Health Training Needs at Primary Care Level Health Facilities in Rural Western Uganda

Introduction: Continual education is recognized worldwide as a tool for the professional development of health care practitioners. It is however effective when the training targets the appropriate needs of the target beneficiaries. This study was therefore aimed at identifying priority training needs of Primary Care Level health professionals in rural Western Uganda. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey among 35 rural community health facilities represented by their managers in rural Western Uganda. Participants were invited to Mbarara University of Science and Technology and responded to a self-administered questionnaire and also participated in qualitative group discussions guided by Facilitators from the Community Based Education and Research Services unit within the Community Health Department of Mbarara University of Science and Technology. Priority health training needs were determined based on the computed weighted scores. Results: The majority of managers of rural primary care level health facilities were medical officers by the level of training (51.43%) and male by gender (68.57%). Priority health training needs identified were child health and maternal health with total weighted scores of 12.0 and 10.9 respectively. Qualitatively, emerging themes included;leadership and management, and supervisory roles during student field attachments. Conclusion: Priority health training needs at rural Primary Care level health facilities were child health, maternal health, leadership and management, and supervisory skills. There is dire need to train rural primary care level, health professionals. In-service training based on identified needs should be offered by MUST in partnership with regional stakeholders. This is likely to enhance the quality of services provided by rural primary care level health facilities.

An investigation of the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the related in？uencing factors

Objective：To investigate the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly living in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the factors that influence these variables.Methods：A cluster sampling method was used to select 280 elderly individuals from seven urban-rural fringe communities in Xianning to complete a survey regarding their health value and self-care capabilities.Results：The total health value and self-care capability scores of the elderly were 7.45 ± 1.45 and100.25±22.56,respectively.Both of these scores significantly differed by age,education level,marital status,and income（P 〈 0.05,P 〈 0.01）.Self-care capability was correlated with health value（r=0.521）.A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that health value,marital status,and age predicted selfcare capability.Conclusions：Elderly people living in the urban-rural fringe area with higher health values also had higher self-care capabilities.The self-care capabilities of the elderly can be enhanced by improving their health value using the ＂knowing-trusting-acting＂ model.

Going the Distance A telemedicine company uses technology to meet Africa’s rural medical needs with prime health care

We have a scarcity of health care professionals in the rural areas and therefore we can offer medical services from a distance to the underserved rural population.

On Rural Medical Care and Health Undertaking Development during New Medical Reform

Based on in-depth survey of township hospitals in Lushan County of Henan Province, this paper studies the development situations of rural medical care and health undertaking in the course of new medical reform. Results show that both rural medical institution and public health undertaking have considerable development in this course. Working capital situation gradually turns better. However, there are still problems and challenge of shortage of high quality medical care personnel, lack of employment mechanism, poor medical environment, and imperfect bidding and purchasing system of medicines. To further develop rural medical situation, it should improve medical environment, speed up informationization construction, and give prominence to functional orientation.

Quality assessment of the practice of focused antenatal care (FANC) in rural and urban primary health centres in Ekiti State

Objective: To ascertain that standard antenatal care (Focused antenatal care) is being received at the Primary Health Care level in urban and rural areas of Ekiti State and to determine the facilitating factors and challenges to the practice of FANC in urban and rural areas. Design: Cross sectional. Setting: Primary Health Centers Participants: Pregnant women and Heads of health facilities. Methods: Two hundred respondents each from urban and rural areas primary health centres were proportionately selected from 18 primary health centers using simple random sampling. Exit interviews were conducted using the antenatal care exit interview form of the Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment package. In-depth Interviews were conducted with the heads of selected facilities. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi square test and content analysis for indepth interview. Results: More respondents 58 (29.3%) from the urban areas had the minimum contents compared to 41 (20.7%) of the rural respondents (p < 0.05) and 178 (90.8%) of the urban were taught a range of health education topics compared to 177 (88.5%) (p = 0.45). Urban respondents were about 1.6 times more likely to receive the minimum contents than rural respondents. In-depth interview results explicated the facilitating factors and challenges to focused antenatal care in the study areas. Conclusion: The findings of this study is consistent with other studies establishing the fact that better health service is available to urban residents than rural residents;however, this study has succeeded in comparing the documented standard of antenatal care with what was being practiced in the selected PHCs of the state. The basic contents of focused antenatal care in Ekiti state were received by a small proportion of the respondents, suggesting that focused antenatal care had not fully translated into quality service;one major challenge to the delivery of standard antenatal care was inadequate number of skilled health workers especially in the rural areas. The gap between quality and utilisation of antenatal in urban and rural areas is gradually being closed up;this success should be improved upon and maintained.

