Distinctions between the Three Major Native Dialects of English

This paper focuses on essential distinctions between the major native dialects of English which are often divided by linguists into the three general categories of the British Isles dialects,those of North America and those of Australasia.English learners might want to learn a standard accent,because maybe they need it in a play or maybe they want to impress their friends,or maybe they want to fit in better in a certain English speaking environment.The paper hopes to help Chinese English learners firstly isolate the distinctions among different but widely-used and officially-accepted accents and then speak good English by means of eliminating incorrect accent by imitating Standard English pronunciation.

A Research of the Distinctions between English and Chinese Tenses

By observing the grammar systems of Chinese and English,it is found that the uses of tenses between the two languages are very different. It turns out that the Chinese expressions of tenses are more casual and variable,without fixed rules,while for English,more regular. The distinct ways and patterns of expressing tenses between Chinese and English give rise to more frequent errors made by students. Thus,only by a thorough and profound understanding of these distinctions can we find a better way to master the uses of tenses,which requires a reasonable comparison of the tenses between Chinese and English.

A Secure Device Management Scheme with Audio-Based Location Distinction in IoT

Identifying a device and detecting a change in its position is critical for secure devices management in the Internet of Things(IoT).In this paper,a device management system is proposed to track the devices by using audio-based location distinction techniques.In the proposed scheme,traditional cryptographic techniques,such as symmetric encryption algorithm,RSA-based signcryption scheme,and audio-based secure transmission,are utilized to provide authentication,non-repudiation,and confidentiality in the information interaction of the management system.Moreover,an audio-based location distinction method is designed to detect the position change of the devices.Specifically,the audio frequency response(AFR)of several frequency points is utilized as a device signature.The device signature has the features as follows.(1)Hardware Signature:different pairs of speaker and microphone have different signatures;(2)Distance Signature:in the same direction,the signatures are different at different distances;and(3)Direction Signature:at the same distance,the signatures are different in different directions.Based on the features above,amovement detection algorithmfor device identification and location distinction is designed.Moreover,a secure communication protocol is also proposed by using traditional cryptographic techniques to provide integrity,authentication,and non-repudiation in the process of information interaction between devices,Access Points(APs),and Severs.Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.The experimental results show that the proposedmethod has a good performance in accuracy and energy consumption.

The Empirical Analysis on the Dynamic Effect of Rural-urban Migration on the Consumption Growth of Residents in China——Based on Varying Parameter State-space Model

The research constructed varying parameter state-space model and per- formed estimation on dynamic relationship between urban-rural migration and aggre- gate consumption expenditure on basis of dual economic structure. The results showed that urban consumption growth made the most contribution to aggregate consumption growth, followed by urban-rural migration caused consumption. The role of rural consumption growth kept stable, but consumption caused by population growth was decreasing. Therefore, China consumption growth mainly relies on urban consumption expenditure and urban-rural migration.

人格判断能力的老化:信息量的调节作用

人格判断对个体社会功能的发挥具有重要影响。本研究采用2(判断者年龄组:老年、年轻)×3(目标人物信息量:单一、中等、丰富)被试间实验设计,考察了信息量对老年人和年轻人人格判断准确性的影响,包括普遍准确性(对目标人物所在群体人格共性判断的准确性)和特有准确性(对目标人物个体人格判断的准确性)。结果显示,老年人人格判断的普遍准确性高于年轻人,且信息量的多少并不影响这一年长优势。信息量只影响特有准确性判断的年龄差异:单一信息量(仅实时文字)时,老年人的特有准确性低于年轻人;中等(实时文字和声音)和丰富信息量(实时文字、声音和图像)时,二者表现相当。综上,老年人的人格判断能力总体保持较好,且能有效利用增量信息来弥补与年轻人在特有准确性上的差距。

移动设备日志结构文件系统综述

NAND闪存(NAND flash)因为其大容量、轻便、抗震等优异特性,被广泛使用于移动设备.面向闪存特性设计的闪存友好型文件系统(flash friendly file system,F2FS)是典型的日志结构文件系统(log-structured file system,LFS),它采用日志结构写机制提升了随机写性能,使用前滚恢复技术实现快速的一致性保护,经常被用作移动设备的文件系统.文件系统因碎片化和段清理问题导致性能下降,而日志结构文件系统的异地更新机制和移动应用的高并发随机同步小写模式进一步加剧了碎片化,导致I/O请求响应变慢、设备运行卡顿.首先介绍了移动设备日志结构文件系统的相关概念和内容,随后总结了日志结构文件系统碎片化和段清理问题的研究现状.一方面分析了碎片产生的原因与影响,从预防碎片产生和重整碎片2个角度总结了减少碎片的研究工作.另一方面分析了冷热数据混合对段清理的影响,从静态分类和动态分类2方面总结了冷热数据区分技术的研究现状,从管理数据分布和调整段清理时机、频率、对象2个角度总结了段清理的研究现状.最后展望了移动设备日志结构文件系统研究的主要挑战和未来研究工作.

