Analysis and Discussion on Property Right of Rural Drinking Water Projects

Since rural drinking water projects have diversified investment subjects,complex form,and lacks property right system and policy at national level,there are many difficulties in determining property right of projects in many areas.This not only puzzles competent authorities and specific management institution,but also is unfavorable for long-term full play of project benefit.Combining related laws,regulations,and policies,this paper analyzed and discussed property right of rural drinking water projects.It proposed establishing usufructuary right to replace division of property right,in the hope of helping improve management of rural drinking water projects.

Discussion on Anti-Seepage Technologies in the Construction of Small-Scale Rural Water Conservancy Projects

In order to ensure the sustainable growth of rural economy,it is necessary to carry out further research on small-scale water conservancy projects and solve the seepage issue in rural areas.Based on the application significance of small-scale rural water conservancy projects and the analysis of anti-seepage technologies,along with specific examples,this paper specifically discusses the application of high-pressure jet technology,so as to provide reference for the development of engineering construction.

Problem and Countermeasure Analysis of Popularization Mode for Rural Residential Demonstration Project

Popularization mode of government-dominated rural residential demonstration projects and its features were introduced.It was proposed that such a popularization mode still remained at the primary development stage and was still suffering from many problems such as guiding role of government not fully played,lack of assessment standards,unitary funding channels,ineffective popularization effects and unpractical management regulations.In view of these problems,popularization strategies for rural residential demonstration projects were given from the perspective of establishing authorized coordination and supervision agencies,improving incentive policies of demonstration projects and also regulation system for these projects,expanding funding channels,and building information platforms.The study was to provide practical references for the future development of rural residential demonstration projects.

Design of Water Disinfection Scheme for Rural Drinking Water Safety Project

As further promotion of the rural drinking water safety project in whole country, small villages in vast countryside have been or will be equipped with safety drinking water project. We analyzed necessity of the rural drinking water disinfection, discussed disinfection method suitable for rural drinking water characteristics, and put forward disinfection schemes for different water supply sources.

An Analysis of Evolution of Lending Patterns of IFAD China's Rural Financial Project

This paper tells us briefly the background and aims of the fundation of IFAD.It points out that IFAD plays an important part in helping the development of agriculture and food production in developing countries,and in reducing the poverty conditions in the poorest countries.It tells us that IFAD has offered donation to China for 8 times,with a total amount reaching to 56.839 million dollars.With the development of the economy of China,IFAD has changed its lending financial policies to China from a highly beneficial policy to a moderate lending policy.The operation of the loan projects have greatly improved the living conditions and of the local and the conditions of agricultural production,promoting the improvement of economy,social stability,and enviroment.It discusses several lending patterns of IFAD China's rural financial projects.The government-leading model,which is represented by the IFAD financial lending loan.Market-oriented model of formal financial institutions,which is represented by IFAD Rural Credit Cooperatives,with market oriented.Government supporting as secondary model,which are dominated by IFAD Women's lending patterns and Village Development Fund lending model.In this paper,advantages and disadvantages of lending patterns are analyzed and evaluated.It discusses the development trend of IFAD financial lending patterns in terms of Rural Credit Cooperatives and a pattern which is community-oriented and farmers-benefited.

Exploration on the Crowdfunding Mode of Rural Memory Project

In the past decades of industrialization and urbanization,a plenty of Chinese villages have passed out of existence.The amount of the existing ancient villages in China only accounts for 1.9% of the amount of Chinese administrative villages.Chinese traditional villages include tangible cultural heritage like traditional residential architecture and cultural relics,as well as intangible cultural heritage like folk customs and handcraft,which are of extremely important values and demand proper conservation immediately."Rural Memory Project" is not only a carrier project of "memorizing nostalgia" and "retaining passion for home",but also the original protection project of tangible cultural heritage like rural historic streets and traditional resident courtyard,as well as intangible cultural heritage like production and living customs.At present,"Rural Memory" Project launched by Shandong province was primarily funded by the government sectors whose investment was far from sufficient for the great appetite of the project,thus massive social capital has to be absorbed to ensure a sustainable implementation of the project.Featured with low threshold,strong inclusivity and stable mass basis,crowdfunding which could adapt to the characteristics of the current "Rural Memory" Project is regarded as a feasible fund-raising channel.In the exploration of crowdfunding mode,the authorities could focus on establishing a specialized crowdfunding platform for Rural Memory Project,select proper crowdfunding mode according to the characteristics of the project,adhere to the macro orientation and policy of the government,and commit themselves to dissolving the institutional constraints in crowdfunding.