Significant Differences in Elderly Health between Urban and Rural Communities: A Literature Review

This study aimed to examine measures pertaining to elderly health in urban versus rural settings, and to identify differences in the health of elderly people living in urban and rural communities through a literature review. An electronic literature search was performed using PubMed for English articles published in peer-reviewed journals up to August 2018, with the following search terms: “urban”, “rural”, “comparison of community”, “elderly health”, and “comparison of community health”. A total of 35 articles were extracted for a critical full-text review, and six articles that met the inclusion criteria were subjected to analysis. Measures related to elderly health in urban and rural communities were classified into the following three categories: functional abilities, health, and health perception. Five of the six articles described functional abilities (e.g., social function) and health (e.g., mental health, depression) as categories with significant differences in elderly health between urban and rural communities. The results suggest that elderly health measures related to social function and mental health or depression are more important outcome measures of effective person-centered integrated community care systems from the perspective of community characteristics. As there were only a few articles reporting on elderly health according to differences in environment between urban and rural communities, further investigation is globally warranted.

基于城乡融合视角的乡村康养产业发展研究

在乡村振兴和健康中国双重战略背景下,乡村康养作为满足城乡居民多元化康养需求的产业模式,是推动乡村产业升级的重要抓手。当前乡村康养产业正迎来黄金发展期,但针对乡村康养产业系统性、深层次的理论研究不足。基于此,从城乡融合角度对乡村康养产业的效应特征、生成机制、实践类型和实践路向进行分析。结果表明:乡村康养产业是多业态融合的产业综合体,具有属地差异性、全生命周期性、高度融合性、福祉福利性、组织协同性的特征,是推动城乡生产要素之间的流动、居民养老互助、空间功能互补的重要途径。作为一种新兴产业,乡村康养产业在政府政策保障、舒适资源驱动、产业融合推动、多元化需求拉动下蓬勃发展,具体呈现出生态资源型、文旅赋能型、田园旅居型、医养康疗型4种实践类型。因此,为解决乡村康养的实践困境,需要在聚焦品牌培育、智慧管理、医养服务、要素保障等方面,围绕产业融合、全龄友好、全民共富理念,推动乡村康养产业全链条升级、多场景构建、多利益联结。

Role of Community Health Practitioners in National Development: The Nigeria Situation

This is a review paper that brings to focus, concepts of Community Health Practice that connect Community Health Practitioners’ Roles to National development in view of its composite index improvement measure of social welfare services provision among others for the citizens of a country over time, with particular emphasis on medical care component of such index aimed at reduction in diseases and poverty in the population. The objective of the review work is to determine the extent to which Community Health Practice, particularly by Community Health Practitioners is capable of ensuring National Development in democratic governance or otherwise, in the context of our country, Nigeria. The methodology applied was traditional review of published literatures concerning the subject and findings of operational research of programme implemented by Community Health Practitioners at the Primary Health Care facilities and household level in the communities. This paper emphasizes on Primary Health Care services delivery contribution to National Development, since it is the level where Community Health Practitioners are mainly commissioned to render their services. Home-Based Care Strategy for Integrated Maternal, Newborn and Child Health piloted in three (3) local government areas (Ahoada West, Etche and Oyigbo) in Rivers State, Nigeria, in 2012 and implemented by Community Health Practitioners, aimed at reducing maternal, newborn and child morbidity and mortality by 20% by 2015 in line with the United Nations (UN) Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5, had been shown to achieve an average of 26% improvement in utilization of maternal and newborn health services, an average of 27% overall reduction in maternal malnutrition status, an average of 14% overall improvement in under 5 years malnutrition status among others in 2013 on comparing with baseline indicators. Nigeria also attained 80% coverage in routine immunization in most vaccine preventable diseases except Tetanus Toxiod (TT) 2 (54%) in 2013 to achieve herd immunity of the community to prevent transmission of disease pathogen to cause a disease. Community Health Practitioners are the frontline Primary Health Care Professionals charged with the responsibility of implementation of immunization programmes in Nigeria and therefore contributing significantly to the prevention and control of targeted vaccine preventable diseases in Nigeria Health System. Our findings on factors militating against Community Health Practitioners’ Roles in National Development as elicited in this paper may form basis for empirical studies to determine the level of significance of each of these factors. In conclusion, it is when the Community Health parameters are adequately addressed that we can ensure sustainable National Development and we can say we have succeeded in our various strategic agenda of government at whatever level that makes up the complex whole. This brings to fore, the importance of the roles of Community Health Practitioners in health care delivery to National Development in the context of our country, Nigeria.