Analysis on Competitiveness of Lingnan Distinctive Architectural Tourist Cultural Sites in Guangdong Province Based on GIS

By using multi-objective analysis method, five architectural tourist sites with Lingnan characteristics were selected. Through the analysis on relevant data obtained by GIS, spatial analysis research had been conducted on competitiveness of Lingnan distinctive architectural tourist cultural sites in Guangdong Province and some conclusions had been obtained.

数字技术采纳策略、技术差距与企业高质量发展——基于最优区分理论视角

数字技术改变了企业竞争基础,是企业高质量发展的核心驱动力。文章基于最优区分理论视角,识别了企业应对数字化趋势的趋同性和差异性的数字技术采纳策略,并鉴于技术阶段作为企业最优区分的情境要素,以美国行业为技术标杆,基于2010—2021年A股上市公司面板数据,实证分析不同数字技术采纳策略对企业高质量发展的影响效应及不同技术差距的作用机理。研究发现:(1)纳入数据要素后,测算得到的我国企业TFP显著提升,但多数行业的企业技术水平仍低于美国。(2)数字技术运用和数字技术创新均促进了企业高质量发展,且前者影响效应大于后者,二者对企业TFP的赋能效应在不同类型企业和行业中存在异质性。(3)数字技术运用缩小了企业与美国技术差距的同时促进了领先企业技术水平的进一步提升,而理论上认为的数字技术创新的作用效应尚未得到经验数据支持。(4)正向和逆向技术差距分别削弱和强化了数字技术采纳对企业高质量发展的赋能效应,而该效应在不同数字技术战略中呈现差异性:相较于数字技术运用,削弱效应在数字技术创新中更强,而强化效应却未能显著。

Human Settlements in Rural-urban Fringe

On basis of human settlements theory, the research explored status quo of human settlements theory in rural-urban fringe, and analyzed and concluded predicaments confronted by rural-urban fringe, laying foundation for human settle- ments theory of rural-urban fringe.

M-distinct算法改进:面向动态数据集重发布的隐私保护算法

M-distinct extension算法通过将数据添加、删除、更新三种情况分开处理,在删除情况下引入伪记录的概念,使得攻击者无法得出插入和删除数据之间的联系;另一方面提出事实:数据记录的不同属性在不同的发布用途中其信息权重并不相同,根据事实,引入属性权重的概念,减少算法在分配和划分两个阶段的循环次数,提高算法的效率。

中原文化对外传播叙事话语策略研究--以Where Zhengzhou为例

地方媒体在对外讲好中华文化故事层面拥有特色文化资源基底与新型叙事话语表征。本研究以郑州报业集团对外传播融媒体中心外宣品牌Where Zhengzhou的中原文化对外传播实践为例,以其国际获奖作品与外宣语料为文本进行内容分析。研究发现:在文化叙事层面,外宣媒体采用“他者”视角传播中原故事,以线性叙事增进文化底色;在话语策略层面,巧用话语修辞创新新闻议题,促进中原文化“走出去”,成功地打造出了优秀外宣品牌。未来,结合新型媒介技术讲述中原故事是大势所趋,地方媒体应以年轻态“话语”减少文化误读,继而提升文化外宣传播力。

清代“大一统”理论解说

“大一统”作为政治思想理念,构成中国历史发展的一条主线,也是维护国家统一、中华民族内向凝聚的一条生命线。文章对“大一统”的内涵、“大一统”理念的重要性、清代如何实践“大一统”及取得哪些进展进行了阐释。认为准确解释“大一统”是打开中国历史之门的一把钥匙,不识“大一统”,难识清史真貌,给不出科学的评价。清代创建新“大一统”理论并全面推行,付诸治国实践,取得一系列的历史性突破,凝结成巩固的中华民族共同体及共同体意识。

师范类专业认证背景下校本特色文化融入“大学英语”混合式教学研究

师范类专业认证以“学生中心、产出导向、持续改进”为基本理念,“大学英语”课程应践行师范类专业认证的理念并采用混合式教学模式。校本特色文化元素的英译文本是重要的课程思政资源,传承校本特色文化是“大学英语”混合式教学的必然要求,挖掘校本特色文化是师范类专业建设的重要途径。基于认证理念的校本特色文化融入“大学英语”混合式教学的实践路径主要包括:反向挖掘体现学生中心的校本特色文化;结合校本特色文化设计“大学英语”混合式教学的教学目标、教学内容及教学活动;依据持续改进的理念完善线上线下教学评价体系。

