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Assessment of Ecosystems Damages Caused by Russian War against Ukraine
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作者 Yevhen Bezsonov 《Open Journal of Ecology》 2024年第10期754-788,共35页
The question of the impact of war on ecosystems still remains secondary in the internal and external policy of states, society and the agenda of international organizations. From the point of view of losses in monetar... The question of the impact of war on ecosystems still remains secondary in the internal and external policy of states, society and the agenda of international organizations. From the point of view of losses in monetary terms, the values of ecosystem damages obtained in the work, which are a consequence of the impact of hostilities on the environment, correspond to the annual budgets of the largest countries in the world or exceed them. The presented calculations significantly exceed the known normative methods, the use of which in the conditions of war is limited in space and time. Objective difficulties associated with the uncertainty of many processes of the development of ecological systems and their reaction to the multifactorial impact of war are also significant limitations. Therefore, as part of the study, a method of assessing the impact of war on the environment is proposed, which is based on the patterns of energy flows in ecosystems from the moment it is binding by producers. This made it possible to take into account in the calculations the principle of functional integrity of the ecological system, according to which the destruction or damage of the components of a functionally whole environment will necessarily cause negative phenomena in the development of ecological systems. The results are presented in the form of real values of ecological losses in energy and monetary equivalents, as consequences of the loss of ecosystem services. As the results of the research show, the minimum amount of damage to ecosystems from Russian tanks is 43,500 USD per day. Environmental damage from Russian fighter jets has been estimated at $1.5 billion per week since the start of the war. Noise from military operations causes losses of at least 2.3 billion US dollars per year. The obtained results create prerequisites for improving the system of ensuring environmental safety at the local, state, and international levels and transferring the obtained solutions into safety-shaping practice. 展开更多
关键词 Ecosystem services Damage Assessment Environmental security russias War against Ukraine
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Decoupling U.S.Economy from China Doomed to Fail
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作者 HE WEIWEN 《China Today》 2023年第6期44-45,共2页
The global supply chain is based on the global distribution of materials,technology,capital,labor,and markets and thus cannot be altered by political motives.KEEPING a sound and stable global supply chain will benefit... The global supply chain is based on the global distribution of materials,technology,capital,labor,and markets and thus cannot be altered by political motives.KEEPING a sound and stable global supply chain will benefit not only China and America,but also the world at large.Janet Yellen,U.S.secretary of treasury,has realized the devastating consequences of decoupling U.S.economy from Chinese economy when she spoke at John Hopkins Institute on April 20,2023.Yellen said,“The United States will assert ourselves when our vital interests are at stake.But we do not seek to decouple our economy from China’s.A full separation of our economies would be disastrous for both countries.It would be destabilizing for the rest of the world.” 展开更多
关键词 U.s. consequences economy
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Perspective of World Economy and China's External Economic Environment
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作者 Tao Jian Chen Fengying Zhao Hongtu Zhang Yuncheng Jiang Yong Liang Jianwu Ni Jianjun Li Hongyan 《Contemporary International Relations》 2003年第12期31-63,共33页
Owing to a series of impacts of the "9·11 terrorist attack," the accounting scandals of big companies, Iraq War and the SARS crisis in the past two years, the world economy that might have rebounded for... Owing to a series of impacts of the "9·11 terrorist attack," the accounting scandals of big companies, Iraq War and the SARS crisis in the past two years, the world economy that might have rebounded forcefully has been on a wavering process of slow recovery. 展开更多
关键词 of As for Perspective of World economy and China’s External Economic Environment that been THAN World into HAVE WILL
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How China's young economists see the country's economy
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作者 金碚 李钢 梁泳梅 《China Economist》 2009年第5期106-112,共7页
The Institute of Industrial Economics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and China Business Journal jointly conducted an online survey on the thinking and research of China’s young economists on the country’s... The Institute of Industrial Economics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and China Business Journal jointly conducted an online survey on the thinking and research of China’s young economists on the country’s economic issues. The survey lasted from June 17 to June 26,2009. 展开更多
关键词 In rate How China’s young economists see the country’s economy WILL than
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China's Economy Approaching the World Economic Track
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作者 Liu Rixin Research-fellow of Economic Research Centre of State Planning Commission 《China's Foreign Trade》 1994年第6期3-5,共3页
