Background: Donated blood contaminated with S. Typhi can cause post-transfusion sepsis. This study aimed to determine the correlation between some risk factors of typhoid fever and seroprevalence of antibodies against...Background: Donated blood contaminated with S. Typhi can cause post-transfusion sepsis. This study aimed to determine the correlation between some risk factors of typhoid fever and seroprevalence of antibodies against S. Typhi among blood donors. Methodology: Following informed consent, socio-demographic and information on risk factors of typhoid infection was obtained using pre-structured questionnaires from 400 apparently healthy blood donors at the Tema General Hospital. Blood was also collected for serology and cultured for identification of pathogens by standard bacteriological method. Results: Blood culture did not reveal any S. Typhi isolate out of the tested 400 (348 males and 52 females) samples from apparently healthy blood donors. However, IgM and IgG antibody seroprevalence of 9.3% and 3.5% were detected. Age group of 17 - 24 years was the highest risk group, persons with a history of typhoid infection, and sources of drinking water were major risk factors for typhoid infection. It was also observed that prevalence of IgM was highest among new donors (62.2%), but lower in donors with a history of 1 to 3 blood donations (32.4%) and least among regular donors (>3 donations (5.4%)). In addition, typhoid prevention awareness and typhoid knowledge (knowledge about typhoid transmission) among the donors were poor (4.3% and 5.9% respectively). Conclusions: This study has shown an overall seroprevalence of 9% and 3.5% for IgM and IgG antibodies respectively among blood donors in the Tema area in Ghana. We advocate for the mandatory screening of donor units intended for transfusion for S. Typhi. Furthermore, there is an urgent need for the health education of all persons in Ghana on preventive measures and the spread of S. Typhi.展开更多
AIM To investigate the role of glutathione S-transferase T1 donor-specific T lymphocytes in plasma cell-rich rejection of liver allografts.METHODS The study group included 22 liver transplant patients. Among them, 18 ...AIM To investigate the role of glutathione S-transferase T1 donor-specific T lymphocytes in plasma cell-rich rejection of liver allografts.METHODS The study group included 22 liver transplant patients. Among them, 18 patients were mismatched for the glutathione S-transferase T1(GSTT1) alleles(don+/rec-), and 4 were matched(don+/rec+). Seven of the mismatched patients produced anti-GSTT1 antibodies and developed plasma cell-rich rejection(former de novo immune hepatitis). For the detection of specific Tlymphocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected and stored in liquid nitrogen. The memory T cell response was studied by adding to the cell cultures to a mix of 39 custom-made, 15-mer overlapping peptides, which covered the entire GSTT1 amino acid sequence. The specific cellular response to peptides was analyzed by flow cytometry using the markers CD8, CD4, IL-4 and IFNγ.RESULTS Activation of CD8^+ T cells with different peptides was observed exclusively in the group of patients with plasma-cell rich rejection(3 out of 7), with production of IL-4 and/or IFNγ at a rate of 1%-4.92% depending on the peptides. The CD4^+ response was most common and not exclusive for patients with the disease, where 5 out of 7 showed percentages of activated cells from 1.24% to 31.34%. Additionally, two patients without the disease but with the mismatch had cells that became stimulated with some peptides(1.45%-5.18%). Highly unexpected was the finding of a double positive CD4^+CD8^(low) T cell population that showed the highest degree of activation with some of the peptides in 7 patients with the mismatch, in 4 patients with plasma cell-rich rejection and in 3 patients without the disease. Unfortunately, CD4^+CD8^(low) cells represent 1% of the total number of lymphocytes, and stimulation could not be analyzed in 9 patients due to the low number of gated cells. Cells from the 4 patients included as controls did not show activation with any of the peptides. CONCLUSION Patients with GSTT1 mismatch can develop a specific T-cell response, but the potential role of this response in the pathogenesis of plasma cell-rich rejection is unknown.展开更多
