Application of sparse S transform network with knowledge distillation in seismic attenuation delineation

Time-frequency analysis is a successfully used tool for analyzing the local features of seismic data.However,it suffers from several inevitable limitations,such as the restricted time-frequency resolution,the difficulty in selecting parameters,and the low computational efficiency.Inspired by deep learning,we suggest a deep learning-based workflow for seismic time-frequency analysis.The sparse S transform network(SSTNet)is first built to map the relationship between synthetic traces and sparse S transform spectra,which can be easily pre-trained by using synthetic traces and training labels.Next,we introduce knowledge distillation(KD)based transfer learning to re-train SSTNet by using a field data set without training labels,which is named the sparse S transform network with knowledge distillation(KD-SSTNet).In this way,we can effectively calculate the sparse time-frequency spectra of field data and avoid the use of field training labels.To test the availability of the suggested KD-SSTNet,we apply it to field data to estimate seismic attenuation for reservoir characterization and make detailed comparisons with the traditional time-frequency analysis methods.

基于ST-CNN的脉冲型地震动与脉冲周期融合识别方法

如何快速准确地识别脉冲型地震动是困扰学术界和工程界的关键难题,定量识别方法虽然能够克服人工识别的经验性限制,但是传统定量识别方法存在识别结果不一致、适用范围不广泛、难以同时识别脉冲周期或识别的脉冲周期部分情况下差异明显等问题。为此建立了一种问题针对性融合学习规则并结合卷积神经网络(CNN),开发出了一种新的脉冲型地震动与脉冲周期同步识别方法。该学习规则通过对基于不同识别原理的多个传统典型识别方法进行融合学习并采用全球范围的30000条任意方向地震动数据进行训练和验证,摒弃了以往繁琐的人工标记过程并得到了3个问题针对性识别模型,分别命名为Strict识别模型、General识别模型以及TP识别模型。除此之外,为解决地震动时序输入信息不足从而导致模型泛化能力较弱的问题,对CNN的输入结构进行了优化增强,提出了ST-CNN模型。其引入了S变换层以将地震动时序变换至时频,从而增加了频域分布信息并进一步提高了识别精度。结果表明:Strict识别模型能严格区分脉冲型与非脉冲型地震动,识别结果得到已有方法的一致认可;General识别模型的识别能力更强,适用范围更加广泛;TP识别模型识别的脉冲周期更加准确,并可与前述识别模型并用以同步输出识别结果。提出的问题针对性融合学习规则还可推广至其他工程领域与其他机器学习模型,建立的识别方法可为脉冲型地震动研究提供科学指导。

基于改进YOLOv5s的CNN-Swin Transformer森林野生动物图像目标检测算法

【目的】为提高野生动物在复杂森林环境中的检测精度,促进森林野生动物保护技术发展,提出一种基于YOLOv5s网络模型、针对陷阱相机所摄取森林野生动物图像的改进检测算法。【方法】以包含湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区几种典型森林野生动物在内的数据集为研究对象,首先,对真实标注框图像进行裁剪、归一化和缩放处理,随机将2~4张裁剪图像拼贴组成新的数据集元素,以丰富和增强数据集图像信息;其次,使用一种基于通道注意力思想的加权通道拼接方法,在通道拼接时引入权重改变通道数量,通过反向传播训练方法不断更新权重以增加重要特征信息的通道层数;接着,引入Swin Transformer模块与CNN网络相结合,为卷积神经网络特征提取加入自注意力机制,融合2种网络特征提取层的优势,提高特征提取的感受野;最后,选择更优的α-DIoU损失函数替代GIoU损失函数,针对边界框重叠面积和中心点距离造成的损失,引入新的几何因素惩罚项。【结果】在相同试验条件和数据集下,相比原YOLOv5s网络模型,改进算法极大提高检测的平均准确率和平均回归率,均值平均精度由74.1%提升至88.4%,获得14.3%的精度提升,同时也超过YOLOv3、YOLOXs、RetinaNet、Faster R-CNN等其他流行目标检测算法。【结论】针对陷阱相机所摄取森林野生动物图像背景与目标对比度低、遮挡重叠严重,致使检测误检率、漏检率高等问题,在检测算法中提出一系列改进措施,为我国森林野生动物的保护和数据获取提供一种新的可行性方案和思路。

