems,this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations,which are believed to play a positive role in further promoting the development and improvement of the third-party evaluation of getting rid of poverty.

Comparison of the Policies of Israel＇s Labor Party and the Likud on Palestinian Refugee

Since its origin in the first Middle East War in 1948, the Palestinian refugee problem has not been properly resolved. Over the years, the key stakeholder Israel has put forward a variety of plans and countermeasures on refugee issues in multilateral and bilateral diplomatic stages. Researches on these policies of Israel on Palestinian refugees are crucial for solving this problem. The right wing and the left wing of political parties in Israel--lsrael＇s Likud and Labor Party had the longest and most influential rulings in the country. The refugee policies they have taken during their administrations have an impact on the development of the peace process in the Middle East, and also play a direct role in solving the problem of refugees. Through the analysis on refugee policies of the ruling party in various stages of the evolvement of the Arab-Israeli conflict, we can compare the Labor Party＇s and the Likud Party＇s policies for Palestinian refugees, and found that the policies of these two parties are consistent and similar on the issue of refugees, for example, neither of them recognize the responsibility of Israel on refugees, and they both denied the ＂right to return＂ of refugees, etc. In terms of the specific implementation of the policies, there are differences between them： the Likud Party was significantly tougher than the Labor Party. Both Labor and Likud is being affected by domestic and international factors, such as homeland security, the Jewish state property, political system, Jewish mentality and the support of the United States and other factors, so their policies are consistent; however, due to different historical factions, different voter groups, and national interests as well as the interests of the parties in different periods, the two parties have different refugee policies.

IN THE GREEN CLASSROOM-TAX POLICY OF ENVIRONMENTAL TAX RULES AND INCENTIVES:NEW DIRECTIONS IN TEACHING AND RESEARCH

There is no shortage of tax rules that address energy and natural resources in some manner.There are taxes on most types of fuel,tax credits for energy saving devices,and various tax incentives to encourage specified activities such as use of LED lighting or energy efficient heaters.In addition,numerous proposals are offered annually by lawmakers at the federal,state and local levels that also address conservation,energy and innovation in conservation and energy-efficiencies.How do we know if existing rules and proposals are appropriate for a tax system?Principles of good tax policy can be applied to them to identify strengths,weaknesses and how to improve the rules and proposals.This article explains the principles of good tax policy,provides an example of their application and makes several sugges-tions of how this type of analysis can be incorporated into any classroom learning on green building topics.This exercise is not only for students with tax knowledge,but also engineers,scientists,architects,environmentalists,as well as everyone in our roles of citizen and voter.

支持RSVP安全性的Policy系统的研究与实现

由于宽带和多媒体技术的不断发展,基于Policy系统实现对网络服务质量的监管,得到越来越多的研究与应用;但是它对服务质量的安全性的监管还不能令人满意,这也对其进一步应用与实施提出了严峻挑战。在支持RSVP的Policy系统基础上,本文提出通过增加支持RSVP安全性的规则实现其安全性,并且详细给出其设计原则以及这类规则的结构和内容,并论述了其在Policy系统中关键性设备——PEP、PDP的具体实现。

A General Attribute and Rule Based Role-Based Access Control Model

Growing numbers of users and many access control policies which involve many different resource attributes in service-oriented environments bring various problems in protecting resource.This paper analyzes the relationships of resource attributes to user attributes in all policies, and propose a general attribute and rule based role-based access control(GAR-RBAC) model to meet the security needs. The model can dynamically assign users to roles via rules to meet the need of growing numbers of users. These rules use different attribute expression and permission as a part of authorization constraints, and are defined by analyzing relations of resource attributes to user attributes in many access policies that are defined by the enterprise. The model is a general access control model, and can support many access control policies, and also can be used to wider application for service. The paper also describes how to use the GAR-RBAC model in Web service environments.