The year 1993 was the fifteenth of China’s reform and opening to the outside. Its economy sustained double digit growth for two years running. Last year, domestic GNP was RMB3,138 billion, a 13.4 percent increase com... The year 1993 was the fifteenth of China’s reform and opening to the outside. Its economy sustained double digit growth for two years running. Last year, domestic GNP was RMB3,138 billion, a 13.4 percent increase compared with the previous year’s 13.2 percent. 展开更多
关键词 World China’s economy Approaching the World Economic Track will GNP
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Special Economic Zones——New growth points in China's economy
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作者 Sun ZhijieSEZ Office of the State Council 《China's Foreign Trade》 1996年第11期10-11,共2页
It was approved by the State Council in1984 to establish economic andtechnological development zones in 14coastal port cities to function as windows forthose cities to attract foreign investment,introduce advanced tec... It was approved by the State Council in1984 to establish economic andtechnological development zones in 14coastal port cities to function as windows forthose cities to attract foreign investment,introduce advanced technology andmanagement methods and expand the export-oriented economy. Since 1992, 18 otherdevelopment zones have been approved bythe Council, increasing the number of suchzones to 32. 展开更多
关键词 Us New growth points in China’s economy special Economic Zones
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Coordinated development of Yunnan's frontier culture and economy under the regional economic integration pattern
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作者 WAN Yu-ying 《Ecological Economy》 2017年第2期165-171,共7页
This paper constructs the index system by means of quantitative analysis. We choose the coordination degree of Yunnan province from 2012 to 2015. The regional cultural and economic development in Yunnan's frontier... This paper constructs the index system by means of quantitative analysis. We choose the coordination degree of Yunnan province from 2012 to 2015. The regional cultural and economic development in Yunnan's frontier are analyzed so that we can provide the reference for the sustainable development of Yunnan's frontier and realize the coordinated development of culture in Yunnan's frontier and economic system in order. The results show that the culture and economy in Yunnan's frontier are coupled with formation of the coordinated development of culture and economy; economic development is the main reason to promote the coordinated development of culture and economy in Yunnan's frontier, and it contributes to the main force of improving the coordinated development of evolution types; the coordinated development degree of the overall level is low and still in the China's backward level. 展开更多
关键词 regional economic integration culture and economy coordinated development Yunnan’s frontier
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Policy Towards Gender Equality in Employment in a Globalizing Economy——An outline of the analysis report on the impacts of China's economic reform on women employment 被引量:1
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作者 Li Huijing 《浙江经济》 1995年第3期6-9,共4页
1.This study is one of The Applied Economic Institutes Linkages Project(AERIL)which is funded by theCanadian International Development Agency(CIDA)and jiontly managed by The Conference Board of Canada(CBOC)and the Int... 1.This study is one of The Applied Economic Institutes Linkages Project(AERIL)which is funded by theCanadian International Development Agency(CIDA)and jiontly managed by The Conference Board of Canada(CBOC)and the International Trade Research Institute in China.It is jointly implemented by the Institute ofEconomic Research of the Chinese State Planning Commission and the North—South Institute of Canada。 展开更多
关键词 An outline of the analysis report on the impacts of China’s economic reform on women employment Policy Towards Gender Equality in Employment in a Globalizing economy
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China’s Potential Economic Growths during 2015-2025 under Different Scenarios~ 被引量:1
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作者 李平 娄峰 《China Economist》 2015年第2期82-99,共18页
China has entered a crucial period of further growth and restructuring that will last until 2025. Based on a review of the major factors affecting China's potential economic growth, this paper has created an integrat... China has entered a crucial period of further growth and restructuring that will last until 2025. Based on a review of the major factors affecting China's potential economic growth, this paper has created an integrated economic system model consisting of system dynamics, econometrics, and input-output for the forecast of China's economic size and structure by 2025. Analysis shows that prior to 2025, China will be able to maintain a potential annual economic growth rate of 5.7%-7.2%. Faced with an international environment of a possible slowdown of advanced economies and diminishing demographic dividends, China needs to further expedite its urbanization process, enhance R&D and education spending, increase total factor productivity (TFP), vigorously develop the tertiary sector, and expand consumption in order to achieve the optimistically estimated growth of 6.6%-7.4% during the period of 2015-2025. Economic growth should be accompanied by the upgrade of industry structure and improvement of investment and consumption structures. 展开更多
关键词 China's economy structural transition potential economic growth rate
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Measures and Strategic Conception of Japan to Deal with the Russia–Ukraine Crisis 被引量:1
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作者 Wang Shan 《Contemporary International Relations》 2022年第5期78-97,共20页
