BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that scorpion venom heat-resistant protein （SVHRP） exhibits protective effects on primary cultured hippocampal neurons. OBJECTIVE： To determine the effects of SVHRP on astrocyte acti...BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that scorpion venom heat-resistant protein （SVHRP） exhibits protective effects on primary cultured hippocampal neurons. OBJECTIVE： To determine the effects of SVHRP on astrocyte activity and synaptic density in the hippocampus induced by amyloid β peptide 1-40 （Aβ1-40） neurotoxicity. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory, the Laboratory of Human Anatomy, and the Laboratory of Physiology, in Dalian Medical University between March 2006 and June 2008. MATERIALS： Aβ1-40 was provided by Biosource, USA; SVHRP was a patented biological product of Dalian Medical University （No. ZL01 1 06166.9）. METHODS： A total of 27 healthy, 2-month-old, male SD rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups： control, Aβ, and SVHRP, with 9 rats in each group. Alzheimer＇s disease was simulated with 10 μg Aβ1-40 bilaterally injected into the hippocampus of the Aβ and SVHRP groups. The control group was injected with 2 μL 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid. One day following model establishment, the SVHRP group received an intraperitoneal injection of 2 μg/100 g SVHRP, while the control group and Aβ group received 0.5 mL/100 g tri-distilled water, once per day, for 10 consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 16 days following model establishment, synaptophysin （p38） expression in CA1-CA4 regions of the rat hippocampus was determined by immunohistochemistry. Glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） expression surrounding the hippocampal Aβ1-40 injected area was also detected. At 11 days following model establishment, escape latency, swimming time, and distance to target quadrant were measured using the Morris water maze. RESULTS： Compared with the control group, the Aβ group exhibited notably reduced p38 expression （P 〈 0.05） and notably increased GFAP expression in the rat hippocampus （P 〈 0.05）. Water maze results demonstrated that escape latency was prolonged （P 〈 0.05）, and swimming time and distance to the target quadrant were shortened in the Aβ group. Compared with the Aβ group, the SVHRP group exhibited notably increased p38 expression （P 〈 0.05） and notably decreased GFAP expression in the rat hippocampus （P 〈 0.05）. Water maze results demonstrated that escape latency was significantly reduced （P 〈 0.05）, and swimming time and distance to the target quadrant were significantly prolonged. CONCLUSION： SVHRP inhibited exogenous Aβ1-40-induced astrocyte activation and synaptic density decline in the rat hippocampus. Place navigation and spatial searching results showed that SVHRP blocked Aβ1-40-induced impaired learning and memory.展开更多
A series of （S）-2-ethoxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid derivatives were synthesized and their insulin-sensitizing activities were evaluated in 3T3-L1 cells. Compounds 1b, 1d, 1e and 1f exhibited more potent insulin-sensiti...A series of （S）-2-ethoxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid derivatives were synthesized and their insulin-sensitizing activities were evaluated in 3T3-L1 cells. Compounds 1b, 1d, 1e and 1f exhibited more potent insulin-sensitizing activity than rosiglitazone.展开更多
Mercury（Hg） is among the most concerned contaminants in the world. It has three major chemical forms in the environment, including Hg0, Hg2＋, and methylmercury（MeHg）. Due to their differences in toxicity, mobilit...Mercury（Hg） is among the most concerned contaminants in the world. It has three major chemical forms in the environment, including Hg0, Hg2＋, and methylmercury（MeHg）. Due to their differences in toxicity, mobility, and bioavailability, speciation analysis is critical for understanding Hg cycling and fate in the environment. SnCl2 reduction-atomic fluorescence spectrometry detection is the most commonly used method for analyzing inorganic Hg. However, it should be noted that MeHg may also be reduced by SnCl2, which would result in the overestimation of inorganic Hg. In this study, the reduction of MeHg by SnCl2 in both de-ionized（DI） water and four natural waters was investigated. The results showed that MeHg could be reduced by SnCl2 in DI water whereas this reaction was hard to occur in tested natural waters. By investigating the effects of water chemical characteristics（dissolved organic matter, pH and common anions and cations） on this reaction, SO42- was identified to be the dominant factor prohibiting SnCl2 induced MeHg reduction in natural waters. SO2-4 in natural waters was evidenced to be reduced to S2- by SnCl2 and the generated S2-can complex with MeHg to form MeHg S-which is hard to be reduced by SnCl2.Findings of this study indicate that the effect of MeHg reduction by SnCl2 on inorganic Hg analysis is negligible in natural waters; however, at simulated experimental systems without SO42-, SO42- should be added as protecting agents to prevent MeHg reduction when analyzing inorganic Hg if it would not cause any other unwanted effects.展开更多