May ChatGPT be a tool producing medical information for common inflammatory bowel disease patients’questions?An evidencecontrolled analysis

Artificial intelligence is increasingly entering everyday healthcare.Large language model(LLM)systems such as Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)have become potentially accessible to everyone,including patients with inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).However,significant ethical issues and pitfalls exist in innovative LLM tools.The hype generated by such systems may lead to unweighted patient trust in these systems.Therefore,it is necessary to understand whether LLMs(trendy ones,such as ChatGPT)can produce plausible medical information(MI)for patients.This review examined ChatGPT’s potential to provide MI regarding questions commonly addressed by patients with IBD to their gastroenterologists.From the review of the outputs provided by ChatGPT,this tool showed some attractive potential while having significant limitations in updating and detailing information and providing inaccurate information in some cases.Further studies and refinement of the ChatGPT,possibly aligning the outputs with the leading medical evidence provided by reliable databases,are needed.

基于Transformer改进YOLOv5的交通标志检测算法

交通标志检测作为自动驾驶的组成部分直接影响着行车安全。针对现有算法对图像中尺寸小、被遮挡的标志存在漏检、误检的问题,文中提出了基于改进YOLOv5的交通标志检测算法。首先对原模型注意力缺失的问题经过对比后构建了BiFormer-y,使模型可以更好获取长期依赖;接着针对层数较深造成的具有丢失特征的缺陷,利用残差结构重新设计检测层,从而更好地保留特征;最后对耦合头的空间错位问题引入解耦头并进行优化。CCTSDB2021的实验表明,精确率、召回率、mAP分别为97.0、95.9、97.9与先进工作相比具有明显优势。

基于滑动窗宽优化的LMSSGST识别非平稳信号瞬时频率

为提高非平稳响应信号瞬时频率的识别效果,提出基于滑动窗宽优化的局部最大同步挤压广义S变换(local maximum synchrosqueezing generalized S-transform,LMSSGST)。该方法首先对非平稳响应信号进行广义S变换获得相应的时频系数;其次,利用该响应信号的功率谱密度特征曲线确定局部最大同步挤压算子中滑动窗的宽度;再次,通过局部最大同步挤压算子进行时频重排;最后,采用模极大值改进算法提取瞬时频率曲线。通过两个数值算例、一个滑动窗宽参数分析和一个时变拉索试验验证了所提方法的有效性,研究结果表明:利用功率谱密度特征曲线能够有效确定滑动窗的窗宽和模极大值算法的提取范围。相比局部最大同步挤压变换算法,基于滑动窗宽优化的LMSSGST具有更佳的瞬时频率识别效果。

Total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition via interfering transforming growth factor-β1 signaling in Crohn's disease intestinal fibrosis

AIM To explore the role and mechanism of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot(TFA) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) progress of Crohn's disease(CD) intestinal fibrosis.METHODS First,CCK-8 assay was performed to assess TFA on the viability of intestinal epithelial(IEC-6) cells and select the optimal concentrations of TFA for our further studies.Then cell morphology,wound healing and transwell assays were performed to examine the effect of TFA on morphology,migration and invasion of IEC-6 cells treated with TGF-β1.In addition,immunofluorescence,real-time PCR analysis(q RT-PCR) and western blotting assays were carried out to detect the impact of TFA on EMT progress.Moreover,western blotting assay was performed to evaluate the function of TFA on the Smad and MAPK signaling pathways.Further,the role of co-treatment of TFA and si-Smad or MAPK inhibitors has been examined by q RTPCR,western blotting,morphology,wound healing andtranswell assays.RESULTS In this study,TFA promoted transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-induced(IEC-6) morphological change,migration and invasion,and increased the expression of epithelial markers and reduced the levels of mesenchymal markers,along with the inactivation of Smad and MAPK signaling pathways.Moreover,we revealed that si-Smad and MAPK inhibitors effectively attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells.Importantly,co-treatment of TFA and si-Smad or MAPK inhibitors had better inhibitory effects on TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells than either one of them.CONCLUSION These findings could provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of TFA on TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells and TFA is expected to advance as a new therapy to treat CD intestinal fibrosis.

