●AIM:To investigate the underlying mechanism of dry environment(autumn dryness)affecting the lacrimal glands in rats.●METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats were fed in spe...●AIM:To investigate the underlying mechanism of dry environment(autumn dryness)affecting the lacrimal glands in rats.●METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats were fed in specific pathogen free environment as the control group(n=10),and the rats fed in dry environment as the dryness group(n=10).After 24d,lacrimal glands were collected from the rats.The tissues morphology was observed by hematoxylineosin(HE)staining.Tandem mass tags(TMT)quantitative proteomics analysis technology was used to screen the differential expressed proteins of lacrimal glands between the two groups,then bioinformatics analysis was performed.Further,the immunohistochemical(IHC)method was used to verify the target proteins.●RESULTS:In dryness group,the lacrimal glands lobule atrophied,the glandular cavities enlarged,the sparse nuclear distribution and scattered inflammatory infiltration between the acinus were observed.The proteomics exhibited that a total of 195 up-regulated and 236 downregulated differential expressed proteins screened from the lacrimal glands of rats.It was indicated that the biological processes(BP)of differential expressed proteins mainly included cell processes and single BP.The cellular compositions of differential expressed proteins mainly located in cells,organelles.The molecular functions of differential expressed proteins mainly included binding,catalytic activity.Moreover,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that the differential expressed proteins mainly involved lysosome,complement and coagulation cascade,and ribosome pathway.The IHC result verified that the up-regulated expression proteins of Protein S100A9(S100A9),Annexin A1(Anxa1),and Clusterin(Clu)in lacrimal glands of rats in dryness group were higher than control group.●CONCLUSION:The up-regulated expression proteins of S100A9,Anxa1,and Clu may be the potential mechanisms of dry eye symptoms caused by dry environment.This study provides clues of dry environments causing eye-related diseases for further studies.展开更多
目的:研究钙防卫蛋白S100A9刺激体外星形胶质细胞后细胞外谷氨酸浓度变化及其对神经元影响和调控机制。方法:分离培养新生C57BL/6小鼠大脑皮层星形胶质细胞和神经元;Amplite荧光法检测星形胶质细胞培养上清谷氨酸浓度;Real time RT-PCR...目的:研究钙防卫蛋白S100A9刺激体外星形胶质细胞后细胞外谷氨酸浓度变化及其对神经元影响和调控机制。方法:分离培养新生C57BL/6小鼠大脑皮层星形胶质细胞和神经元;Amplite荧光法检测星形胶质细胞培养上清谷氨酸浓度;Real time RT-PCR和Western Blot分别检测星形胶质细胞谷氨酸转运体(GLT-1) mRNA和蛋白表达;Fluo-4荧光探针法检测星形胶质细胞胞内Ca^(2+)浓度;转录组测序并结合KEGG分析筛选星形胶质细胞谷氨酸浓度变化的调控机制;S100A9刺激星形胶质细胞的培养上清(CS)干预神经元后,末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记法(TUNEL)检测神经元凋亡,CCK-8试剂盒检测神经元存活。结果:S100A9刺激星形胶质细胞后细胞外谷氨酸浓度增加,GLT-1 mRNA和蛋白表达减少,细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度增加。差异表达基因KEGG富集在核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路、toll样受体(TLRs)信号通路和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)信号通路等。培养上清组神经元凋亡率高于对照组。结论:S100A9可能通过激活TLR4/NF-κB通路抑制GLT-1依赖的谷氨酸摄取和促进星形胶质细胞Ca^(2+)依赖的谷氨酸释放,上调细胞外谷氨酸水平,这可能进一步导致神经元损伤。展开更多
目的:S100钙结合蛋白A9(S100A9)激活核因子κB(NF-κB)促进小胶质细胞toll样受体7(TLR7)的表达和炎症因子释放的作用及其机制研究。方法:CCK-8实验检测BV2小胶质细胞的增殖率;转录组测序并结合GO分析、KEGG富集分析和STRING数据库对差...目的:S100钙结合蛋白A9(S100A9)激活核因子κB(NF-κB)促进小胶质细胞toll样受体7(TLR7)的表达和炎症因子释放的作用及其机制研究。方法:CCK-8实验检测BV2小胶质细胞的增殖率;转录组测序并结合GO分析、KEGG富集分析和STRING数据库对差异基因(DEGs)进行比对并从差异表达基因中筛选出目标基因;Real time RT-PCR验证TLR7的表达;免疫荧光染色检测CD68、CD206的表达;Western Blot检测CD68、CD206、TLR7、p65、p-p65的表达;ELISA检测白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达。结果:中等浓度的S100A9对小胶质细胞无增殖抑制效应;实验组CD68蛋白的表达水平较对照组明显增加,而CD206蛋白的表达水平明显下降,提示S100A9促进BV2小胶质细胞向促炎型激活;Toll样受体4(TLR4)的抑制剂TAK-242明显抑制S100A9刺激BV2小胶质细胞后TNF-α和IL-6的表达水平;TLR4/NF-κB通路激活促进TLR7蛋白表达。结论:中等浓度的S100A9可以促进小胶质细胞向促炎型极化,通过激活TLR4/NF-κB通路促进TLR7表达和包括TNF-α和IL-6在内的多种炎症因子的释放,S100A9具有明显的促炎作用。展开更多
By def inition, sepsis refers to a life threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to an infection[1]. More precisely, sepsis triggers a multifaceted response characterized by a simultaneous man...By def inition, sepsis refers to a life threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to an infection[1]. More precisely, sepsis triggers a multifaceted response characterized by a simultaneous manifestation of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory elements that disrupt mechanisms intended to maintain homeostasis. Initially, an overwhelming hyperinflammatory reaction ensues, resulting in tissue damage and organ dysfunction.展开更多
基金Supported by Regional Science Foundation Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82060827,No.82260891)The Key Discipline of Universities in the“14th Five-Year Plan”Autonomous Region-Traditional Chinese Medicine at Xinjiang Medical University.
