S&T Achievements of Newly Elected CAS Members (99-1)

Cui Erjie, an aerodynamicist. Born in Jinan, Shandong Province, in 1935. Cui has been working at Beijing Institute of Aerodynamics since his graduation from Beijing Aeronautical Institute in 1959. He plays a leading role in the field of unsteady aerodynamics for space vehicles in China and has made significant contribu-

S&T Achievements of CAS Members Elected in 2005 (1)

CHEN Hesheng, particle physicist, now serves as research professor at the Institute of High Energy Physics （IHEP）, CAS. He was born in Hubei Province in 1946 and graduated from the Department of Technical Physics at Peking University in 1970. In 1984, he obtained his Ph.D. degree of physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US. He is the director of the IHEP, president of the Chinese Society of High Energy Physics, and member of the International Committee for Future Accelerators.

S&T Achievements of Newly Elected CAS Members (99-2)

JIANG Youxu, anecologist. Jiang graduatedfrom the biology departmentof Peking (Beijing) Univer-sity in 1954, now is a pro-fessor and the honorary di-rector of the Research Insti-tute of Forest Ecology, En-vironment and Protection,the Chinese Academy ofForestry.

The Historic Achievements of the Communist Party of China in Respecting and Protecting Human Rights in the New Era

In the new era,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has made historic achievements in respecting and protecting human rights.Building upon the principle of the“two integrations”(integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and fine traditional culture),it has nurtured new theories on respecting and protecting human rights in the new era,which can address the fundamental questions of whom and what the human rights protection efforts in the new era are for.Guided by the principle of“taking our own path,”it has charted a distinct course for the development of human rights,diverging from the Western approach.The CPC has maintained the unity between Party leadership and the respect for and protection of human rights,promoting progress in human rights through the pursuit of“high-quality development,”and ensuring various fundamental rights of the people through the rule of law.Building upon the past experience,the CPC has established the“source”of the institutional framework for respecting and protecting human rights in the new era,crafted the“body”of this institutional framework,and introduced its practical“application.”In promoting the comprehensive advancement of human rights protection,the CPC has facilitated the connotative development of human rights protection in China,empowering China in international human rights discourse,and contributing Chinese strength and wisdom to global human rights governance.

Research on the Mechanism and Strategy of Equity Investment Driving the Transformation of New Material Innovation Achievements

Under the wave of global technological revolution,the new materials industry is facing difficulties in innovation and transformation.Equity investment has become a key driving force due to its flexible mechanism,risk sharing,and deep participation.Based on introducing the current development status of China’s new materials industry,this article reveals the mechanism of equity investment in financial support,risk management,incentive constraints,and resource integration.The article proposes optimization strategies,such as building an information-sharing mechanism and a diversified investment fund system,to promote the high-quality development of the new materials industry driven by innovation and provide strategic guidance for policymakers,investors,and enterprises.

基于ENTROPY-TOPSIS算法的电路实验课程综合成绩评定方法

针对高校实践教学成绩评定环节中存在的不足,该文将基于修正ENTROPY-TOPSIS算法应用到实验课程成绩评定当中,并推导了具体算法原理。同时将该算法与常用权值算法层次分析法以及CRITIC算法在电路实践成绩客观赋权过程中进行了横向对比。结果显示该方法可以为多源异构数据的科学赋权提供理论依据,有效消除因主观因素带来的不合理性,使教师在实验成绩的评定上更加趋向于客观化、科学化。

北京地区医疗机构科技成果转化的PEST-SWOT分析

目的 探讨医疗机构科技成果转化工作策略。方法 通过专利数据库、文献检索分析北京地区医疗机构近年来的专利及转化情况,结合政策文本进行PEST-SWOT分析。结果 北京地区医疗机构专利申请、授权增多,进行成果转化的优势和机会明显,也存在一定的劣势与威胁,转化率需要提升。结论 医疗机构应顺应政策要求,发挥资源优势,加强产业融合,提升成果价值和知识产权运营能力,完善转化机制。