Right-wing and populist support for climate mitigation policies:Evidence from Poland and its carbon-intensive Silesia region

Research on environmental behaviour is often overlooked in literature on regime destabilization in energy transitions.This study addresses that gap by focusing on socio-political and demographic factors shaping support for carbon regime destabilization policies in one of the most carbon-intensive regions of Europe.Carbon-intensive industries,especially coal mining and coal-based power generation,are often concentrated in a few carbon-intensive regions.Therefore,decarbonization actions will affect those regions particularly strongly.Correspondingly,carbon-intensive regions often exert significant political influence on the two climate mitigation policies at the national level.Focusing on Poland,we investigate socio-political and demographic factors that correlate with the approval or rejection of the two climate mitigation policies:increasing taxes on fossil fuels such as oil,gas,and coal and using public money to subsidize renewable energy such as wind and solar power in Poland and its carbon-intensive Silesia region.Using logistic regression with individual-level data derived from the 2016 European Social Survey(ESS)and the 2014 Chapel Hill Expert Survey(CHES),we find partypolitical ideology to be an important predictor at the national level but much less so at the regional level.Specifically,voting for right-wing party is not a divisive factor for individual support of the two climate mitigation policies either nationally or regionally.More interestingly,populism is a strong factor in support of increasing taxes on fossil fuel in the carbon-intensive Silesia region but is less important concerning in support of using public money to subsidize renewable energy in Poland overall.These results show the heterogeneity of right-wing party and populism within the support for the two climate mitigation policies.Socio-demographic factors,especially age,gender,education level,employment status,and employment sector,have even more complex and heterogeneous components in support of the two climate mitigation policies at the national and regional levels.Identifying the complex socio-political and demographic factors of climate mitigation policies across different national versus carbon-intensive regional contexts is an essential step for generating in situ decarbonization strategies.

China’s Institutional Strength,Monetary Policy Coordination and Fiscal Crowding-in Effect

As two main tools of macroeconomic policies,coordination and conflict between fiscal and monetary policies have been paid considerable attention by researchers.Under a structural vector autoregressive model that incorporates fiscal and monetary policies,this paper analyzes the monetary policy response to fiscal shocks.Our study finds that during the occurrence of a fiscal shock,the growth rate of broad money supply M2 substantially increased,indicating the adoption of an expansionary monetary policy by the monetary authority to fiscal policy expansion.Based on this empirical finding,this paper improves the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to investigate the fiscal policy effects under China’s monetary policy coordination.Our analysis shows that monetary policy coordination will significantly boost the economic stimulus effect of fiscal policy,generating a fiscal crowding-in effect.From the perspective of China’s institutional strength,this conclusion offers a theoretical explanation on the empirical fact of the fiscal crowdingin effect uncovered in the research literature,and offers a policy reference for making the proactive fiscal policy more efficient and effective.This paper suggests that China’s policymakers give full play to the country’s institutional strength by coordinating fiscal and monetary policies for high-quality economic development.

Impact of Mandatory Provisions on the Validity of Juristic Acts: A Path for Legal Policy Analysis

Contrary to the approach in judicial practice,Paragraph 1,Article 153,of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China,as a rule of invalidity for violating mandatory provisions,does not adopt a dichotomy towards mandatory provisions with effectiveness and administrative characteristics,yet it maintains the legislative philosophy of differentiation.It leaves unspecified whether mandatory provisions that do not explicitly render a juristic act invalid impact the act’s validity,entrusting this determination to the discretion of judges on a case-by-case basis.When judges,under the authority of Paragraph 1,Article 153 of the Civil Code,explore the normative intent of mandatory provisions to assess their effect on the validity of juristic acts,they should engage in legal policy analysis centered on consequence-based argumentation to overcome the limitations of norm typological analysis.This analysis employs a reasoning model predicated on the normative purpose,utilizing a consequencefocused interpretative approach for formulating and arguing propositions of rules applicable to pending cases,thereby arriving at case-specific conclusions.Since the invalidation of juristic acts serves as an auxiliary regulatory tool for the state economy and society,a consequence-oriented interpretation needs to be based on the idea of mutual instrumentalization of public and private laws.This entails predicting the outcomes of negating the validity of a juristic act in industrial regulatory scenarios and assessing these outcomes within the framework of public and private regulatory instruments.

The Republican Party’s Hard-Line Stance toward China

In recent years,the Republican Party of the United States has held a negative perception of China,passed confrontational policies targeting China,and maintained a hard-line stance toward China.With this hard-line stance,the Republican Party and United States conservatives have sought to ignite a new culture war related to foreign policy and national security and gain political leverage amidst a climate of political polarization.The Republican Party’s strategy has not only intensified partisan conflicts and accelerated societal collapse in the United States but has also obstructed the development of China-US relations.Consequently,the China factor has transformed the United States’national security strategy to an unprecedented degree.In the near future,the United States’policy toward China will become intimately tied to the vicissitudes of the Republican Party and the political actions of powerful men in the United States.

