Paths for the Coordinated Development of Rural Economy and Environment in Economically Underdeveloped Areas——A Case of Huaian,China

Taking Huaian as an example,the rural economic and environmental problems in economically underdeveloped areas are expounded.The results show that rural areas in economically underdeveloped areas confront with lagged economic development,serious environmental pollutionand scarce shortage of equipments for treating environmental pollution.The causes of problems are analyzed,including inadequate fiscal supportfrom the local government;unscientific system for assessing government officers' performances;backward ideas in environmental protection and im-perfect laws and regulations on environmental protection.Based on these causes,the strategy of employing the circular economy to promote the co-ordinated development of rural environment and economy in economically underdeveloped areas is put forward.The strategy covers transformingthe way of agricultural production;adjusting agricultural production structure;positively collecting funds and increasing the input on handling rural en-vironmental problems;strengthening the efforts on promotion and education,and forming the healthy habits of consumption;enforcing supervisionand establishing a professional administration team for protecting rural environment;laying stress on rural technological innovation and strengtheningthe force of expansion;accelerating the path of industrialization and promoting the industrialization of villages and towns vigorously.

Innovation Analysis of Rural Agricultural Economic Management Model in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

[Objectives]To explore innovative strategies for rural agricultural economic development in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative.[Methods]This research adopts the method of literature review and field research,systematically combs the research results related to the Belt and Road Initiative and rural agricultural economic management,and deeply understands the actual situation of rural agricultural economic management.[Results]The research shows that in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative,the rural agricultural economy is facing new development opportunities and challenges,but there are also some problems.In the new period,we should accelerate the innovative development of rural agricultural economy by promoting market-oriented reform,strengthening scientific and technological innovation,optimizing the industrial structure,deepening international cooperation and other measures.The Belt and Road Initiative provides an important opportunity for the innovation of rural agricultural economic management.Rural agricultural economic management should be actively integrated into the Belt and Road construction to improve the level of rural agricultural economic management.[Conclusions]This study provides useful exploration and reference for the innovation of rural agricultural economic management models,which helps to promote the healthy development of rural agricultural economy and achieve the goal of rural revitalization.

Economic and Financial Structural Adjustment at Village Level: A Case Study of Rural Areas in Guizhou Province

Village-level economy is not only the important foundation for promoting grass-roots agricultural and rural modernization, but also an essential guarantee for sustainable development of small scale economy of rural farmer households. Research on this field will play a significant role in rural economic development of Guizhou Province. Taking the observation data from 1999 to 2009 in 10 fixed observation villages in Guizhou Province, we carried out empirical survey and analysis on land scale and use structure, scale and composition of fixed assets for production, level and composition of operational income, and level and composition of financial revenue and expenditure at village level. Finally, we put forward conclusions and recommendations.

Gap between Urban and Rural Economic Development in Less Developed Areas——A Case of Northern Jiangsu Area,China

Taking northern Jiangsu area as an example,economic disparity between urban and rural areas is described according to the data in 2000-2009 Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook.Result shows that there are significant differences in the rural and urban economic development in less developed areas,which are mainly reflected in the differences in per capita income,living standard,and Engel coefficient.Reasons for urban and rural economic disparity in less developed areas are analyzed.The asymmetry and immobility of rural and urban resources have objectively caused the income gap between urban and rural residents;urban industrial development,which is faster than agricultural development,has widened the income gap between urban and rural residents;and the differences in comparative labor productivity in rural and urban areas have enlarged their income gap.Countermeasures to minimize the urban and rural economic development gap are put forward,such as deepening the reform,realizing the free flow of economic resources between urban and rural areas,developing rural areas through urban development,exerting the function of urban areas in the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,paying attention to the agriculture and rural areas,and improving the comparative labor productivity of agriculture.

Effects of the Development of Township Enterprises on the Urban-Rural Dual Economic Structure Based on Cointegration Theory

The gross output value of township enterprises(XGDP)is used as a variable of township enterprises development.And CXEY is a variable of urban-rural dual economic structure.According to the 1986-2006 Statistical Yearbook of Chinese Township Enterprises and the 2006 China Statistical Yearbook,effects of the development of township enterprises on the urban-rural dual economic structure are studied by the cointegration analysis.Result shows that without considering other influencing factors,township enterprise development in the years 1979-2005 is the key factor to improve the dual economic structure in urban and rural areas in China.