福利多元视角下农村老年人群医疗服务供给主体构建

目的:探讨在国家乡村战略全面推进阶段的大背景下,提升农村老年人医疗服务保障能力和水平。方法:利用福利多元主义分析农村老年人口医疗条件现状及面临的问题。结果:现阶段利农村老年人群的医疗服务主体存在政府作用发挥不到位,市场能动性不足,社会参与程度较低、社区服务不完善等问题。结论:从政府主导、市场能动、社会参与、社区服务等主体入手,加强供给主体的功能发挥,有效提升农村老年人群的医疗卫生服务水平。

4~7岁儿童代谢综合征有关指标之间相关模式研究

目的探究4~7岁儿童代谢综合征有关指标之间的相关模式。方法依托前期开展的孕期增补复合微量营养素预防母婴不良结局项目,在河北满城、元氏2县选取参加项目孕妇所生儿童1454名,于儿童4~7岁时测量身高、体重、腰围、血压并检测血脂和血糖。采用Pearson相关分析检验体质指数(BMI)、腰围、总胆固醇(CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)、收缩压和舒张压共9个指标之间的线性相关关系。参照美国心脏学会标准判定儿童中心性肥胖、高血压、高TG血症、低HDL-C血症和高血糖发生情况,采用关联分析的φ系数描述5个代谢综合征组分间的相关关系。结果儿童CHO与LDL-C相关关系强(r=0.82,P<0.001),腰围与BMI、收缩压与舒张压、CHO与HDL-C相关关系较强(r依次为0.63、0.60和0.74,P均<0.001),CHO与TG、TG与LDL-C、HDL-C与LDL-C中等强度相关(r依次为0.34、0.30和0.43,P均<0.001),其他指标之间为弱相关或无相关。儿童中心性肥胖与高血压、高TG血症、低HDL-C血症三者均呈弱相关关系(φ系数依次为0.06、0.08和0.07,P均<0.05),高血压和高TG血症呈弱相关关系(φ=0.05,P<0.05),其他代谢综合征组分间的φ系数无统计学意义。结论儿童收缩压与舒张压之间、腰围与BMI之间以及几个血脂指标彼此之间相关关系较强,包括HDL-C与CHO、LDL-C均为中等强度正相关关系,而血压、肥胖与血脂三类指标之间无明显相关,血糖与所有指标均无明显相关;儿童代谢综合征各组分间相关较弱或无相关,提示儿童代谢指标间相关模式与成人不完全相同,代谢综合征这一概念应用于儿童宜审慎。

乡村振兴背景下数字化康养共享村落的建设研究--以礼泉县任池村为例

随着我国人口老龄化的加速推进,康养产业逐渐成为国家战略性新兴产业。为了加快实施乡村振兴战略,早日实现“农业强、农村美、农民富”的宏伟蓝图,陕西省咸阳市礼泉县昭陵镇任池村紧紧依托优美的自然环境,厚重的历史文化,淳朴向善的村风,充分利用、盘活闲置宅基地,建设“任池村共享村落永康颐养九嵕山唐院”项目。基于乡村振兴背景下数字化康养共享村落的建设是一个重要的发展方向,可以促进乡村振兴,改善居民生活品质,推动产业升级。文章立足于乡村振兴视角,分析当前数字化康养共享村落的建设探索,将信息技术和养老服务相结合,通过整合资源,为老年人提供更加全面、便捷和高效的养老服务,旨在加快信息化发展,整体带动和提升农业农村现代化发展。