Explaining the Rule of Translation Based on the Cross-cultural Thinking

The emphasis of translation is faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, which is based on understanding of the two kinds of ethnic cultural background achieved. Language as a product of society, as the crystallization of human history and culture, which is the combination of all the characteristics of the entire nation＇s social consciousness, customs, history and culture of human society. In this paper, starting from the Central American countries of different cultural perspectives, pointed out that cultural issues should be noted that in the process of translation. In terms of history, geography, traditional thinking, cognitive systems, text analysis of the causes of the Sino-US cultural differences. Translation and culture has a secret, regardless of the contact. Cultural commonalities translation becomes possible, but the personality of their language and culture gave an obstacle translation activities. Due to differences in national history, social system, habits, there is a great difference between the Chinese Han culture and the American culture, this difference is caused by the different ways of thinking, embodied in both Chinese and English language performance including words understanding and the use of different meaning connotation of associative meaning, and sentence structure. For this reason, the analysis of the theoretical principles of sentences by reference to further explore and propose solutions on certain aspects is essential. And in today＇s globalized increasingly competitive situation, how to be more accurate English translation closer to the two languages, culture, and then discuss the worth of the majority of English learners.

Later Zhou Sejong's Cultural Policy

Sejong wanted to stabilize the control. He paid attention to strengthen cultural enlightenment and implement cultural policy from educating people, choosing capable person, repairing history, limiting Buddhism, respecting Confucianism and other aspects. The wind of literature rise gradually. It is conducive to research the developmental trajectory of Later Zhou Dynasty.

The Legal Logic in the Practice of Poverty Reduction in Rural China in the One Hundred Years Since the Founding of the Communist Party of China

Three major poverty reduction models have successively been adopted in the poverty control led by the Communist Party of China(CPC),namely reliefbased poverty alleviation,which focused on adjusting the production factors of land,development-driven poverty alleviation,and targeted poverty alleviation.In the process,the target of finding a rational position for the principal function of poverty alleviation has been gradually realized:the approach of poverty alleviation has gradually adjusted from micro to macro,from direct to indirect;while the management has transformed from mobilization-based to rule-of-law based.Rules that link policies and laws,as well as a rule-of-law model of the poverty reduction of a developing country that is led by party committees and governments,has been formed,and an illustrative sample of poverty control has been created,which provides experience based knowledge to the anti-poverty practices in developing countries.In the future,it is necessary to further realize the protection of the rights of the people in comparative poverty and the proceduralization of poverty reduction administrative behaviors,as well as to formulate a unified "Poverty Reduction Law" when the time is ripe,to protect the rights of the people in comparative poverty in the post-poverty-alleviation era.

从“法制”到“法治”:改革开放以来我国家庭教育政策的演进逻辑与推进路径

家庭教育政策是规范与支持家庭教育发展的重要工具,是推进我国家庭家教家风建设的重要手段。改革开放以来,我国家庭教育政策经历了以边缘性探索为中心的萌芽发展阶段、以系统性规划为抓手的改革发展阶段和以体系化建设为重点的深入发展阶段。在此过程中,其动力机制、价值取向、实施过程保障及话语规则均有其独特的演进逻辑。家庭教育法治化是我国教育治理现代化的必然要求,在未来的发展中我国家庭教育从“法制”走向“法治”,可采取以下推进路径:形成强化基础建设、优质均衡发展的政策动力机制,秉持兼顾个体与社会、协调多元利益的政策价值取向,深化加强顶层设计、完善组织建设的政策实施过程保障,体现深入了解民情、广泛反映民意的政策话语规则。

区域贸易协定中竞争政策规则对出口国内增加值的影响研究

以64个国家1995—2017年141个区域贸易协定为样本,在测度竞争政策规则深度的基础上,实证考察其对出口国内增加值的影响。研究结果表明:竞争政策规则的强化有助于提升缔约方出口国内增加值。该结果经过稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析结果表明,缔约方制度质量加强了竞争政策规则对出口国内增加值的促进作用,但区域贸易协定灵活度会阻碍该促进作用。区分条款发现,横向原则与国有企业条款可以促进出口国内增加值;区分国别发现,竞争政策规则对不同经济发展水平国家出口国内增加值存在异质性影响。进一步分析发现,竞争政策规则的强化对第三方国家存在溢出效应。因此,中国应有意识地强化竞争政策的基础性地位,合理设计竞争政策条款并逐步提升执行度,打造更为开放透明、公平竞争的市场环境。