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI术前后凝血酶激活的纤溶抑制物及蛋白C系统表达差异

目的探讨凝血酶激活的纤溶抑制物、蛋白C及蛋白S在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入手术前后检测的临床价值。方法选取2019年1月至2022年12月在北部战区总医院就诊并于12 h内接受经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗的14例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者及沈阳平安健康检测中心到访健康体检者,纳入健康对照组(n=14)、术前组(n=14)及术后组(n=14),回顾性分析一般资料及实验室检查结果,分析组间各指标差异。结果健康对照组及术前组在血小板计数、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、活化蛋白C、活化蛋白S、凝血酶激活的纤溶抑制物共10个指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前组和术后组在血小板计数、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、活化部分凝血活酶时间、D-二聚体、活化蛋白C、活化蛋白S、凝血酶激活的纤溶抑制物共7个指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论凝血酶激活的纤溶抑制物、活化蛋白C、活化蛋白S、D-二聚体在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术前后指标浮动灵敏度高,具有临床监测的价值。

Effect of transforming growth factor beta and bone morphogenetic proteins on rat hepatic stellate cell proliferation and transdifferentiation

AIM: To explore different roles of TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)in hepatic stellate cell proliferation and trans-differentiation.METHODS: Hepatic stellate cells were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Sub-cultured hepatic stellate cells were employed for cell proliferation assay with WST-1 reagent and Western blot analysis with antibody against smooth muscle alpha actin (SMA).RESULTS: The results indicated that TGF-β1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation at concentration as low as 0.1 ng/ml, but both BMP-2 and BMP-4 did not affect cell proliferation at concentration as high as 10 ng/ml. The effect on hepatic stellate cell trans-differentiation was similar between TGFβ1 and BMPs. However, BMPs was more potent at transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells than TGF-β1. In addition, we observed that TGF-β1 transient reduced the abundance of SMA in hepatic stellate cells.CONCLUSION: TGF-β may be more important in regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation while BMPs may be the major cytokines regulating hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation.

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ATTENUATED RADON TRANSFORM IN π-SCHEME SHORT-SCAN SPECT

In this work, the image reconstruction in π-scheme short-scan single-photon emission computed tomography （SPECT） with nonuniform attenuation is derived in its most general form when π-scheme short-scan SPECT entails data acquisition over disjoint angular intervals without conjugate views totaling to π radians. The reconstruction results are based on decomposition of Novikov＇s inversion operator into three parts bounded in the L2 sense. The first part involves the measured partial data; the second part is a skew-symmetric operator; the third part is a symmetric and compact contribution. It is showed firstly that the operators involved belong to L（L^2（B）. Furthermore numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method.

High impedance fault detection in distribution network based on S-transform and average singular entropy

When a high impedance fault(HIF)occurs in a distribution network,the detection efficiency of traditional protection devices is strongly limited by the weak fault information.In this study,a method based on S-transform(ST)and average singular entropy(ASE)is proposed to identify HIFs.First,a wavelet packet transform(WPT)was applied to extract the feature frequency band.Thereafter,the ST was investigated in each half cycle.Afterwards,the obtained time-frequency matrix was denoised by singular value decomposition(SVD),followed by the calculation of the ASE index.Finally,an appropriate threshold was selected to detect the HIFs.The advantages of this method are the ability of fine band division,adaptive time-frequency transformation,and quantitative expression of signal complexity.The performance of the proposed method was verified by simulated and field data,and further analysis revealed that it could still achieve good results under different conditions.

Identification of voltage sag source location using S and TT transformed disturbance power

An alternative method was introduced for voltage sag source location based on S and TT transformed disturbance powers. It is done to avoid the wrong and inconclusive detection of conventional disturbance power method proposed in the literature. Unlike in the case of the traditional method, the proposed method first transforms the recorded voltage and current during the sag event to some special features before calculating the new version of disturbance powers. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified through simulation and actual data from an industrial power system. The results show that the presented method can correctly detect the location of voltage sag source.