Determinants of Adoption of Agricultural Extension of Green River Project among Rural Households of Niger Delta, Nigeria

This study analyzed the determinants of adoption of agricultural extension of Green River Project among rural households of Niger Delta, Nigeria. Questionnaire, which was randomly distributed, was used for data collection from 270 direct beneficiaries of the project. Frequency, percentage and multiple regression were used for data analyses. For the beneficiaries, the results indicated a mean age of 48 years, 9 years of formal education, annual net farm income of N115, 681.48 and 2.8 times of monthly contact with Project Extension Officers. The mean adoption status of the project was 56.6%. The relationship between socio-economic characteristics of beneficiaries and adoption status gave an R2 of 0.668. Age, education, farming, experience, farm income and extension contact were significant determinants of adoption. The study recommends improvement in formal education, farm income, extension contact and inclusion of younger farmers as beneficiaries to enhance adoption status.

“项目进村”对村庄治理机制的重构

“项目进村”是实现乡村产业振兴与集体经济可持续发展的关键,基于交易成本理论和治理机制的协同效应理论,结合安徽省YQ乡的案例分析,解读“项目进村”何以成功,并分析生产型治理对乡村治理机制的重构。研究发现:生产型治理通过发挥科层机制与合约机制的协同效应,能够降低项目的交易成本,实现“项目进村”;当合约机制的交易成本更低时,就会引致对科层机制的替代,但是当交易的非市场化程度较高时,就会不可避免地选择科层机制。科层机制是村庄“有项目”的基础,而合约机制的嵌入能够避免科层机制治理目标的异化,使得进村项目“得以落地”;合约机制是项目内生性嵌入村庄的过程,而通过与科层机制间的协同,能够避免合约机制治理能力的弱化,使得落地项目“得以持续”;通过生产型治理,可以从治理主体、产权结构、分配结构等方面打通乡村治理的关键痛点,为“项目进村”打下坚实的治理基础。

基于布迪厄理论的村落体育扶贫工程农民参与意愿研究

采用问卷调查、专家访谈、数理统计等方法,基于布迪厄理论审视“三区三州”村落农民参与体育扶贫工程的意愿。结果表明:人口特征、经济资本、文化资本、社会资本等变量对“三区三州”村落农民参与体育扶贫工程意愿均有不同程度的影响。在性别上,男性较之女性意愿更强;在年龄上,老年人意愿强于青年人,青年人意愿强于中年人;在户口性质上,非农户口意愿强于农业户口。从影响系数看,各因素影响力依次是体育消费情况、农村体育公共服务组织、农村体育参与、家庭经济情况、常住人口,三类资本的影响力均超过人口学特征变量。据此提出建议:刺激农村体育消费、健全农村组织网络、创新农民健身活动、防止农村人口流失。

“一村一名大学生计划”对农村创业成功的影响研究

兴大业,必先用人。人才振兴是推进乡村振兴的重要引擎力量。本文基于教育部“一村一名大学生计划”评选出的69个案例,运用扎根理论,通过开放式编码、主轴式编码以及选择式编码,分析出“一村一名大学生计划”对农村创业成功的核心影响因素,并结合社会资本理论与自我效能理论,探究了“一村一名大学生计划”实现农村创业成功的路径。结果发现:“一村一名大学生计划”的开展,具有增加农村创业者社会资本和专业知识、提高创业者个人能力的功能,从而帮助农村创业者有效地识别创业机会,获取更优质的创业资源,做出科学正确的创业行为,最终实现创业成功。同时,基于所得结果,归纳、构建出“一村一名大学生计划”影响农村创业成功的机理模型,据此提出未来助力“乡村振兴”的相关建议。