美国行政法中政策声明制定程序及启示

我国行政管理中存在大量的指导性文件,其在法律效力和功能上与美国的政策声明相似。政策声明是美国行政规则体系中的重要组成部分。在法律效力方面,政策声明不具有法律拘束力和法律效果,但可能产生事实上的拘束效果。在制定程序方面,政策声明虽豁免适用《联邦行政程序法》第553节规定的通告评论程序,但在实践中经历了加强程序控制、反思过度正式化的程序、关注制定程序电子化和灵活性的发展历程,折射出美国国家机关持续在行政效率与民主价值之间寻求平衡的努力。在类型化的基础上,政策声明的制定可能经历启动、拟定草案、审查、公众评论、公布最终规则和后评估等具体环节。政策声明制定程序受到法院的一定控制,法院可以对行政机关拒绝公众请愿的决定、通告评论、公布最终规则等重要程序进行审查。可借鉴美国政策声明制定程序的规范要求与实践经验,完善我国指导性文件的制定程序,注重指导性文件制定程序的规范性与灵活性,通过前评估与后评估程序发挥行政自我拘束作用。

中国式法治现代化的司法推进

实现中国式法治现代化意味着必须推进公正司法,二者间是目标与方法的关系。中国式法治现代化的司法推进是指司法机关在党的领导下,以公正司法和人民司法为价值坚守,通过司法政策、司法制度、司法理念和司法实践的革新,全面作用于立法、执法与守法,最终“四力合一”形成“四驱动力”推动实现中国式法治现代化。其基本特征是:在领导制度上始终坚持党的领导;在指导思想上始终以中国特色社会主义法治理论为引领;在推进方略上实行司法政策、司法制度、司法实践和司法理念的“四维联动”;在价值目标上始终把人民利益放在首位。在中国式法治现代化进程中,司法推进以期改革成本、实践性能和制度供给上的实践优越性,深度契合中国式现代化本质要求的理论适洽性,彰显了中国的司法智慧,演绎了司法文明的新形态。未来的司法推进应始终将“以党为舵”“以民为本”“公正为魂”及“科技为用”融贯司法活动的全过程全领域,谱写法治文明的新篇章。

粤港澳大湾区立法协同的实践审视与体制机制创新

立法协同是粤港澳大湾区法治建设的基础性模式和规则衔接的基本路径,其不同于理论与实务界热议的“规则衔接”。当前,粤港澳大湾区准一体化、多中心、多平台的整体发展路径初步成型,但囿于粤港澳三地政治制度、法律传统以及立法权限的差异,大湾区规则衔接主要采取“整体规划,集中突破”的策略,以中央统筹与地方负责相结合为原则推动政策型规则衔接,立法型规则衔接则极为鲜见。本文认为立法协同是粤港澳大湾区制度整合和规则衔接最直接和最有效的方式。立法协同是指涉及大湾区发展的各个有权主体包括中央以立法方式协调构建大湾区法治环境,强调中央统筹的特殊地位和作用,区别于仅限地方间进行立法协调的“协同立法”方式。就目前来看,大湾区立法协同整体上仍然面临着“存异”与“趋同”的平衡、立法权限分配层差明显等巨大挑战。因此,面向未来,粤港澳大湾区立法协同需要体制机制改革创新,综合运用地方单独立法、区域协同立法和中央统一立法这三种方式,从制定立法协同促进规范和设立立法协同促进机构两个方面完善立法协同体制,从常态化规则清理机制、规则衔接摸排和评估机制、示范法制定机制等方面创新立法协同工作机制,以立法协同突破规则衔接的重要领域。

中国共产党民族政策与中华民族大团结

中国共产党及党的历代领导人都高度重视中华民族大团结和中华儿女大团结,在不同历史时期皆将其作为党的统一战线工作尤其是民族工作的重要内容,形成了中国共产党促进中华民族团结进步的基本经验:积极探索适合我国国情的解决民族问题的正确道路、始终强调国家统一和民族团结、推动党的民族理论和民族政策不断创新和发展、明确铸牢中华民族共同体意识的主线地位、确立以中华民族大团结推进中国式现代化和中华民族伟大复兴的目标任务。