Discussion on Cultivating the Idea of the Western Rural Market Economy

Along with the deepening of the economic system reform, the quickening of our country＇s steps joining WTO, and the enlarging of the discrepancies among different regions, how to promptly change the sense of the western rural areas to resolve the ＂the three problems connected with agriculture, peasants, and countryside＂ and utilize the market economy regulation and taking market as the direction has become the initial problem of the economic development in western countryside in order to push the smooth implement of the western development. This thesis starts with the essence, function, and other influential factors of this idea, systematically elaborates the current idea characteristics of each stratum in western countryside, discovers the reason that the sense of western rural areas falls behind the times, and definitely puts forward with new idea characteristics which is suitable for the economic development of the western rural areas, and also offer some policy suggestions on how to realize this change of the sense in western rural areas.

Recommendations for Development of Rural Labor Service Economy from the Perspective of Urban and Rural Integration

Rural labor service economy is a method turning rural surplus human resources to economic resources,to realize increase of social wealth. Developing the rural labor service economy has profound influence on promoting transfer and employment of rural surplus labor,and speeding up industrialization and urbanization. Rural labor service economy is a huge and complex systematic project for promoting urban and rural integrated development and increasing farmers' income. This paper firstly analyzed importance and urgency of accelerating the development of rural labor service economy. From the perspective of urban and rural integration,it came up with pertinent recommendations,including establishing security mechanism and improving rural labor security mechanism,creating preferential conditions and encouraging farmers to return to hometown,exploring potential and promoting nearby labor transfer to promote rapid economic development,improving public employment service system,and cultivating and developing labor market. It is expected to provide certain references.

农业农村数字经济对城乡共同富裕的影响研究——基于电子商务进农村综合示范县准自然实验的证据

以2010—2022年中国2843个县域面板数据作为样本,借助多时点双重差分模型与调节效应模型,实证检验农业农村数字经济对城乡共同富裕的直接效应与作用机制。结果显示,农业农村数字经济对城乡共同富裕产生正向推动作用,该结论经过多种形式稳健性检验与考虑内生性问题后依旧成立。中介效应结果表明,农业农村数字经济可通过提升区域创新能力与促进农村产业融合,间接赋能城乡共同富裕。调节效应结果表明,普惠金融可正向放大农业农村数字经济对城乡共同富裕的推动作用。异质性结果显示,相较于贫困县、粮食主产区,农业农村数字经济对非贫困县地区、非粮食主产区城乡共同富裕的推动作用较强。

数字经济赋能江西乡村产业振兴的机制、模式与路径

数字经济是以数字资源为关键要素、数字技术为核心动力、数字基建为硬件基础、数字平台为重要载体、产业振兴为最终目标的一种新经济形态。数字经济赋能乡村产业振兴是数字经济各组成部分对乡村产业振兴施以影响的全部过程,存在数据要素投入强化、数字技术赋能提升、数字平台创新支撑、数字环境建设保障四重作用机制。数字经济赋能乡村产业振兴有产业数字化、数字产业化两种模式,通过数字农业示范工程、农村电商壮大工程、智慧平台提升工程、移动物联培育工程、大数据治理工程、人工智能延伸工程、区块链应用工程等形式助力江西乡村产业振兴,并提出构建数据资源体系、完善数字基础设施、涵育数字产业生态、攻关数字核心技术、推行宏观配套政策、参与数字转型合作等政策建议。

金融如何有效服务于小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接?

实现小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接是实现农业农村现代化的重要任务,而金融是推动小农户融入现代农业的“源头活水”。当前,金融服务小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接在农村金融顶层设计优化、农村金融机构改革、信贷支持和保险保障、数字普惠金融等方面取得了积极进展,但是仍然存在扶贫小额贷款不适应新阶段的发展需要、小农户发展现代农业的筹资融资能力低、农业供应链金融对小农户带动作用有限、农村信用体系建设存在较大的短板、农业风险防范机制和分担机制尚不健全、农村基础设施建设的金融支持严重不足等现实困境。因此,要从农村金融服务体系、农村抵押担保体系、农业供应链金融、智慧化信用档案、创新激励和风险管理、农业基础设施金融服务六个方面进一步深化金融改革创新来助力小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接。本文为如何实现农业现代化提供新的视角,对加快建设农业强国具有一定的启示意义。