After the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, Japan wasted no time in advancing its national strategy and actively promoted shuttle diplomacy with the United States(U.S.), Europe, East Asia, and neighboring coun... After the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, Japan wasted no time in advancing its national strategy and actively promoted shuttle diplomacy with the United States(U.S.), Europe, East Asia, and neighboring countries of Ukraine around sanctions against Russia based on strategic considerations and the goal of maximizing national interests. Japan regarded this conflict as an important opportunity for an international strategic game, in an attempt to move and overturn the postwar international order and reconstruct the new global order with the U.S., Europe, and Japan as the core countries dominating the military, science and technology, and economic spheres. In response to the crisis, Japan made a brief policy adjustment—from the initial hesitation to the imposition of active sanctions and pressure on Russia—to reverse the passive situation on the issue of the Four Northern Islands and weaken Russia’s strength. Japan also took the opportunity to promote the “China threat theory”;strengthen the quadrilateral mechanism between the U.S., Japan, India, and Australia;provoke regional confrontation;and try to gain a new Cold War dividend. 展开更多
关键词 Kishida Cabinet russia–Ukraine crisis Japan–U.s.alliance Japan–russia relations
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How to Sustain the Rapid Growth of China's Economy 被引量:5
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作者 吴敬琏 《China Economist》 2008年第2期5-15,共11页
Can the rapid growth of China’s economy be sustained? How is it to be sustained? This has become a hot topic in recent years arousing worldwide attention. To understand the reason for this much talked about topic, we... Can the rapid growth of China’s economy be sustained? How is it to be sustained? This has become a hot topic in recent years arousing worldwide attention. To understand the reason for this much talked about topic, we have to look at the past 30 years of China’s development, and how it has become an important force in the world economy. Whether 展开更多
关键词 How to sustain the Rapid Growth of China’s economy
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On Russia' s Korean Peninsula Policy
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作者 Ji Zhiye Ji Zhiye is a Research Professor and Director of the Division for Euro-Asian Studies in CICIR. 《Contemporary International Relations》 2003年第3期30-41,共12页
The past two years have witnessed great fluctuations ininternational oil prices,and diplomatic efforts,both above andunder the table,by major powers around this issue.The currenttension in the war-threatened Iraq has ... The past two years have witnessed great fluctuations ininternational oil prices,and diplomatic efforts,both above andunder the table,by major powers around this issue.The currenttension in the war-threatened Iraq has added more uncertainties to thefuture world oil situation.Will the world oil supply and demand change?What impact would this exert on big powers’ oil strategy choices,geopolitics as well as world economy?What should China do in such asituation?To find the answers to these questions,at the invitation of theeditor of the Contemporary International Relations,seven experts fromChina Institute of Contemporary International Relations gathered to have adiscussion in early February this year.Naturally,they have differentviews over many issues.Still,we hope our readers would find theirdiscussion interesting.Following is the list of participants. 展开更多
关键词 that IT As into On russia s Korean Peninsula Policy of were
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The Function,Future and Support Elements of Farmer Cooperative Economy Organization
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作者 Jing GAO Peng XIE 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2014年第5期105-108,共4页
The nature of farmer cooperative economy organization( known as FCEO) determines the fact that the economic effects of farmer cooperative economy organization are as important as its social effects. Many experts,howev... The nature of farmer cooperative economy organization( known as FCEO) determines the fact that the economic effects of farmer cooperative economy organization are as important as its social effects. Many experts,however,now would only focus on its economic function, and either neglect or weaken its social influence. Therefore,this paper introduces the theoretical foundation of the farmer cooperative economy organization,and studies the nature of cooperative economics. Based on those typical cases,the future of cooperative organization and four supporting elements were put forward in this paper. 展开更多
关键词 FARMER COOPERATIVE economy ORGANIZATION Function s
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On Russia's Government Shakeup
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作者 张晓慧 《Contemporary International Relations》 1998年第5期13-23,共11页
On March 23,1998,Russian President Boris Yeltsin stunned the nation by dis-missing the government of Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin.Then henominated Mr.Sergei Kiriyenko,35,who had been OD the energy minister postf... On March 23,1998,Russian President Boris Yeltsin stunned the nation by dis-missing the government of Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin.Then henominated Mr.Sergei Kiriyenko,35,who had been OD the energy minister postfor only three months,for the new head of the cabinet.This immediately ignited afierce political war of a month long between the executive and the legislature draw-ing great concern from the international community.At the moment when 展开更多
关键词 On russias Government shakeup DOWN Us WILL
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Russia's Precious Metals Market: Condition and Prospects
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作者 KOTLYAR A.Yu. 《贵金属》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2012年第A01期287-287,共1页