山东省沂蒙农村地区8~16月龄婴幼儿语言理解水平调查研究

目的了解山东省沂蒙农村地区8~16月龄婴幼儿的语言理解水平。方法2021年1月至2022年4月,采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取沂蒙农村地区代表县莒县的12个乡镇作为调查点,根据常规儿童保健资料编制调查底册,按月龄分层随机抽取8个月~16个月14 d的523名婴幼儿进行调查。使用普通话版《汉语沟通发展量表》(Chinese Communicative Development Inventory,CDI)的第一部分“早期语言”进行调查分析。统计学方法采用Mann-Whitney U检验。结果纳入研究的523名婴幼儿中,91.0%(476/523)的调查量表由母亲填写。初期对语言的反应:8月龄婴幼儿中49.4%(38/77)对“自己的名字”“别xx/不许xx”“妈妈/爸爸在哪里”此3项均有反应,到15月龄时达87.5%(35/40),16月龄时才全部有反应。听懂的短句:8月龄时,婴幼儿能听懂约7个短句,16月龄时能听懂25个,与北京城区儿童比较,8~14月龄时平均少4~8个短句,15月龄与16月龄逐渐接近北京城区儿童。各月龄男女童听懂的短句数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。词汇理解:婴幼儿能听懂的词汇量逐月增多,到8月龄时词汇理解量为27个,到16月龄时达267个,听懂的词汇中名词和动词最多。名词和动词理解量达到50个的时间分别是12月龄和15月龄,形容词和副词理解量到16月龄时达到30个。结论山东省沂蒙农村地区8~16月龄婴幼儿语言理解水平随月龄逐渐增加,语言理解水平略低于国内城市婴幼儿。

乡村振兴战略下长白山池北区康养旅游 SOWT分析与发展研究

乡村振兴战略是我国全面建设社会主义现代化国家的重大历史任务之一,康养旅游业是现阶段推行“三农”规划的关键步骤。以吉林省长白山池北区为例,运用SWOT分析法,指出了吉林省长白山池北区康养旅游发展具有康养旅游资源丰富、旅游设施完备、国家政策大力支持、经济进步促使旅游消费观念升级等优势。根据吉林省长白山池北区康养旅游发展康养旅游资源开发不到位、旅游季节性强、生态系统脆弱这些劣势及面临的威胁,提出了提高安全服务系数、提升康养专业人才的综合素质、打造品牌、花样宣传加强对生态系统的保护、加强各部门合作,推动各产业融合发展的对策及建议,以期促进吉林省长白山地区康养旅游的发展和乡村振兴,让发展康养旅游业成为有意义的发展任务。

如何推进农村重点疾病人群基本卫生保健模式的改进:以人为本整合型健康管理政策证据简报

背景为了更好地应对我国基本卫生保健服务面临的问题与挑战,中国国家卫生健康委员会与盖茨基金会开展紧密合作,2017—2022年在山西省、湖北省以及河南省部分农村地区开展基本卫生保健项目。项目的总目标是探索基本卫生保健服务的有效模式,助力健康扶贫工作,加强中国国内经验分享,并惠及其他发展中国家。目的总结在以高血压和糖尿病为代表的农村重点疾病人群中开展以人为本整合型健康管理的经验。方法农村基本卫生保健项目资料和数据的收集包含了多个来源,包括医院信息系统数据、统计报表资料、基本公共卫生数据、定性访谈、患者调查、医生问卷调查、病历质量调查等,以描述性统计分析以及前后比较作为主要的评估方法。结果高血压和糖尿病患者规范化管理率保持稳定上升,住院患者次均住院费用下降,患者健康生活行为逐渐上升、患者服药依从性有明显改善。在健康结局方面,患者高血压控制情况明显改善但患者血糖控制情况变化不明显。结论项目地区重点疾病健康管理的服务理念和服务能力明显提升,相关措施已经变成政策在项目地区推广和落地,各类专家是项目推动实施的关键因素,各项措施的可持续性有待保持。