The Hani terrace paddyfield in Yunnan Province,China is categorized as a‘constructed wetland’under the Lamsar Convention classification.The Hani terrace paddyfield ranges from an altitude of 144 to 2000 m above sea ...The Hani terrace paddyfield in Yunnan Province,China is categorized as a‘constructed wetland’under the Lamsar Convention classification.The Hani terrace paddyfield ranges from an altitude of 144 to 2000 m above sea level(ASL)in the southern slopes of the Ailao Mountains,angling down at a range of 15°to 75°.In this study,we investigated the ecosystem of the terrace paddyfields in the Mengpin and Quanfuzhuang administrative villages located at the center of the cultural heritage conservation district in the Hani terrace paddy-field.The Hani terrace paddyfield ecosystem structure is"forest-village-terrace paddyfield-river"in the order of descending altitude.Soil and water samples were sequen-tially taken from forests,villages and the terrace paddy-fields to be able to study the vertical characteristics of Hani’s terrace paddyfields.PO_(4)-P and NH_(3)-N in water were measured to test for water contamination.Seven soil nutrient factors were tested,including organic material(OM),char and nitrogen ratio(C/N),pH,total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),and available potassium(AK).Soil quality was also eval-uated using the characteristics of the soil nutrient factors.Vertical changes in the landscape,wetland types,wetland plants,hydrology and soil nutrients were characterized.Results showed that:(1)Hani’s terrace paddyfield can be divided into five types of wetlands;the rice varieties and cultivation patterns vary in each type of wetland.(2)Hani’s terrace paddyfield has a great capacity for water conservation and a strong ability to purify contaminants.The impoundage of Hani’s terrace paddyfield is about 5050 m^(3)/hm^(2).Contaminants in the terrace paddyfield soils decrease exponentially with the decline in altitude.(3)Comparison of soil quality in five different land use types indicates decreasing soil quality from forest to terrace land to terrace paddyfield to water source.Except for headwater soil,single factors such as OM,TN and TP,and the comprehensive soil quality in individual sampling zones tend to increase with altitude elevation.Comprehensive soil quality in the Quanfuzhuang sampling zone is better than in the Mengpin sampling zone.Finally,a comparison of Hani’s terrace paddyfield with plain paddyfields and natural wetlands highlighted the vertical characteristics of Hani’s terrace paddyfield.展开更多
目的:探讨通窍活血汤对外伤后水瘀互结型脑积水患者血清神经生化标志物及脑脊液p73,p38表达和认知功能的影响。方法:选取新乡医学院第一附属医院就诊并诊断为外伤后脑积水患者74例,按照随机数字表法分为两组,对照组(37例)给予常规对症...目的:探讨通窍活血汤对外伤后水瘀互结型脑积水患者血清神经生化标志物及脑脊液p73,p38表达和认知功能的影响。方法:选取新乡医学院第一附属医院就诊并诊断为外伤后脑积水患者74例,按照随机数字表法分为两组,对照组(37例)给予常规对症及支持治疗,观察组(37例)在对照组基础上予通窍活血汤治疗,观察并记录两组患者治疗前后人脑髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelin basic protein,MBP),中枢神经特异蛋白(Protein S100β),神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specificenolase,NSE)水平,脑脊液p73,p38水平,术前简易精神状态评价量表(minimum mental state examination,MMSE),格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow coma scale,GCS),同时对比临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果:对照组治疗有效率低于观察组(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,两组治疗后血清MBP,S100β,NSE水平均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后患者的脑脊液p73,p38蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后患者的MMSE,GCS评分均升高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:通窍活血汤能有效改善患者临床症状,可能与其降低外伤后水瘀互结型脑积水患者血清MBP,S-100β,NSE水平,提高脑脊液p73,p38蛋白表达水平有关。展开更多
基金Supported by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30770737