明清时期武陵山区农村经济发展探析——以黔东北地区为中心

随着改土归流的不断深入、国家权力的不断延伸以及外来移民的大量涌入,明清时期武陵山区的农村经济有了较大发展,具体表现在:农业生产技术有了较大提高,农业结构得到一定调整;农村手工业的进步较为明显,推动了山地资源的商品化生产;农村商品经济不断活跃,促进了农村市场的扩大。明清时期武陵山区农村经济的发展,为该区域其他社会事业的发展奠定了良好的经济基础,也为当今经济发展提供了历史借鉴和启示。

新型农村集体经济高质量发展赋能共同富裕——基于20个革命老区的实证

文章基于系统理论和组态视角,聚焦革命老区新型农村集体经济高质量发展对共同富裕的赋能作用及其多因素联动效应。采用动态QCA方法分析2016—2021年我国20个革命老区重点城市的面板数据,探索新型农村集体经济高质量发展在时间维度上的组态效应,并通过Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验探究各组态在革命老区覆盖度上的空间分布差异。研究发现:单个因素并不构成高共同富裕水平的必要条件,但科技创新与技术进步、人力资本的必要性存在逐渐递增的时间效应。四条组态的一致性水平均较高,都在0.85以上,进一步提炼出共同富裕的四条组态路径,分别为“人力-科技联动型”“制度创新主导型”“科技创新驱动型”及“乡土资源开发利用型”,其中,人力资本与土地利用之间存在替代效应;在时间维度上,总体表现为解释力逐步增强,且2020年出现骤增拐点;在空间维度上,有两条组态的覆盖度存在明显的地区分布差异。

数字经济对农业农村现代化的影响研究——基于“宽带中国”试点政策的证据

数字经济正成为实现农业农村现代化的必由之路,“宽带中国”是推动数字经济发展的重要政策举措。该文利用2008—2022年中国295个地级市的面板数据,构建多期双重差分模型,基于“宽带中国”试点政策检验数字经济对农业农村现代化的影响,并对数字经济影响农业农村现代化的机制以及异质性进行进一步分析。研究发现:数字经济对农业农村现代化具有显著促进作用;机制分析表明,数字经济能够通过技术进步与人力资源促进农业农村现代化水平提升;异质性分析表明,数字经济对农业农村现代化的影响存在着区域异质性与农业农村发展水平异质性。基于此,该文提出要大力发展数字经济、推动数字基础设施建设,加强数字乡村建设、促进农业农村现代化发展,推动技术进步与人力资源水平提升,实施差异化发展政策,缩小区域差距等建议。

人工智能赋能低空经济:应用场景与未来方向

低空经济是指以各种有人驾驶和无人驾驶航空器在海拔3000米以下的各类飞行活动作为牵引,辐射带动相关领域融合发展的新兴经济形态和效益。2024年全国两会期间,“低空经济”被写入政府工作报告。报告提出,“积极培育新兴产业和未来产业”“积极打造生物制造、商业航天、低空经济等新增长引擎”。我们可以通过解析人工智能赋能低空经济、大数据驱动的部分应用场景(智慧城市建设、智慧交通运输、智慧路桥监测、智慧农业农村),理解低空经济创造的新质生产力,探讨低空经济推进智慧城乡建设和国家经济发展的逻辑与路径。

民族地区发展新型农村集体经济:基础条件、现实困境与路径选择

新型农村集体经济是实现民族地区农业农村现代化、农民生活富裕、城乡经济社会发展一体化的重要抓手,更是推进乡村全面振兴的重要载体。步入新时代,我国民族地区乡村社会依然存在组织化与市场化困境,壮大新型农村集体经济成为推动这些地区农村和农民迈向共同富裕的重要途径。民族地区发展新型农村集体经济虽然具备了一定的基础条件,但也面临着整体质量不够高、带动效应不明显、监督机制不健全及人才供给不充分等现实困境,必须通过加强党建工作引领、转型升级引领、共享发展引领与制度创新引领等方式,破解民族地区发展新型农村集体经济的困境,赋能乡村振兴,助力共同富裕。