中国省域科技成果转化效率评价及影响因素分析——基于超效率SBM-Malmquist-Tobit模型

[研究目的]提升省域科技成果转化效率,对提高国家科技发展水平和竞争力具有重要意义。[研究方法]以我国31个省(区、市)为研究对象,运用SBM-Malmquist模型对省域科技成果转化效率进行静态与动态分析,进一步结合Tobit回归模型分析科技成果转化效率的影响因素。[研究结论]我国省域科技成果转化效率整体表现良好,区域间呈现出“中部>东部>西部>东北部”的态势,且各区域之间差异较大。我国科技成果转化效率增长主要得益于技术进步,技术进步对科技成果转化效率的拉动作用抵消了技术效率变化和规模效率变化衰退的影响,市场需求和地区产业结构对科技成果转化效率具有显著正向作用,经济发展水平和财政支持对科技成果转化效率的影响不显著。推进我国科技成果转化效率的提高,仍需要从区域协同、投入产出结构优化、技术进步等方面发力。

基于SpringBoot的成果需求匹配系统设计与实现

在地方经济发展中,研究成果的转化起到至关重要的作用,提高研究成果的对接,帮助成果转化显得尤为重要。本系统基于SpringBoot框架作为后端底层开发,Vue框架实现前端页面设计。系统分为用户模块和管理员模块,其中用户模块又分为个人用户和企业用户,个人和企业可以在系统中发布自己的需求和成果,也可以查寻其他已分布的成果和需求,并且系统会根据需求成果内容的契合度进行智能匹配,作为参考结果。通过本成果需求匹配系统可以为个人和企业寻找到需要的资源,促进地方经济发展。

广东省科技成果转化效率测量与时空特征——基于DEA-Malmquist指数模型

为有效识别广东省科技成果转化的效率与时空特征,促进科技成果更好赋能经济社会高质量发展,运用DEA-Malmquist模型,测算广东省21个地级市在2010—2019年的科技成果转化效率。研究发现,2010年与2019年,全省整体科技成果转化综合效率未达到DEA有效,且2019年的综合效率更低;同时,全要素生产率指数普遍波动较大,各市历年全要素生产率指数差异普遍显著,其中技术进步是影响全要素生产率指数的主要指标。基于此,研究提出平衡研发与转化、推动“政产学研金用服”协同、实施差异化的成果转化战略和加强区域交流合作的政策建议。

基于SpringMVC及MyBatis的高校学术成果库设计与实现

针对华南师范大学学术成果库进行研究。简述了华南师范大学学术成果库的建设背景和目标,提出了成果库的总体设计、数据治理方案,阐述了关键技术SpringMVC和MyBatis,构建了成果库的功能体系架构,最后结合SpringMVC、MyBatis技术对成果库进行了开发实现。研究表明华南师范大学学术成果库的建设,解决了学术资源成果分散、数据不一致、教师反复填表等问题,为教师构建了全面完善的数据服务体系,在教学、科研、管理、服务等方面为学校提供了数据支持。同时也有效解决了目前成果库在国内发展现状中普遍存在的资源存储量偏低、资源更新速度慢、开放存取度不高、系统利用率低等问题。

International law obligations for the disposal of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water under the principles of nuclear safety

The disposal of contaminated water from Japan’s Fukushima nuclear power plant is a significant international nuclear safety issue with considerable cross-border implications.This matter requires compliance not only with the law of the sea but also with the principles of nuclear safety under international law.These principles serve as the overarching tenet of international and China’s domestic nuclear laws,applicable to nuclear facilities and activities.The principle of safety in nuclear activities is fully recognized in international and domestic laws,carrying broad legal binding force.Japan’s discharge of nuclear-contaminated water into the sea violates its obligations under the principle of safety in nuclear activities,including commitments to optimum protection,as low as reasonably practicable,and prevention.The Japanese government and the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)have breached the obligation of optimum protection by restricting the scope of assessments,substituting core concepts,and shielding dissenting views.In the absence of clear radiation standards,they have acted unilaterally without fulfilling the obligation as low as reasonably practicable principle.The discharge of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water poses an imminent and unpredictable risk to all countries worldwide,including Japanese residents.Japan and the IAEA should fulfill their obligations under international law regarding disposal,adhering to the principles of nuclear safety,including optimum protection,the obligation as low as reasonably practicable,and prevention through multilateral cooperation.Specifically,the obligation to provide optimum protection should be implemented by re-evaluating the most reliable disposal technologies and methods currently available and comprehensively assessing various options.The standard of the obligation as low as reasonably practicable requires that the minimization of negative impacts on human health,livelihoods,and the environment should not be subordinated to considerations of cutting costs and expenses.Multilateral cooperation should be promoted through the establishment of sound multilateral long-term monitoring mechanisms for the discharge of nuclear-contaminated water,notification and consultation obligations,and periodic assessments.These obligations under international law were fulfilled after the accidents at the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear power plants.The implications of the principles of nuclear safety align with the concept of building a community of shared future for nuclear safety advocated by China.In cases of violations of international law regarding the disposal of nuclear-contaminated water that jeopardize the concept of a community of a shared future for nuclear safety,China can also rely on its own strength to promote the implementation of due obligations through self-help.