文摘BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that scorpion venom heat-resistant protein （SVHRP） exhibits protective effects on primary cultured hippocampal neurons. OBJECTIVE： To determine the effects of SVHRP on astrocyte activity and synaptic density in the hippocampus induced by amyloid β peptide 1-40 （Aβ1-40） neurotoxicity. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory, the Laboratory of Human Anatomy, and the Laboratory of Physiology, in Dalian Medical University between March 2006 and June 2008. MATERIALS： Aβ1-40 was provided by Biosource, USA; SVHRP was a patented biological product of Dalian Medical University （No. ZL01 1 06166.9）. METHODS： A total of 27 healthy, 2-month-old, male SD rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups： control, Aβ, and SVHRP, with 9 rats in each group. Alzheimer＇s disease was simulated with 10 μg Aβ1-40 bilaterally injected into the hippocampus of the Aβ and SVHRP groups. The control group was injected with 2 μL 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid. One day following model establishment, the SVHRP group received an intraperitoneal injection of 2 μg/100 g SVHRP, while the control group and Aβ group received 0.5 mL/100 g tri-distilled water, once per day, for 10 consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 16 days following model establishment, synaptophysin （p38） expression in CA1-CA4 regions of the rat hippocampus was determined by immunohistochemistry. Glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） expression surrounding the hippocampal Aβ1-40 injected area was also detected. At 11 days following model establishment, escape latency, swimming time, and distance to target quadrant were measured using the Morris water maze. RESULTS： Compared with the control group, the Aβ group exhibited notably reduced p38 expression （P 〈 0.05） and notably increased GFAP expression in the rat hippocampus （P 〈 0.05）. Water maze results demonstrated that escape latency was prolonged （P 〈 0.05）, and swimming time and distance to the target quadrant were shortened in the Aβ group. Compared with the Aβ group, the SVHRP group exhibited notably increased p38 expression （P 〈 0.05） and notably decreased GFAP expression in the rat hippocampus （P 〈 0.05）. Water maze results demonstrated that escape latency was significantly reduced （P 〈 0.05）, and swimming time and distance to the target quadrant were significantly prolonged. CONCLUSION： SVHRP inhibited exogenous Aβ1-40-induced astrocyte activation and synaptic density decline in the rat hippocampus. Place navigation and spatial searching results showed that SVHRP blocked Aβ1-40-induced impaired learning and memory.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30500390） and the Science Foundation of the Hunan Education Department （No. 06B075）.
文摘A series of （S）-2-ethoxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid derivatives were synthesized and their insulin-sensitizing activities were evaluated in 3T3-L1 cells. Compounds 1b, 1d, 1e and 1f exhibited more potent insulin-sensitizing activity than rosiglitazone.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21377120,21577134)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.201762031)
文摘Mercury（Hg） is among the most concerned contaminants in the world. It has three major chemical forms in the environment, including Hg0, Hg2＋, and methylmercury（MeHg）. Due to their differences in toxicity, mobility, and bioavailability, speciation analysis is critical for understanding Hg cycling and fate in the environment. SnCl2 reduction-atomic fluorescence spectrometry detection is the most commonly used method for analyzing inorganic Hg. However, it should be noted that MeHg may also be reduced by SnCl2, which would result in the overestimation of inorganic Hg. In this study, the reduction of MeHg by SnCl2 in both de-ionized（DI） water and four natural waters was investigated. The results showed that MeHg could be reduced by SnCl2 in DI water whereas this reaction was hard to occur in tested natural waters. By investigating the effects of water chemical characteristics（dissolved organic matter, pH and common anions and cations） on this reaction, SO42- was identified to be the dominant factor prohibiting SnCl2 induced MeHg reduction in natural waters. SO2-4 in natural waters was evidenced to be reduced to S2- by SnCl2 and the generated S2-can complex with MeHg to form MeHg S-which is hard to be reduced by SnCl2.Findings of this study indicate that the effect of MeHg reduction by SnCl2 on inorganic Hg analysis is negligible in natural waters; however, at simulated experimental systems without SO42-, SO42- should be added as protecting agents to prevent MeHg reduction when analyzing inorganic Hg if it would not cause any other unwanted effects.
