Phosphorite has become increasingly important as the raw material for phosphatic fertilizer. Phosphorite nodules are widespread in the Kursk complex deposit (Russian platform). Genesis of these nodules has long been a...Phosphorite has become increasingly important as the raw material for phosphatic fertilizer. Phosphorite nodules are widespread in the Kursk complex deposit (Russian platform). Genesis of these nodules has long been a matter of debate, and this has hampered understanding of the mechanism and controls in the formation of the nodules. In this paper, we report the petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical data of the Lebedinsky phosphorite nodules. Petrographic study reveals complex phosphatic cement resulting in the replacement of apatite minerals around quartz grains. The main mineral composition consists of quartz, phosphate minerals (apatite, francolite mainly), feldspar, iron hydroxides and carbonate minerals. These results, when combined with available data, are used to address the origin of the phosphorite nodules. The nodules are characterized by the universal presence of biogenic and chemical signatures which is phosphorus crown around crystal grains. The structure of the nodules is massive. Their texture is depicted by basaltic cement and concretion, which consists mainly of apatite and its varieties, with general formula: Ca_10 (PO_4, CO_3) 6(F,OH,Cl). Variation of mineralogy appears dependent on geological setting. Microscopic observations of biogenic fossils in Lebedinsky phosphorite favor a chemical and biogenic origin of phosphorites. Weathering has been suggested to be capable of liberating as much as 20 %-35 % P_2O_5 from sedimentary rocks. Previous investigations demonstrate that weathering of the Proterozoic substratum was the main cause in the formation of Fe, Mo, Mn, Pb, Zn, and P in the Russian platform. We therefore suggest that both weathering and biochemical processes have been positive in the formation of the Lebedinsky phosporite nodules. However, whether continental weathering or oceanic bio-chemical processes are more relevant in the phosphorite accumulation remains undetermined.展开更多
Reconstruction of characteristics of sedimentary environments of the Lower Paleozoic Sandstone (hereafter LPS) sequence in the northwestern Russian platform based on granulometric and texture analyses reveals high pal...Reconstruction of characteristics of sedimentary environments of the Lower Paleozoic Sandstone (hereafter LPS) sequence in the northwestern Russian platform based on granulometric and texture analyses reveals high paleohydrodynamic conditions of sedimentation which decrease to moderate in south-east direction. Determination of quantitative paleolithodynamic parameters showed that the real sedimentation duration was considerably less than the related stratigraphic scale interval that is evidence of long interrupt of sedimentation and re-deposition of the clastic material. Study of paleolithodynamics is significant both for reconstruction of the paleobasin history and assessment of mineral resources.展开更多
A detailed study of the mineral composition and microstructure of the black shales associated with OAE1 a （Eastern Russian Platform）, OAElb （Middle Caspian）, and the host rocks has been carried out using X-ray dif...A detailed study of the mineral composition and microstructure of the black shales associated with OAE1 a （Eastern Russian Platform）, OAElb （Middle Caspian）, and the host rocks has been carried out using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopic, and microprobe analyses. The results provide important constraints for depositional environments in the sedimentary basins. Black shales with pyrite framboids imply euxinic （sulfidic） conditions with increased organic matter preservation. Disintegrating framboids suggest partial or complete dissolution of the organic matter inside the framboids due to increasing water oxygenation. OAEla on the Eastern Russian Platform is heterogeneous as it includes thin interbeds of concretionary coccolith limestones within the interval of bituminous shales, and correlates with the Lower Aptian Rhagodiscus angustus nannofossil zone. The coccolith limestones indicate short intermittent episodes of interrupted stagnation, rapid oxygenation, and restoration of normal marine conditions. The presence of montmorillonite, albite, microcline, and diopside in the bituminous siltstones and in the host siltstones of OAEla on the Eastern Russian Platform, as well as a high content of titanium in the black siltstones correlated with OAEIb in the Middle Caspian allow proposing significant input of pyroclastic material into the extant sea.展开更多
The stratigraphic record shows a considerable decrease in ammonoid taxonomic diversity and distinct changes of ammonite shell morphology toward end of the Jurassic in the Central Russian Basin. By the end-Volgian, amm...The stratigraphic record shows a considerable decrease in ammonoid taxonomic diversity and distinct changes of ammonite shell morphology toward end of the Jurassic in the Central Russian Basin. By the end-Volgian, ammonites were represented by only two genera, belonging to a single family Craspeditidae, which differ markedly from previous ammonite families in their shell form. The end-Jurassic decrease in ammonoid biodiversity started in the mid-Volgian and is mainly correlated with shallowing of the shelf.展开更多
The results of the spectral-correlation analysis of the fluid-dynamic (radon and hydrogen) data monitoring obtained in the seismically active region—on Kamchatka and in conditions of Russian platform where compared t...The results of the spectral-correlation analysis of the fluid-dynamic (radon and hydrogen) data monitoring obtained in the seismically active region—on Kamchatka and in conditions of Russian platform where compared to the results of the laser-deformometer measurements obtained on Caucasus. It allowed identify spectral components of the measured parameters, first of all, in the area of the lunar-solar tides. This identification have demonstrated the identical reaction of the mountain and platform regions to the global geodeformation processes of the tidal level and have shown the possibility of the measuring parameters response to the catastrophic events preparation processes. Really the prognostic effects in the investigated fields where indicated in periods of preparation and realization of the catastrophic earthquakes in Indian Ocean on December, 26, 2004 and on March, 28, 2005.展开更多