问责吸纳控制权:乡村产业振兴项目激励失灵的理论解释——以A省F县为例

在乡村振兴中,产业项目因其带来的巨大财政资源和增量绩效,理应有效激发基层政府的能动性。然而,一些地区却出现产业项目对基层政府的激励失灵现象。在“问责吸纳控制权”的分析视野中,问责压力的强化改变了纵向政府间的控制权配置模式,凸显基层行动者的权责失衡样态,这是诱致产业项目激励失灵的深层机制。具体而言,问责总领与检查验收权的向上集中使得基层政府追求控制权的空间不断被压缩,督查问责与正向激励的不均衡加剧了控制权内部冲突,消解了基层干部发展产业项目的主体性,进一步催生出目标设定权的价值偏离,诱发避责共同体的形成及项目制基层实践扭曲。对此,需要在总体上重构控制权,通过强化县域产业自主发展能力、健全权责对等机制、培育乡村内生参与力量破解项目化运作的基层激励失灵困境。

“项目进村”何以形成制度同构效应——基于河北省秦皇岛市B村长城国家文化公园项目建设的调查

“项目进村”是乡村治理的重要手段。目前,“项目进村”对乡村的制度性干预机理尚未获得深刻阐释,特别是“项目进村”如何影响长城村落治理尚不清楚。河北省秦皇岛市B村长城国家文化公园项目建设表明:长城国家文化公园通过“项目进村”对长城村落治理形成制度同构效应。制度同构负效应的产生过程,以长城村落治理困境为前提“,短期项目制”导致行政机关官僚治理行为与绩效追求的非理性症候;制度同构正效应的释放方式,在于长城国家文化公园制度体系优化长城村落治理结构,“长期行政发包制”促进长城村落治理理性的生成;制度同构综合效应的实践表征,体现在村民自治是以长城村落的自然资源禀赋约束、空间局限与发展问题为出发点,形成“集体唯实主义”的村庄治理机制与行动逻辑“。项目进村”的制度同构效应既要与西方科层制相照应,更应扎根于中国乡土社会,体现乡土实践经验本位特征,为优化党领导下的村民自治提供了新的启示。

美学经济赋能乡村振兴机理、路径与机制研究——基于浙江省美丽乡村建设的经验分析

美学经济在本质上是要实现“以美丽促美力,以美好实现美好”的人本主义经济。美学经济通过美与“三生”联动融通赋能乡村发展新动能,通过美与治理内化融合赋能乡村振兴新活力,通过美与空间融通赋能乡村振兴新格局。美学经济赋能乡村振兴离不开动力支持路径和文明推进路径的支持,需要构建完善的美学资源传承保护、转化相关机制,需要构建“外生-内生”有效耦合的驱动机制、统筹和协同机制。浙江省以“千万工程”实施为切入口,形成了以“三生三美”共生和美关系构建为特色的美学经济赋能乡村振兴的发展道路,为美学经济赋能乡村振兴提供了中国方案。

循数善治:数字技术如何赋能基层治理?——基于浙江衢州“邻礼通·三民工程”的案例分析

社区治理是我国基层治理的重要组成部分,提升社区治理效能是实现基层善治、推动国家治理能力现代化的关键一环。目前我国的社区治理体系具有管控性强、覆盖率高等优势,然而社区治理难度增大和治理任务繁重等现实难题也阻碍着治理效能的进一步提升。本文提出依托数字技术赋能城市社区治理的研究框架,根据现实基层治理的困境和难点,提炼了“循数善治”的赋能模式,总结了五条数字技术赋能基层治理的作用机制,并结合浙江衢州“邻礼通·三民工程”的案例具体分析。衢州市的基层治理改革创新对治理模式转向善治的本土化耦合提供了循数善治的数字赋能路径,为解决基层治理难题、实现国家善治,开拓了一条数字时代的基层治理新路。