Forecasting the Academic Performance by Leveraging Educational Data Mining

The study aims to recognize how efficiently Educational DataMining(EDM)integrates into Artificial Intelligence(AI)to develop skills for predicting students’performance.The study used a survey questionnaire and collected data from 300 undergraduate students of Al Neelain University.The first step’s initial population placements were created using Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO).Then,using adaptive feature space search,Educational Grey Wolf Optimization(EGWO)was employed to choose the optimal attribute combination.The second stage uses the SVMclassifier to forecast classification accuracy.Different classifiers were utilized to evaluate the performance of students.According to the results,it was revealed that AI could forecast the final grades of students with an accuracy rate of 97%on the test dataset.Furthermore,the present study showed that successful students could be selected by the Decision Tree model with an efficiency rate of 87.50%and could be categorized as having equal information ratio gain after the semester.While the random forest provided an accuracy of 28%.These findings indicate the higher accuracy rate in the results when these models were implemented on the data set which provides significantly accurate results as compared to a linear regression model with accuracy(12%).The study concluded that the methodology used in this study can prove to be helpful for students and teachers in upgrading academic performance,reducing chances of failure,and taking appropriate steps at the right time to raise the standards of education.The study also motivates academics to assess and discover EDM at several other universities.

Systematic and Theoretical Unfolding of Research on Xi Jinping’s Discourses on Respecting and Protecting Human Rights

Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protect-ing human rights stand as a shining example of the sinicization and modernization of Marxist human rights theory,embodying profound theoretical,political,practical,and cultural logic.Existing research has conducted comprehensive and systematic theoretical analysis and academic extractions on the following contents:the core essence in-herent in these important discourses,including the“theory of human rights concepts,”the“theory of human rights paths,”the“theory of human rights practices,”the“theory of human rights protection,”and the“theory of human rights governance,”along with their profound theoretical significance,practical significance,and global signifi-cance.In the future,researchers should emphasize efforts on studying the original texts and understanding the original principles.While focusing on the precision of concepts,the scientific nature of the prop-ositions,the maturity of theoretical systems,and the rigor of internal logic related to Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights,researchers should also pay attention to constructing a discourse system on human rights from the dimensions of discourse power,discourse cluster,and discourse field.Researchers should be adept at drawing innovative insights into human rights theory from China’s vibrant human rights practices and the vast masses of people.This approach will facilitate the systematic unfolding,academic trans-formation,and innovative development of Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights.

Optimization Analysis of Comprehensive Budget Management from the Perspective of Digital Restructuring:Taking a Water Company as an Example

This article takes water enterprises as the research object,exploring the organic combination of comprehensive budget management under the trend of digitalization and digital technology in the new era,as well as the process of management system reform.Introduce the current status of its budget management work,comprehensively analyze the architecture and operation mode of the current comprehensive budget management system of water enterprises,and evaluate and analyze the overall situation and shortcomings of its budget management system based on financial data such as budget formulation and execution.From the perspective of digital restructuring and upgrading of comprehensive budget management work,corresponding countermeasures are proposed to make up for the shortcomings and suggestions for the future development of the enterprise’s comprehensive budget.