文摘●AIM:To investigate the underlying mechanism of dry environment(autumn dryness)affecting the lacrimal glands in rats.●METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats were fed in specific pathogen free environment as the control group(n=10),and the rats fed in dry environment as the dryness group(n=10).After 24d,lacrimal glands were collected from the rats.The tissues morphology was observed by hematoxylineosin(HE)staining.Tandem mass tags(TMT)quantitative proteomics analysis technology was used to screen the differential expressed proteins of lacrimal glands between the two groups,then bioinformatics analysis was performed.Further,the immunohistochemical(IHC)method was used to verify the target proteins.●RESULTS:In dryness group,the lacrimal glands lobule atrophied,the glandular cavities enlarged,the sparse nuclear distribution and scattered inflammatory infiltration between the acinus were observed.The proteomics exhibited that a total of 195 up-regulated and 236 downregulated differential expressed proteins screened from the lacrimal glands of rats.It was indicated that the biological processes(BP)of differential expressed proteins mainly included cell processes and single BP.The cellular compositions of differential expressed proteins mainly located in cells,organelles.The molecular functions of differential expressed proteins mainly included binding,catalytic activity.Moreover,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that the differential expressed proteins mainly involved lysosome,complement and coagulation cascade,and ribosome pathway.The IHC result verified that the up-regulated expression proteins of Protein S100A9(S100A9),Annexin A1(Anxa1),and Clusterin(Clu)in lacrimal glands of rats in dryness group were higher than control group.●CONCLUSION:The up-regulated expression proteins of S100A9,Anxa1,and Clu may be the potential mechanisms of dry eye symptoms caused by dry environment.This study provides clues of dry environments causing eye-related diseases for further studies.
文摘目的:S100钙结合蛋白A9(S100A9)激活核因子κB(NF-κB)促进小胶质细胞toll样受体7(TLR7)的表达和炎症因子释放的作用及其机制研究。方法:CCK-8实验检测BV2小胶质细胞的增殖率;转录组测序并结合GO分析、KEGG富集分析和STRING数据库对差异基因(DEGs)进行比对并从差异表达基因中筛选出目标基因;Real time RT-PCR验证TLR7的表达;免疫荧光染色检测CD68、CD206的表达;Western Blot检测CD68、CD206、TLR7、p65、p-p65的表达;ELISA检测白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达。结果:中等浓度的S100A9对小胶质细胞无增殖抑制效应;实验组CD68蛋白的表达水平较对照组明显增加,而CD206蛋白的表达水平明显下降,提示S100A9促进BV2小胶质细胞向促炎型激活;Toll样受体4(TLR4)的抑制剂TAK-242明显抑制S100A9刺激BV2小胶质细胞后TNF-α和IL-6的表达水平;TLR4/NF-κB通路激活促进TLR7蛋白表达。结论:中等浓度的S100A9可以促进小胶质细胞向促炎型极化,通过激活TLR4/NF-κB通路促进TLR7表达和包括TNF-α和IL-6在内的多种炎症因子的释放,S100A9具有明显的促炎作用。
文摘By def inition, sepsis refers to a life threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to an infection[1]. More precisely, sepsis triggers a multifaceted response characterized by a simultaneous manifestation of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory elements that disrupt mechanisms intended to maintain homeostasis. Initially, an overwhelming hyperinflammatory reaction ensues, resulting in tissue damage and organ dysfunction.