“四链”视角下乡村振兴产业融合项目立项评价方法研究

将产业融合项目立项评价与乡村振兴相结合,从产业链、价值链、供应链、利益链出发,以产业融合项目延链强链补链路径和方式为导向,基于文献研究法构建以产业链延伸、价值链提升、供应链优化、利益链完善为一级指标的乡村振兴产业融合项目立项评价指标体系;在赋权模型的构建上,利用序关系分析法(G1法)与基于指标间相关性的指标权重确定法(CRITIC)组合赋权确定指标权重,同时考虑CRITIC法权重计算过程中指标数据的不确定性与随机性而引入云模型理论表征评价信息,以获得相对成熟的指标数据。最后采用交互式多准则决策(TODIM)法对陕西省某地产业融合项目进行综合评价,验证结果表明所提出评价方法有效。

强县工程背景下职业教育服务乡村振兴的路径研究——以五峰土家族自治县为例

湖北省实施强县工程是坚决落实全面推进乡村振兴战略的具体体现和具体措施。国家、省、市等多个推动职业教育高质量发展的文件也对职业教育服务乡村振兴战略提出总体目标、推进机制及举措、建设要求等方面的指导意见和工作部署,服务乡村振兴战略摆在职业教育工作推进的重要位置。湖北省宜昌市五峰土家族自治县近年来高度重视并引导当地职业教育主动服务乡村振兴战略,研究通过查阅国内外职业教育服务乡村振兴的相关文献,开展实地调研,以五峰县的做法为例,通过检视和发现职业教育以强县工程为抓手在服务乡村振兴战略中存在的问题,力求理清当地职业教育服务乡村振兴战略的侧重点,为进一步优化完善职业教育服务乡村振兴顶层设计和整体规划、稳妥推进职业教育改革与创新提高乡村振兴服务质量、完善职业教育政策保障机制激活乡村振兴服务动能等方面探索科学有效方法和具有可操作性实施路径。

对某城乡供水工程自动化控制的设计和应用研究

城乡供水自动化是解决农村饮水安全的重要措施,能够有效保证供水工程的管理决策能力和应用服务水平。总结了某城乡供水项目中自动化控制的设计和应用,不仅能有效的弥补水利工程建设过程中存在的不足,此外在实现水利工程长远发展、提高水利工程管理水平中也发挥了重要性作用,可以实现城乡供水后期运行中节水、减员、降本、增效的功能优势,推动了城乡供水的均等化服务,有效巩固当地的脱贫攻坚工作。

宜居宜业和美乡村建设的理论逻辑与实践进路———基于浙江“千万工程”的经验与启示

建设宜居宜业和美乡村,是全面推进乡村振兴、加快农业强国建设的前进方向。宜居宜业和美乡村建设具有独特的内涵特征、理论逻辑和实践逻辑,从“宜居”“宜业”和“和美”三个维度进行系统剖析发现,中国在乡村建设、农村产业发展、乡村治理等方面取得显著成效,但农村公共服务短板仍然突出,人居环境质量不高,三产融合程度较低,城乡精神文明建设存在差距,乡村治理效能有待提升。借鉴“千万工程”正确处理绿色发展与协调发展、整治村庄与经营村庄、整体推进与重点突破三大关系的经验,新阶段新征程上推进宜居宜业和美乡村建设,需要秉持绿色发展理念,持续提升农业农村绿色化水平;坚持协调发展理念,统筹推进城乡融合发展。据此,应激发农民内生动力,增强自我发展意愿;充分发挥市场作用,推动有效市场和有为政府相结合;始终坚持问题导向,循序渐进宜居宜业和美乡村建设。