A novel type curve for estimating oil recovery factor of gas flooding

A novel type curve is presented for oil recovery factor prediction suitable for gas flooding by innovatively introducing the equivalent water-gas cut to replace the water cut,comprehensively considering the impact of three-phase flow(oil,gas,water),and deriving the theoretical equations of gas flooding type curve based on Tong’s type curve.The equivalent water-gas cut is the ratio of the cumulative underground volume of gas and water production to the total underground volume of produced fluids.Field production data and the numerical simulation results are used to demonstrate the feasibility of the new type curve and verify the accuracy of the prediction results with field cases.The new type curve is suitable for oil recovery factor prediction of both water flooding and gas flooding.When a reservoir has no gas injected or produced,the gas phase can be ignored and only the oil and water phases need to be considered,in this case,this gas flooding type curve returns to the Tong’s type curve,which can evaluate the oil recovery factor of water flooding.For reservoirs with equivalent water-gas cuts of 60%-80%,the regression method of the new type curve works well in predicting the oil recovery factor.For reservoirs with equivalent water-gas cuts higher than 80%,both the regression and assignment methods of the new type curve can accurately predict the oil recovery factor of gas flooding.

Finite Element Analysis of the Base

This paper describes the structure of the base,on which two working arms are installed simultaneously.To ensure structura safety,the fatigue failure analysis and statics analysis are finished using the finite element method.The calculation can make sure that the structure of the base meets the design standard,and the material can be reduced one grade.

Tunnel Engineering Construction Schedule Analysis and Management Based on Visual Simulation

The methodology of visual simulation for a tunnel engineering construction schedule is presented. Visualization of simulation model, calculation and result of construction schedule simulation is realized, and the construction simulation and the resource optimization of tunnel engineering are made. A risk analysis and a decision-making method of tunnel engineering construction schedule based on visual simulation are presented. Furthermore, using S curve theory and schedule management method, the real-time management and control method of tunnel engineering construction based on visual simulation is presented. The application to the tunnel engineering construction schedule analysis and management shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the method presented in this paper.

Structural Analysis and Improved Design of the Gearbox Casing of a Certain Type of Tracked Vehicle

Loads on a gearbox casing of a certain type of tracked vehicle were calculated according to the engine＇s full load characteristic curve and the worst load condition where the gearbox operated while the tracked vehicle was running, and then stiffness and strength of the casing were analyzed by means of Patran/Nastran software. After a- nalysis, it was found that the casing satisfied the Mises ＇ yield condition; however, the stress distribution was hetero- geneous, and stresses near the bearing saddle bores of the casing were higher while those in other regions were much less than the allowable stress. For this reason, thicknesses of the casing wall on bearing assembling holes needed in- creasing, while those in other places can decrease. After much structural improving and re-analysis, the optimal casing design was found, and its weight decreased by 5% ; the casing still satisfied the Mises yield criterion and the stress distribution was more homogeneous.

Rotating Squeezed Vacua as Time Machines

Squeezed quantum vacua seems to violate the averaged null energy conditions (ANEC’s), because they have a negative energy density. When treated as a perfect fluid, rapidly rotating Casimir plates will create vorticity in the vacuum bounded by them. The geometry resulting from an arbitrarily extended Casimir plates along their axis of rotation is similar to van Stockum spacetime. We observe closed timelike curves (CTC’s) forming in the exterior of the system resulting from frame dragging. The exterior geometry of this system is similar to Kerr geometry, but because of violation of ANEC, the Cauchy horizon lies outside the system unlike Kerr blackholes, giving more emphasis on whether spacetime is multiply connected at the microscopic level.

Research on the horizontal curve's radius under coupling effects of uneven adhesion coefficient and crosswind

In order to study the effects of uneven adhesion coefficient and crosswind on alignment design indexes, a six-axle semi-trailer is selected as the typical vehicle model to investigate the effects of uneven adhesion coefficient caused by superelevation under the condition of rainfall on the truck＇s lateral stability, quantifying the crosswind using TruckSim. Based on the basic theory of vehicle dynamics, vehicle safety driving model is established. Also, the minimum radius is calculated with the consideration of uneven adhesion coefficient and crosswind. The results show that the effects of uneven adhesion coefficient and crosswind on the truck＇s lateral stability increase with the increasing of the truck＇s speed. Truck＇s lateral slide instability begins to appear when crosswind grade grows up to 9 or above. According to sensitive analysis, speed, rainfall, crosswind, and the interaction of the speed and rainfall have significant influences on the truck＇s lateral stability. The results quantify the effects of uneven adhesion coefficient and crosswind on truck＇s lateral stability. The advised index for horizontal curve design control is proposed, which provides a good reference for road safety design and safety protective measures. It can also provide theoretical basis and guidelines for highway safe operation in the windy and rainy areas.

Influence of Coal Gangue Aggregate Grading on Strength Properties of Concrete

This paper investigates the feasibility of using coal gangue as coarse and fine aggregates in concrete as well as how the coal gangue aggregate grading affects concrete properties. Nine mixed concrete samples were prepared with the value n in Fuller＇s curve ranged from 0.44 to 0.68. The coal gangue aggregate with n = 0.62 shows the highest density, water absorption, cylinder strength and the lowest voids. The results indicate that using coal gangue as coarse and fine aggregate in concrete is tech- nically feasible and useful. When n is 0.62, the values of the slump, 28-day compressive, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and elasticity modulus of coal gangue concrete reach the highest. The highest 7-day and 28-day compressive strength were 24 MPa and 37 MPa in mix CG7, respectively. It is possible to produce grade 30 coal gangue concrete with coal gangue coarse and fine aggregate.

Obtaining,structure,microstructure and dielectric characteristics of ceramics and thin films of ferro-piezoelectric materials based on the PZT system

This paper presents the results of studies of the structure,microstructure,dependences of the piezoelectric properties on the electric field(dielectric hysteresis loops,reversible nonlinearity,deformation characteristics)and dielectric properties of the ceramic material PCR-13(based on the PZT system)in the temperature range 300-900K and frequencies of an alternating electric field(25÷2·10^(6))Hz.The character of the obtained dependences made it possible to attribute PCR-13 to ferro-hard materials.Using the HF cathodic sputtering method,PCR-13 thin films were fabricated on Si(001)substrates.It is shown that they are polycrystalline textured,while in comparison with bulk material,the film contains tensile stresses of the unit cell in the plane of the substrate and compresses in the perpendicular direction with the valueε_(33)=-0.018.The capacitance-voltage characteristics of the Al/PCR-13/Si/Al heterostructure were studied.The reasons for the revealed patterns are discussed.