基金This paper was supported by the State Key Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2003CB415104).
文摘The Hani terrace paddyfield in Yunnan Province,China is categorized as a‘constructed wetland’under the Lamsar Convention classification.The Hani terrace paddyfield ranges from an altitude of 144 to 2000 m above sea level(ASL)in the southern slopes of the Ailao Mountains,angling down at a range of 15°to 75°.In this study,we investigated the ecosystem of the terrace paddyfields in the Mengpin and Quanfuzhuang administrative villages located at the center of the cultural heritage conservation district in the Hani terrace paddy-field.The Hani terrace paddyfield ecosystem structure is"forest-village-terrace paddyfield-river"in the order of descending altitude.Soil and water samples were sequen-tially taken from forests,villages and the terrace paddy-fields to be able to study the vertical characteristics of Hani’s terrace paddyfields.PO_(4)-P and NH_(3)-N in water were measured to test for water contamination.Seven soil nutrient factors were tested,including organic material(OM),char and nitrogen ratio(C/N),pH,total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),and available potassium(AK).Soil quality was also eval-uated using the characteristics of the soil nutrient factors.Vertical changes in the landscape,wetland types,wetland plants,hydrology and soil nutrients were characterized.Results showed that:(1)Hani’s terrace paddyfield can be divided into five types of wetlands;the rice varieties and cultivation patterns vary in each type of wetland.(2)Hani’s terrace paddyfield has a great capacity for water conservation and a strong ability to purify contaminants.The impoundage of Hani’s terrace paddyfield is about 5050 m^(3)/hm^(2).Contaminants in the terrace paddyfield soils decrease exponentially with the decline in altitude.(3)Comparison of soil quality in five different land use types indicates decreasing soil quality from forest to terrace land to terrace paddyfield to water source.Except for headwater soil,single factors such as OM,TN and TP,and the comprehensive soil quality in individual sampling zones tend to increase with altitude elevation.Comprehensive soil quality in the Quanfuzhuang sampling zone is better than in the Mengpin sampling zone.Finally,a comparison of Hani’s terrace paddyfield with plain paddyfields and natural wetlands highlighted the vertical characteristics of Hani’s terrace paddyfield.
文摘目的:探讨通窍活血汤对外伤后水瘀互结型脑积水患者血清神经生化标志物及脑脊液p73,p38表达和认知功能的影响。方法:选取新乡医学院第一附属医院就诊并诊断为外伤后脑积水患者74例,按照随机数字表法分为两组,对照组(37例)给予常规对症及支持治疗,观察组(37例)在对照组基础上予通窍活血汤治疗,观察并记录两组患者治疗前后人脑髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelin basic protein,MBP),中枢神经特异蛋白(Protein S100β),神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specificenolase,NSE)水平,脑脊液p73,p38水平,术前简易精神状态评价量表(minimum mental state examination,MMSE),格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow coma scale,GCS),同时对比临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果:对照组治疗有效率低于观察组(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,两组治疗后血清MBP,S100β,NSE水平均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后患者的脑脊液p73,p38蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后患者的MMSE,GCS评分均升高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:通窍活血汤能有效改善患者临床症状,可能与其降低外伤后水瘀互结型脑积水患者血清MBP,S-100β,NSE水平,提高脑脊液p73,p38蛋白表达水平有关。