Objective To summarize preservation measures of donor’s heart and lung,and postoperative imrnunotherapy,as well as clinical experience of discrimination and management for graft rejection. Methods Clinical data of 2 ...Objective To summarize preservation measures of donor’s heart and lung,and postoperative imrnunotherapy,as well as clinical experience of discrimination and management for graft rejection. Methods Clinical data of 2 cases of heart - lung transplantation in our depart-展开更多
Reactions of N,NA-diisopropyl-thiourea（abbreviated as L1） with CuC l2 and Cu Br2 afforded the trimeric（L1Cu Cl）3（1） and（L1Cu Br）3（2）, respectively, featuring the sulfur bridged Cu3S3 six-membered ring each a...Reactions of N,NA-diisopropyl-thiourea（abbreviated as L1） with CuC l2 and Cu Br2 afforded the trimeric（L1Cu Cl）3（1） and（L1Cu Br）3（2）, respectively, featuring the sulfur bridged Cu3S3 six-membered ring each as the core structure. During the reaction, Cu（Ⅱ） was reduced to Cu（I）. Similarly, the reactions of L1 with Cu Cl and Cu Br gave the same products as those by L1 with respective Cu Cl2 and Cu Br2. In contrast, treatment of 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazole-2（3H）-thione（L2） with Cu I led to the formation of sulfur and iodide mixed-bridged complex [（L2）4（Cu I）5]（3）, in which two co-vertice Cu3S2 I six-membered rings were fused by an iodide atom. Compounds obtained were characterized by 1H NMR and 13 C spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 2 belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 19.6009（10）, b = 11.5069（6）, c = 17.1744（9） A, β = 109.062（3）o, V = 3661.2（3） A3, C21H48Br3Cu3N6S3, Mr = 911.18, Z = 4, Dc = 1.653 Mg/m^3, μ（Mo Kα） = 5.192 mm–1, F（000） = 1824, S = 1.030, the final R = 0.0374 and w R = 0.0808 for 4988 observed reflections（I 2σ（I）） and R = 0.0726 and wR = 0.0916 for all data. 3·2THF belongs to the monoclinic system, space group I2/a with a = 19.7335（6）, b = 13.3544（4）, c = 29.6355（11） A, β = 105.415（2）o, V = 7528.9（4） A3, C52H96Cu5I5N8O2S4, Mr = 1945.81, Z = 4, Dc = 1.717 Mg/m^3, μ（Mo Kα） = 3.589 mm–1, F（000） = 3816, S = 1.034, the final R = 0.0325 and w R = 0.0810 for 5704 observed reflections（I 2σ（I）） and R = 0.0447 and wR = 0.0910 for all data.展开更多
"Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day;teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime".This proverb now becomes the slogan of China's international aid.This paper is based on my previous empi..."Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day;teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime".This proverb now becomes the slogan of China's international aid.This paper is based on my previous empirical studies on China's"donor logic"of aid.Rather than looking at the motives of Chinese aid and how it is challenging the Western ideas,this paper focuses on policy discourse and tries to seek the recent trends and knowledge transformations of China's international cooperation of education.展开更多
文摘Background: Donated blood contaminated with S. Typhi can cause post-transfusion sepsis. This study aimed to determine the correlation between some risk factors of typhoid fever and seroprevalence of antibodies against S. Typhi among blood donors. Methodology: Following informed consent, socio-demographic and information on risk factors of typhoid infection was obtained using pre-structured questionnaires from 400 apparently healthy blood donors at the Tema General Hospital. Blood was also collected for serology and cultured for identification of pathogens by standard bacteriological method. Results: Blood culture did not reveal any S. Typhi isolate out of the tested 400 (348 males and 52 females) samples from apparently healthy blood donors. However, IgM and IgG antibody seroprevalence of 9.3% and 3.5% were detected. Age group of 17 - 24 years was the highest risk group, persons with a history of typhoid infection, and sources of drinking water were major risk factors for typhoid infection. It was also observed that prevalence of IgM was highest among new donors (62.2%), but lower in donors with a history of 1 to 3 blood donations (32.4%) and least among regular donors (>3 donations (5.4%)). In addition, typhoid prevention awareness and typhoid knowledge (knowledge about typhoid transmission) among the donors were poor (4.3% and 5.9% respectively). Conclusions: This study has shown an overall seroprevalence of 9% and 3.5% for IgM and IgG antibodies respectively among blood donors in the Tema area in Ghana. We advocate for the mandatory screening of donor units intended for transfusion for S. Typhi. Furthermore, there is an urgent need for the health education of all persons in Ghana on preventive measures and the spread of S. Typhi.