美国研究型大学科技成果的所有权归属研究——基于MIT、Stanford、UPenn等10所大学的实证分析

科技成果的所有权是否清晰明确,直接关系到其转化效果。《拜杜法案》和辅助法案明确了美国大学拥有联邦资助科技成果的所有权,美国大学因此形成了成熟的科技成果所有权归属体系和转化机构。通过对MIT、Stanford、UPenn等10所美国研究型大学的实证分析,总结其所有权归属的具体实施和特点,并将其分为职务科技成果、非职务科技成果和其他类型。实证结果表明,通过优化政策制定、提升大学成果转化机构的运营能力、平衡大学与科研人员的收益关系,可以显著提升中国大学科技成果的转化效率和效果。

A Study on the Impact of Voice-to-Text Technology on Academic Achievement of the Hearing-Impaired

Hearing loss is a significant barrier to academic achievement,with hearing-impaired(HI)individuals often facing challenges in speech recognition,language development,and social interactions.Lip-reading,a crucial skill for HI individuals,is essential for effective communication and learning.However,the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the challenges faced by HI individuals,with the face masks hindering lip-reading.This literature review explores the relationship between hearing loss and academic achievement,highlighting the importance of lip-reading and the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)techniques in mitigating these challenges.The introduction of Voice-to-Text(VtT)technology,which provides real-time text captions,can significantly improve speech recognition and academic performance for HI students.AI models,such as Hidden Markov models and Transformer models,can enhance the accuracy and robustness of VtT technology in diverse educational settings.Furthermore,VtT technology can facilitate better teacher-student interactions,provide transcripts of lectures and classroom discussions,and bridge the gap in standardized testing performance between HI and hearing students.While challenges and limitations exist,the successful implementation of VtT technology can promote inclusive education and enhance academic achievement.Future research directions include popularizing VtT technology,addressing technological barriers,and customizing VtT systems to cater to individual needs.

The Insights and Influence of the Sydney Accord on the Teaching Reform of Vocational Education in China: A Case Study of Professional Curriculum Achievement Evaluation

Scientific curriculum evaluation methods are critical for achieving talent training objectives.The Sydney Accord,one of the three major engineering education certification agreements,focuses on the training of“engineering technologists.”Its logical system and three core principles align well with the connotation development of professional construction in China’s higher vocational colleges,offering significant insights for promoting reform and development in engineering education in Chinese colleges and universities.By incorporating the core principles,elements,and graduate quality defined in the Sydney Accord and focusing on the evaluation of curriculum achievement against“graduation requirements,”the quality of vocational education can be enhanced,making it an important direction for future teaching reforms in vocational education.

基于熵权-TOPSIS的大学科技城协同创新成果转化绩效评价与分析

协同创新成果转化是大学科技城可持续发展能力的重要体现。在梳理大学科技城协同创新成果转化的内在关系基础上,从成果转化环境、成果转化过程、成果转化效益以及大学科技城协同创新能力四个维度构建成果转化绩效评价指标体系,并运用熵权-TOPSIS法对2011—2021年岳麓山国家大学科技城协同创新成果转化绩效进行评价分析。研究结果显示,成果转化环境向好、成果转化效益增加是成果转化绩效逐年提升的主要原因,大学科技城协同创新能力不足是制约成果转化绩效进一步提升的关键因素。最后根据研究结论,提出了提升大学科技城协同创新成果转化绩效的建议。

韩国补课如何影响数学成绩?——基于TIMSS 2019数据的双层线性模型分析

韩国中小学生普遍补课,背后的关键假设是补课有利于提高学习成绩,但是补课和成绩的关系究竟如何,目前尚无定论。此外,补课的作用可能因条件而异,有必要更加细致地考察补课对不同群体的作用。本研究基于“国际大型数学与科学趋势研究”(TIMSS)2019八年级测评数据,采用双层次线性模型进行分析,发现韩国八年级学生补课时间越长,数学成绩就越好。在此基础上,如果学生所在学校平均补课时间长,学生成绩将额外增加;这种作用可被该校学生的整体家境组成所部分解释。学生补课时长与成绩的关系既不因学校而异,也不因其学业水平的高低而异;但是学生家庭经济与文化资本越薄弱,补课久与成绩提升的关系越大。本研究还发现,校内数学教师的教学水平能够在一定程度上中和补课与成绩的关系,但是这种作用比较有限。韩国已然形成补课主导的教育生态,补课对成绩有顽强的预测力,其背后反映的是学生与家长在学业竞争中胜出的需求无法在公办教育中得到满足;反过来,韩国的补课市场提供了更加多元化、个性化的教育。