Distinct Modes of Winter Arctic Sea Ice Motion and Their Associations with Surface Wind Variability

Using monthly mean sea ice velocity data obtained from the International Arctic Buoy Programme （IABP） for the period of 1979–1998 and the monthly mean NCEP/NCAR re-analysis dataset （1960–2002）, we investigated the spatiotemporal evolution of the leading sea ice motion mode （based on a complex correlation matrix constructed of normalized sea ice motion velocity） and their association with sea level pressure （SLP） and the predominant modes of surface wind field variability. The results indicate that the leading winter sea ice motion mode’s spatial evolution is characterized by two alternating and distinct sea ice modes, or their linear combination. One mode （M1） shows a nearly closed cyclonic or anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly in the Arctic Basin and its marginal seas, resembling to a large extent the response of sea ice motion to the Arctic Oscillation （AO）, as many previous studies have revealed. The other mode （M2） displays a coherent cyclonic or anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly with its center close to the Laptev Sea, which has not been identified in previous observational studies. In fact, M1 and M2 respectively reflect the responses of sea ice motion to two predominant modes of winter surface wind variability north of 70 ？ N, which well correspond, with slight differences, to the first two modes of EOF analysis of winter monthly mean SLP north of 70 ？ N. These slight differences in SLP anomalies lead to a difference of M2 from the response of sea ice motion to the dipole anomaly. Although the AO significantly influences sea ice motion, it is not crucial for the existence of M1. The new sea ice motion mode （M2） has the largest variance and clearly differs from the response of winter monthly mean sea ice motion to the dipole anomaly in SLP fields, and corresponding SLP anomalies also show differences compared to the dipole anomaly. This study indicates that in the Arctic Basin and its marginal seas, slight differences in SLP anomaly patterns can force distinctly different sea ice motion anomalies.

Assessment of wheat variety distinctness using SSR markers

Assessment of variety distinctness is important for both the registration and the protection of particular variety. However, the current testing system, which assesses a range of morphological characters of each pair of varieties grown side-by-side, is time-consuming and is not suitable for the assessment of hundreds of samples. The objective of this study was to develop a procedure for the assessment of wheat variety distinctness using simple sequence repeat（SSR） markers. A comparison between the molecular and morphological profile of 797 varieties was made. On the basis of the comparison, pairs of varieties with a genetic similarity value（GSV） ≤90% were deemed to be distinct, accounting for ~85% of varieties assessed in wheat regional trials. For the remaining ~15% of varieties, GSVs between different varieties were 〉90%, among which ~35% were not distinct and the other ~65% were distinct. Therefore, if given a GSV〉90%, the pairs of varieties should be morphologically assessed in the field. To avoid any errors in the assessments, we proposed the elimination of contaminant plants from the sample before comparing the varietal genotypes, scoring of the genotype at each locus with a pair of allele numbers when constructing a molecular profile, and faithfully recording two alleles at a non-homozygous locus. To reduce the workload and cost, a three-grade markers comparison among varieties is suggested. In addition, 80 SSR markers and a technical procedure for assessment of wheat variety distinctness have been proposed. Based on the procedure, the distinctness assessment of ~85% of all wheat varieties is completed in our laboratory annually. Consequently, total field assessment has been reduced considerably.

Construction of EST-SSR Databases for Effective Cultivar Identification and Their Applicability to Complement for Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Distinctness Test

The objectives of this study were to construct a database of expressed sequence tag (EST)-simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to identify lettuce cultivars. A set of 370 EST-SSR primer pairs were applied for fingerprinting the lettuce cultivars. Fifty-eight EST-SSR markers showed hy-per-variability and were able to differentiate 92 cultivars. A total of 176 polymorphic amplified fragments were obtained by the 58 markers, and two to eight SSR alleles were detected for each l&degCus with an average of three alleles per locus. Average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.425, ranging from 0.022 to 0.743. Cluster analysis was based on Jaccard’s distance coefficients using the method of unweighted pair group. In this method we used arithmetical averages (UPGMA) algorithm categorized 4 major groups, which were in accordance to morphological traits. The eight cultivars of three groups with 100% genetic similarity through SSR analysis were investigated by phenotypic traits. These cultivars including these pairs are very similar in 27 morphological characteristics. Therefore, these EST-SSR markers could be used to select similar cultivars through management of reference collection to complement distinctiveness test of lettuce cultivars.