文摘Phosphorite has become increasingly important as the raw material for phosphatic fertilizer. Phosphorite nodules are widespread in the Kursk complex deposit (Russian platform). Genesis of these nodules has long been a matter of debate, and this has hampered understanding of the mechanism and controls in the formation of the nodules. In this paper, we report the petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical data of the Lebedinsky phosphorite nodules. Petrographic study reveals complex phosphatic cement resulting in the replacement of apatite minerals around quartz grains. The main mineral composition consists of quartz, phosphate minerals (apatite, francolite mainly), feldspar, iron hydroxides and carbonate minerals. These results, when combined with available data, are used to address the origin of the phosphorite nodules. The nodules are characterized by the universal presence of biogenic and chemical signatures which is phosphorus crown around crystal grains. The structure of the nodules is massive. Their texture is depicted by basaltic cement and concretion, which consists mainly of apatite and its varieties, with general formula: Ca_10 (PO_4, CO_3) 6(F,OH,Cl). Variation of mineralogy appears dependent on geological setting. Microscopic observations of biogenic fossils in Lebedinsky phosphorite favor a chemical and biogenic origin of phosphorites. Weathering has been suggested to be capable of liberating as much as 20 %-35 % P_2O_5 from sedimentary rocks. Previous investigations demonstrate that weathering of the Proterozoic substratum was the main cause in the formation of Fe, Mo, Mn, Pb, Zn, and P in the Russian platform. We therefore suggest that both weathering and biochemical processes have been positive in the formation of the Lebedinsky phosporite nodules. However, whether continental weathering or oceanic bio-chemical processes are more relevant in the phosphorite accumulation remains undetermined.
文摘Reconstruction of characteristics of sedimentary environments of the Lower Paleozoic Sandstone (hereafter LPS) sequence in the northwestern Russian platform based on granulometric and texture analyses reveals high paleohydrodynamic conditions of sedimentation which decrease to moderate in south-east direction. Determination of quantitative paleolithodynamic parameters showed that the real sedimentation duration was considerably less than the related stratigraphic scale interval that is evidence of long interrupt of sedimentation and re-deposition of the clastic material. Study of paleolithodynamics is significant both for reconstruction of the paleobasin history and assessment of mineral resources.
基金a contribution to UNESCO-IUGS International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 609 "Climate-environmental deteriorations during greenhouse phases:Causes and consequences of short-term Cretaceous sea-level changes"(SZ)
文摘A detailed study of the mineral composition and microstructure of the black shales associated with OAE1 a （Eastern Russian Platform）, OAElb （Middle Caspian）, and the host rocks has been carried out using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopic, and microprobe analyses. The results provide important constraints for depositional environments in the sedimentary basins. Black shales with pyrite framboids imply euxinic （sulfidic） conditions with increased organic matter preservation. Disintegrating framboids suggest partial or complete dissolution of the organic matter inside the framboids due to increasing water oxygenation. OAEla on the Eastern Russian Platform is heterogeneous as it includes thin interbeds of concretionary coccolith limestones within the interval of bituminous shales, and correlates with the Lower Aptian Rhagodiscus angustus nannofossil zone. The coccolith limestones indicate short intermittent episodes of interrupted stagnation, rapid oxygenation, and restoration of normal marine conditions. The presence of montmorillonite, albite, microcline, and diopside in the bituminous siltstones and in the host siltstones of OAEla on the Eastern Russian Platform, as well as a high content of titanium in the black siltstones correlated with OAEIb in the Middle Caspian allow proposing significant input of pyroclastic material into the extant sea.
基金Supported by Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Origin of the Biosphere and the Evolution of Geo-biological Systems"
文摘The stratigraphic record shows a considerable decrease in ammonoid taxonomic diversity and distinct changes of ammonite shell morphology toward end of the Jurassic in the Central Russian Basin. By the end-Volgian, ammonites were represented by only two genera, belonging to a single family Craspeditidae, which differ markedly from previous ammonite families in their shell form. The end-Jurassic decrease in ammonoid biodiversity started in the mid-Volgian and is mainly correlated with shallowing of the shelf.
文摘The results of the spectral-correlation analysis of the fluid-dynamic (radon and hydrogen) data monitoring obtained in the seismically active region—on Kamchatka and in conditions of Russian platform where compared to the results of the laser-deformometer measurements obtained on Caucasus. It allowed identify spectral components of the measured parameters, first of all, in the area of the lunar-solar tides. This identification have demonstrated the identical reaction of the mountain and platform regions to the global geodeformation processes of the tidal level and have shown the possibility of the measuring parameters response to the catastrophic events preparation processes. Really the prognostic effects in the investigated fields where indicated in periods of preparation and realization of the catastrophic earthquakes in Indian Ocean on December, 26, 2004 and on March, 28, 2005.
