Assessment of Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Women of Childbearing Age in Cameroon: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Malnutrition due to poor feeding habits, is still a serious public health issue in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to assess the dietary patterns and nutritional status of women of childbearing age in various geographical settings in Cameroon so as to propose intervention strategies. Methods: In a cross sectional study conducted from January 2014 to August 2015, women aged 14 - 49 years were randomly selected from the capital city Yaounde and four regions of Cameroon. Anthropometric measures were collected for nutritional status assessment. Data on diet habits and socio-demographic parameters were collected. Results: 608 women of reproductive age with average age 34.68 ± 0.39 years made up the study. Dietary patterns assessment revealed that, most study participants had a frequent intake of carbohydrate rich foods and fats and oils rich foods;but an infrequent intake of protein rich foods and vitamin and minerals rich foods in a week. Nutritional status assessment revealed that, 2.1% were underweight, 28.6% had a normal weight, 30.8% overweight, and 38.5% obese. The grass field regions presented the highest prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity. Higher malnutrition levels were linked to low intakes of pulses and beans;milk and dairy products;vegetables and fruits food groups. Conclusion: Women of the study population had an unhealthy dietary pattern and a poor nutritional status. Therefore, strategies such as nutritional education are warranted and should be age and region specific, so as to target specific groups of women and ensure adequate nutritional status and health.

育龄妇女钙吸收与维生素D受体基因多态性

目的在我国城市居民代表性膳食条件下，探讨育龄妇女膳食钙吸收与维生素D受体（VDR）基因BsmI酶切多态性间的关系。方法从300名18～23岁女大学生中筛选40名受试对象，并通过特定引物对VDR基因扩增产物，以限制性内切酶BsmI酶切电泳条带分布分型。3d代表性膳食适应后，开始为期12d的代谢实验。研究对象所摄取的食品和饮品为城市代表性膳食，称重（包括饮水）并采集备份样品分析测定；采集研究对象的粪便和尿液。测定并计算出每位研究对象膳食钙的吸收率。结果不同VDR基因BsmI酶切型别的育龄妇女膳食钙吸收率不同，即Bb〈bb，且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论VDR基因Bb型别的育龄妇女膳食钙吸收率低，应引起关注。

山东省农村育龄妇女代表性膳食下铁、锌、钙吸收率分析

目的：研究山东省农村育龄妇女代表性膳食下铁、锌、钙的吸收率。以及膳食因素对它们吸收利用的影响。方法：用代谢平衡法。使用原子吸收分光光度计（AAS）测定膳食与粪便的铁、锌、钙．计算铁、锌、钙的吸收率。同时测定影响铁、锌、钙吸收的因子：膳食脂肪、蛋白、植酸、纤维亲和Vitc的含量，计算日平均摄入量，将其结果与我国育龄妇女每日推荐膳食营养素摄入量（RNI）进行比较。结果：铁、锌、钙的吸收率分别为8．26％、21．48％、47．94％，铁的平均日摄入量为13．77mg，占RNI的68．85％，远低于推荐量，锌的平均日摄入量为15．43mg，占RNI的102．87％，高于推荐量，钙的平均日摄入量为409．38mg，占RNI的51．17％。远低于推荐量。蛋白质和Vitc的日摄入量分别为65．70g与34．20mg，占RNI的82．12％-109．50％和34．20％，低于推荐量。脂肪、植酸和膳食纤维的摄入量较高。结论：在蛋白质和抗坏血酸的日摄入量较低，脂肪、植酸和膳食纤维的摄入量较高的条件下，铁吸收率较低，铁营养缺乏，锌营养尚可，钙摄入量显著低于RNI，显示钙摄入严重不足。

育龄妇女膳食钙吸收与ERα基因多态性关系

目的在我国城市居民代表性膳食条件下,探讨育龄妇女膳食钙吸收与雌激素受体(ER)基因PvuⅡ或XbaⅠ酶切多态性间的关系。方法通过特定引物对ER基因扩增产物以限制性内切酶PvuⅡ或XbaⅠ酶切电泳条带分布分型。3 d代表性膳食适应后,开始为期12 d的代谢实验。研究对象所摄取的食品和饮品为设计的城市代表性膳食,称重(包括饮水)并采集备份样品分析测定;完整采集研究对象的粪便和尿液。测定并计算出每位研究对象膳食钙的吸收率。结果不同ER基因PvuⅡ或XbaⅠ酶切型别的育龄妇女膳食钙吸收率有所不同,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论雌激素对我国城市育龄妇女膳食钙吸收无调节作用。