Preparation of the UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability–Tea Plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]

Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability （DUS） testing is the technical base of Plant Variety Protection （PVP） and the scientific basis for the approval of Plant Breeder＇s Rights （PBR）. DUS Test Guidelines are not only the technical manuals for the DUS testing authorities to conduct the testing, but also the technical standards for the competent authorities to examine the DUS of new varieties of plants. Tea plant, originated from Yunnan Province, China, is a very important woody cash species in the world. The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants （UPOV） DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant is the first Test Guidelines prepared by China for the UPOV. In this article, the subject, selection, and determination of characteristics, states of expression of characteristics and the selection of example varieties, assessment of the UPOV DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant were elucidated in detail. Finally, the proposal of PVP for tea plant in China was also proposed. The preparation of UPOV DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant will have important significance both for promoting the development of PVP and increasing the status of international PVP fields for China.

Taxonomic Distinctness of Macrofauna as an Ecological Indicator in Laizhou Bay and Adjacent Waters

In this paper, we assessed the ecological and biodiversity status in the Bohai Sea through a quantitative survey on mac-rofaunal community at 25 stations in Laizhou Bay and adjacent waters in the autumn of 2006.We tested the robustness and effectiveness of taxonomic distinctness as an ecological indictor by analyzing its correlation with species richness and natural environmental variables and by analyzing other ecological indicators (Shannon-Wiener H' and W statistics from Abundance Biomass Comparison curve).Results so obtained indicated that the benthic environment of the study waters in general is not under major impact of anthropogenic disturbance, but some stations in Laizhou Bay and along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula and even in the central Bohai Sea might be moderately disturbed and showed signs of ecological degradation.The taxonomic distinctness measures △+ and Λ+ were independent of sampling effort and natural environment factors and were compliant to other ecological indicators.Further application of the taxonomic distinctness indicator to assess marine biodiversity and ecosystem health on a larger regional scale with historical data seems promising.

Taxonomic Distinctness of the Intertidal Fish Community on the Pacific Coast of Baja California Sur, México

The intertidal zone is a complex coastal area exposed to a wide variety of environmental factors. During low tide, rocky pools are exposed to air for several hours throughout the day, and environmental conditions such as temperature and salinity are highly variable. Fish communities that inhabit these tide pools are also exposed to environmental variability;therefore it is important to look at fish community structure in relation to important environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen on tide pools during spring tides, time of greater exposure to air. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the variation of the taxonomic distinctness of intertidal fish communities considering temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen of the water that remains trapped in the tide pools during low tide. Visual census surveys were carried out monthly, from January to December 2015, in the intertidal zone of El Faro during spring tides on full moon days, when fluctuations of environmental variables are significant. Total extension of the census surveys was 156 × 5 m (780 m2). A total of 145 tide pools were sampled and divided in three groups (small, medium and large) according to size and depths that ranged from 20 to 45 cm. Temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen fluctuate throughout the year of study. Thermal difference between open ocean and tide pools ranged from 3.5°C to 4.5°C. A total of 3757 organisms from 22 species, 12 families, four orders and one class were recorded. When comparing taxonomic distinctness and average taxonomic distinctness between months and tide pools of different sizes, values fell within the confidence intervals in the tunnel and were located close to the mean.

Three-dimensional distinct element modeling of fault reactivation and induced seismicity due to hydraulic fracturing injection and backflow

This paper presents a three-dimensional fully hydro-mechanical coupled distinct element study on fault reactivation and induced seismicity due to hydraulic fracturing injection and subsequent backflow process,based on the geological data in Horn River Basin,Northeast British Columbia,Canada.The modeling results indicate that the maximum magnitude of seismic events appears at the fracturing stage.The increment of fluid volume in the fault determines the cumulative moment and maximum fault slippage,both of which are essentially proportional to the fluid volume.After backflow starts,the fluid near the joint intersection keeps flowing into the critically stressed fault,rather than backflows to the wellbore.Although fault slippage is affected by the changes of both pore pressure and ambient rock stress,their contributions are different at fracturing and backflow stages.At fracturing stage,pore pressure change shows a dominant effect on induced fault slippage.While at backflow stage,because the fault plane is under a critical stress state,any minor disturbance would trigger a fault slippage.The energy analysis indicates that aseismic deformation takes up a majority of the total deformation energy during hydraulic fracturing.A common regularity is found in both fracturing-and backflow-induced seismicity that the cumulative moment and maximum fault slippage are nearly proportional to the injected fluid volume.This study shows some novel insights into interpreting fracturing-and backflowinduced seismicity,and provides useful information for controlling and mitigating seismic hazards due to hydraulic fracturing.