The region of existence of phases in equilibrium with the solid solution based on palladium. Presented to analyze the current situation in the market of precious metals in Russia. Provides information about the produc... The region of existence of phases in equilibrium with the solid solution based on palladium. Presented to analyze the current situation in the market of precious metals in Russia. Provides information about the production and processing of precious metals. Prospects for the most likely path of development of the Russian market of precious metals. 展开更多
关键词 russias Precious Metals Market Condition and Prospects
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Russia's Third World Policy
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作者 Ji Zhiye 《Contemporary International Relations》 2001年第6期1-10,共10页
The status of the Third World in Russian foreign policy plummeted in the immediate post-Soviet years, during which Moscow pursued a "Look West" policy. When the design of the West to contain and weaken the c... The status of the Third World in Russian foreign policy plummeted in the immediate post-Soviet years, during which Moscow pursued a "Look West" policy. When the design of the West to contain and weaken the country came to light however, vigilance heightened in Moscow and timely foreign policy readjustments were under way by raising the weight of the Third World. 展开更多
关键词 World der russias Third World Policy TAss
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EU vs. U.S. , Russia and China
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作者 Feng Zhongping China Institute of Contemporary International Relations. 《Contemporary International Relations》 2002年第3期18-32,共15页
Since George W. Bush assumed the presidency in early 2001, a tense situation had occurred in the relationships among world big powers. In the aftermath of September 11,significant improvement has been made in Sino-U.S... Since George W. Bush assumed the presidency in early 2001, a tense situation had occurred in the relationships among world big powers. In the aftermath of September 11,significant improvement has been made in Sino-U.S. and Russia-U. S. relations. In the meantime, corresponding changes have taken place in EU-U. S.and Russia-China relations. 展开更多
关键词 EU vs russia and China U.s NATO
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The Indo-Pacific Strategy of the United States from Russia’s Strategic Perspective
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作者 Shang Yue 《Contemporary International Relations》 2021年第1期32-56,共25页
The Trump administration of the United States has accelerated the advancement of the‘‘open and free Indo-Pacific’,strategy since 2017.From a geopolitical point of view and in terms of its national interests,Russia ... The Trump administration of the United States has accelerated the advancement of the‘‘open and free Indo-Pacific’,strategy since 2017.From a geopolitical point of view and in terms of its national interests,Russia has generally been critical of this strategy,believing it has posed certain challenges to its“Pivot to the East”strategy.Meanwhile,Russia is rejoicing for not being the primary target of US containment in the region and has sensed a new opportunity for exercising its Asia-Pacific diplomacy in the context of the Indo-Pacific strategy.Based on this situation,Russia has made a flexible and pragmatic policy response to it.However,Russia will inevitably face many restraints.In the future,Russia will seek to maximize its strategic interests on the basis of adhering to its inherent principles of Asia-Pacific diplomacy. 展开更多
关键词 russia-Us relations Indo-Pacific strategy major-country relationship russias diplomacy
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Putin's Strategy of Integrating Russia into Europe and Its Prospect
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作者 Wang Lijiu Research Professor at the Division for Eurasian Studies, China Institute of Contemporary International Relations. 《Contemporary International Relations》 2003年第8期31-47,共17页
The establishment and rapid rise of the European Union (EU) have increasingly made Europe an independent force. Objectively, the enlargement of both the EU and NATO has speeded up the process of European integration, ... The establishment and rapid rise of the European Union (EU) have increasingly made Europe an independent force. Objectively, the enlargement of both the EU and NATO has speeded up the process of European integration, and "One important link of Russia’s diplomacy 展开更多
关键词 of In EU as it into Putin’s strategy of Integrating russia into Europe and Its Prospect that EU NATO have for
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The transformation of China's economic and government functions
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作者 ZHOU Yu-feng 《Chinese Business Review》 2010年第2期56-60,共5页
The content of China's economic transformation is not single, and this article argues that it includes three parts. The first is the reform of economic system, the second is the change in the pattern of economic grow... The content of China's economic transformation is not single, and this article argues that it includes three parts. The first is the reform of economic system, the second is the change in the pattern of economic growth, and the third is the adjustment of economic structure. Government is the leading force of China's economic transformation, and repeated reform of government institutions has brought about some changes to government functions. But problems are obvious that lag changes of government functions have become an obstacle in China's economic transformation. This article describes the historical evolution and the reality of China's economic transformation, and analyzes the main reasons of lag changes in government functions, and reveals that the transformation of government functions is the key for successful transformation of China's economy. 展开更多
关键词 TRANsFORMATION China's economy government functions
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