基于人才智库建设的高素质乡村人才培养路径研究

随着乡村振兴战略的深入推进,乡村人才的培养和发展成为关键因素。人才智库的建设是提升乡村人才素质的重要途径。通过人才智库的建设,吸引和集聚各类人才,形成人才优势;提供专业的培训和指导,提升乡村人才的专业素质;搭建平台,促进乡村人才的交流和合作,提升乡村人才的综合能力。基于人才智库建设的高素质乡村人才培养路径研究,为乡村人才的培养和发展提供了新的思路和方法,对于推动乡村的发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。基于人才智库建设的高素质乡村人才培养路径研究,旨在探索如何通过人才智库的建设,提升乡村人才的素质,推动乡村的发展。

突发公共卫生事件下敏捷赋能农村基层医疗卫生服务体系研究

本研究针对全球化背景下突发公共卫生事件对农村居民健康的潜在威胁性,探索敏捷赋能农村基层医疗卫生服务体系的应对能力。通过概述突发公共卫生事件、分析农村基层医疗卫生服务体系的现状,构建敏捷赋能体系,并提出应对策略,评估体系效果并提出持续改进建议。本研究旨在为完善农村基层医疗卫生服务体系提供参考,强调敏捷赋能的重要性和价值,并展望未来发展趋势。

乡村振兴战略下康养产业发展与规划探究——以广西现代特色农业(核心)康养示范区规划为例

随着我国老龄人口以及亚健康人群增多,康养产业市场需求不断增大,其不仅需要优美自然环境,也需要融入多元素产业。以广西现代特色农业(核心)康养示范区规划为例,探索和实践基于广西“长寿之乡”开展康养产业创新融合,充分利用区域自然环境优势的天时、地利、人和等因素,按照“一心两带三园五基地”进行布局,通过“种植+康养+产品+体验+服务”产业多元创新融合发展模式,为实现全产业链兴旺和推动乡村振兴发展提供参考。

大连市乡村康养旅游景观设计研究——以普兰店区天益堂村为例

依托大连乡村的康养资源,以安波天益堂村为例,分析了其区位特征,提出了融合弹性、包容性以及智慧旅游的设计策略,围绕“健康”展开设计,以恢复游客身心健康为目标。以“乡野自然、田园养生”为主题,设计出“一带、一环、五区”的布局形式,总结了大连安波村乡村景观规划设计的核心内容,指出了乡村康养景观设计应注重融合当地自然景观资源,突出乡村康养特色,满足五感需求,为游客提供优质乡村康养环境,从而实现景观的可持续发展。

基于产后康养的乡村微景观设计研究

随着社会快速的发展和人们生活水平的不断提升,越来越多的家庭更关注女性产后的康养。而国内外通过园艺疗法、康复花园等方式通过景观疗愈或辅助治疗各类疾病已成为了热门话题。在此背景下,将针对产后康养女性人群,以“五感”疗法为切入点,探讨将“五感”疗法运用在乡村景观空间中,通过营造良好的景观植物空间,对产后康养女性的身体和心理产生积极的影响,疗愈女性的不良情绪,让不同类型的特殊需求的各类人群都可以在园艺疗法中得到益处,振兴乡村经济,推动园艺康养。

乡村振兴视域下生态康养小镇空间韧性营造策略研究

生态康养小镇是协同推进乡村振兴和积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的新型实践平台与重要载体,但在其开发建设中对地产模式的过度依赖造成了康养空间普遍缺乏对抗变化的综合应对能力,导致乡村生态资源不同程度地流失。文章以推动乡村生态环境和康养产业的可持续发展为研究目标,从生态康养小镇的韧性空间构成出发,通过营造模糊空间、可变空间、协作空间、留白空间等弹性空间,结合集约高效的多功能适老化康养建筑及附属服务设施设计,实现多功能农业、多样化康养和地域文化特色体验等多重服务价值,以此提升康养小镇应对乡村未来发展变化的动态平衡能力,保障乡村生态系统和康养全产业链的平衡。