数字经济与农业农村现代化

在加快建设数字中国、农业强国的新阶段,探讨数字经济对农业农村现代化的技术经济效应与影响机理至关重要。本文基于2011-2020年的宏观数据,利用多种模型、多种测度思路对两者关系展开实证检验。研究发现:第一,数字经济对农业农村现代化具有显著的促进作用,且替换变量以及缓解内生偏误后,该项研究结论依然稳健。第二,数字经济发展可以通过提高农业生产效率、强化乡村治理促进农业农村现代化,进而为数字经济快速发展赋能我国农业农村现代化奠定坚实基础。第三,进一步研究发现,数字经济对农业农村现代化具有空间溢出效应,以“智慧城市”试点作为准自然实验进行稳健性检验后仍然成立。这种溢出效应在东部地区表现得更加明显。

数字经济对城乡“环境-经济”协同发展的影响研究

文章基于2013—2020年中国省级面板数据,在采用熵权法和耦合协调度模型测度数字经济与“环境-经济”协同发展水平的基础上,运用面板固定效应模型、中介效应模型和门槛效应模型,实证检验数字经济影响“环境-经济”协同发展的效应及作用机制。研究发现:(1)数字经济显著促进城乡“环境-经济”协同发展。城市维度上呈现“倒U型”特征,且中西部、东北部较东部更显著;乡村维度上呈现“正U型”特征,且东部和东北显著、中西部不显著。(2)城市维度上产业结构高级化、技术创新是数字经济影响“环境-经济”协调发展的重要机制,其中产业结构高级化呈现门槛特征;乡村维度上产业结构高级化、技术创新和监督约束均是数字经济影响“环境-经济”协调发展的重要机制,但不存在门槛特征。因此,因地制宜,实施与本地比较优势相匹配的数字经济发展策略,继续推动产业结构变迁、技术创新,强化监督约束,有机统一“数字乡村”建设和“智慧城市”建设,以城乡联动融合发挥数字经济在促进“环境-经济”协同发展的引导效应。

社会转型视野中的湖南木帆船运输业探析(1949—1952)

1949—1952年是国民经济恢复时期,社会急剧变革,各行业在新民主主义经济秩序下重建和发展。木帆船运输市场得以重建,成为当时重要的运输力量。以湖南为例,新中国成立后,木帆船运输业逐渐恢复,建立了新民主主义的运输市场秩序;降低运价,加强管理,在城乡物资交流中发挥着民船联运的优势,大运输体系建立起来;土产、矿产和粮食得以外运,工业品和食盐输往农村,农村初级市场末端得以拓展,新商业路线得到开辟,在国家工程建设中发挥着重要作用。

数字经济、农村劳动力迁移与农民农村共同富裕

文章使用2012—2022年我国30个省份的数据,实证考察数字经济、农村劳动力迁移与农民农村共同富裕三者之间的关系,并实证检验人口密度的调节作用。研究发现,数字经济发展水平和农民农村共同富裕水平均呈现稳步上升趋势;数字经济能够促进农民农村共同富裕,农村劳动力迁移在其中起到部分中介作用。进一步研究发现,人口密度在数字经济对农民农村共同富裕的影响过程中具有正向调节作用。面板门槛模型的回归结果显示,在经济发展环境越好的地区,数字经济对农民农村共同富裕的推动作用越强。

山地农村如何发展高质量休闲农业经济?——基于系统工程思想的贵州M村案例分析

发展高质量休闲农业经济能够持续推进山地农村一二三产业融合,是全面推进乡村振兴与调整农业结构的有效途径之一。本文运用案例研究方法,基于系统工程思想,遵循“要素—结构—功能”的脉络,对山地农村发展高质量休闲农业经济进行了系统分析。研究发现:一是以顶层设计要素为基础支撑,合理布局休闲农业经济空间结构,实现休闲农业经济有效供给增长;二是以科学管理要素为发展手段,平衡充分休闲农业经济组织结构,促进休闲农业经济持续稳定发展;三是以自主创新要素为重要抓手,优化升级休闲农业经济产业结构,推动休闲农业经济绿色转型提升。基于此,建议从制定科学发展规划、构建网络管理平台、转变产业发展方式、培育新型职业农民和加强基层组织建设等方面着手,加快建设现代化休闲农业经济发展体系,纵向延伸产业链条,横向拓展产业功能,多向提升乡村价值。