文摘目的评价献血者HBsAg阳性血液标本在-20°C冻存8年后ELISA法HBsAg检测的结果,评估血站目前留样保存方式的有效性。方法收集本站2014年5月—2015年3月100份经HBsAg ELISA检测阳性的献血者血浆标本,冻存在-20°C冰箱,于2023年解冻标本并通过同种方法再次检测。结果100份血浆标本的HBsAg再检定性结果均为阳性,再检符合率100%,冻存后S/CO值降低明显(27.52 vs 19.03,P<0.05)。结论长期冻存会使HBsAg ELISA检测S/CO值下降,但不影响阳性定性结果。
基金Supported by The Spanish Ministry of Economy,Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Nos.10/2332 and 11/857the Andalusian government,No.PI-0332-2007,for which Martinez-Bravo MJ was a pre-doctoral fellow
文摘AIM To investigate the role of glutathione S-transferase T1 donor-specific T lymphocytes in plasma cell-rich rejection of liver allografts.METHODS The study group included 22 liver transplant patients. Among them, 18 patients were mismatched for the glutathione S-transferase T1(GSTT1) alleles(don+/rec-), and 4 were matched(don+/rec+). Seven of the mismatched patients produced anti-GSTT1 antibodies and developed plasma cell-rich rejection(former de novo immune hepatitis). For the detection of specific Tlymphocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected and stored in liquid nitrogen. The memory T cell response was studied by adding to the cell cultures to a mix of 39 custom-made, 15-mer overlapping peptides, which covered the entire GSTT1 amino acid sequence. The specific cellular response to peptides was analyzed by flow cytometry using the markers CD8, CD4, IL-4 and IFNγ.RESULTS Activation of CD8^+ T cells with different peptides was observed exclusively in the group of patients with plasma-cell rich rejection(3 out of 7), with production of IL-4 and/or IFNγ at a rate of 1%-4.92% depending on the peptides. The CD4^+ response was most common and not exclusive for patients with the disease, where 5 out of 7 showed percentages of activated cells from 1.24% to 31.34%. Additionally, two patients without the disease but with the mismatch had cells that became stimulated with some peptides(1.45%-5.18%). Highly unexpected was the finding of a double positive CD4^+CD8^(low) T cell population that showed the highest degree of activation with some of the peptides in 7 patients with the mismatch, in 4 patients with plasma cell-rich rejection and in 3 patients without the disease. Unfortunately, CD4^+CD8^(low) cells represent 1% of the total number of lymphocytes, and stimulation could not be analyzed in 9 patients due to the low number of gated cells. Cells from the 4 patients included as controls did not show activation with any of the peptides. CONCLUSION Patients with GSTT1 mismatch can develop a specific T-cell response, but the potential role of this response in the pathogenesis of plasma cell-rich rejection is unknown.
文摘Objective To summarize preservation measures of donor’s heart and lung,and postoperative imrnunotherapy,as well as clinical experience of discrimination and management for graft rejection. Methods Clinical data of 2 cases of heart - lung transplantation in our depart-
基金supported by the Research Fund for Teachers of Central South University(2013JSJJ007)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hunan Province(2013FJ2003)
文摘Reactions of N,NA-diisopropyl-thiourea（abbreviated as L1） with CuC l2 and Cu Br2 afforded the trimeric（L1Cu Cl）3（1） and（L1Cu Br）3（2）, respectively, featuring the sulfur bridged Cu3S3 six-membered ring each as the core structure. During the reaction, Cu（Ⅱ） was reduced to Cu（I）. Similarly, the reactions of L1 with Cu Cl and Cu Br gave the same products as those by L1 with respective Cu Cl2 and Cu Br2. In contrast, treatment of 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazole-2（3H）-thione（L2） with Cu I led to the formation of sulfur and iodide mixed-bridged complex [（L2）4（Cu I）5]（3）, in which two co-vertice Cu3S2 I six-membered rings were fused by an iodide atom. Compounds obtained were characterized by 1H NMR and 13 C spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 2 belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 19.6009（10）, b = 11.5069（6）, c = 17.1744（9） A, β = 109.062（3）o, V = 3661.2（3） A3, C21H48Br3Cu3N6S3, Mr = 911.18, Z = 4, Dc = 1.653 Mg/m^3, μ（Mo Kα） = 5.192 mm–1, F（000） = 1824, S = 1.030, the final R = 0.0374 and w R = 0.0808 for 4988 observed reflections（I 2σ（I）） and R = 0.0726 and wR = 0.0916 for all data. 3·2THF belongs to the monoclinic system, space group I2/a with a = 19.7335（6）, b = 13.3544（4）, c = 29.6355（11） A, β = 105.415（2）o, V = 7528.9（4） A3, C52H96Cu5I5N8O2S4, Mr = 1945.81, Z = 4, Dc = 1.717 Mg/m^3, μ（Mo Kα） = 3.589 mm–1, F（000） = 3816, S = 1.034, the final R = 0.0325 and w R = 0.0810 for 5704 observed reflections（I 2σ（I）） and R = 0.0447 and wR = 0.0910 for all data.
文摘"Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day;teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime".This proverb now becomes the slogan of China's international aid.This paper is based on my previous empirical studies on China's"donor logic"of aid.Rather than looking at the motives of Chinese aid and how it is challenging the Western ideas,this paper focuses on policy discourse and tries to seek the recent trends and knowledge transformations of China's international cooperation of education.