Gender and rural transformation:A systematic literature review

Rural transformation can improve poverty reduction,living standards,and health outcomes in developing countries.However,impacts associated with rural transformation vary by region,household,and individual trait(including gender).While research on rural transformation has been increasing over the last decade,there has been no comprehensive review conducted on the relationships between gender and rural transformation.Here,we conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the impacts of rural transformation on gender and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.We reviewed 82 studies from 1960-2021 that explore the relationships between rural transformation and gender.We then developed a framework that captures incidences and flow directions between indicators.Results show that most studies examined the impacts of rural transformation on women and between gender indicators.Few investigated the role of women and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.Overall,studies showed that rural transformation typically leads to positive outcomes for women regarding employment,income,and empowerment.However,negative impacts on women’s control over income,stability of new income sources,and access to healthy food are also common.Tailoring future development policies and programs to explicitly account for gender inclusiveness can lead to more successful rural transformation.

Prognostic significance and relationship of SMAD3 phosphoisoforms and VEGFR-1 in gastric cancer:A clinicopathological study

BACKGROUND The TGF-β/SMAD3 and VEGFR-1 signaling pathways play important roles in gastric cancer metastasis.SMAD3 phosphorylation is a crucial prognostic marker in gastric cancer.AIM To determine the prognostic value and relationship of SMAD3 phospho-isoforms and VEGFR-1 in gastric cancer.METHODS This was a single-center observational study which enrolled 98 gastric cancer patients and 82 adjacent normal gastric tissues from patients aged 32-84 years(median age 65)between July 2006 and April 2007.Patients were followed up until death or the study ended(median follow-up duration of 28.5 mo).The samples were used to generate tissue microarrays(TMAs)for immunohistochemical(IHC)staining.The expressions of TGF-β1,pSMAD3C(S423/425),pSMAD3L(S204),and VEGFR-1 in gastric cancer(GC)tumor tissue and normal tissue were measured by IHC staining using TMAs obtained from 98 GC patients.Prognosis and survival information of the patients was recorded by Outdo Biotech from May 2007 to July 2015.The relationship between TGF-β1,pSMAD3C(S423/425),pSMAD3L(S204),and VEGFR-1 protein expression levels was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.The relationship between protein expression levels and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed using the Chi-squared test.A survival curve was generated using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.RESULTS TGFβ-1 and VEGFR-1 expression was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer tissue compared to adjacent noncancerous tissue.The positive expression of phosphorylated isoforms of Smad3 varied depending on the phosphorylation site[pSMAD3C(S423/425):51.0%and pSMAD3L(S204):31.6%].High expression of pSMAD-3L(S204)was significantly correlated with larger tumors(P=0.038)and later N stages(P=0.035).Additionally,high expression of VEGFR-1 was closely correlated with tumor size(P=0.015)and pathological grading(P=0.013).High expression of both pSMAD3L(S204)and VEGFR-1 was associated with unfavorable outcomes in terms of overall survival(OS).Multivariate analysis indicated that high expression of pSMAD3L(S204)and VEGFR-1 were independent risk factors for prognosis in GC patients.VEGFR-1 protein expression was correlated with TGF-β1(r=0.220,P=0.029),pSMAD3C(S423/425)(r=0.302,P=0.002),and pSMAD3L(S204)(r=0.201,P=0.047),respectively.Simultaneous overexpression of pSMAD3L(S204)and VEGFR-1 was associated with poor OS in gastric cancer patients.CONCLUSION Co-upregulation of pSMAD3L(S204)and VEGFR-1 can serve as a predictive marker for poor gastric cancer prognosis,and pSMAD3L(204)may be involved in enhanced gastric cancer metastasis in a VEGFR-1-dependent manner.

A critical review towards the causes of the iron-based catalysts deactivation mechanisms in the selective oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur from biogas

Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S) not only presents significant environmental concerns but also induces severe corrosion in industrial equipment,even at low concentrations.Among various technologies,the selective oxidation of hydrogen sulfide(SOH_(2)S) to elemental sulfur(S) has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution.Due to its unique properties,iron oxide has been extensively investigated as a catalyst for SOH_(2)S;however,rapid deactivation has remained a significant drawback.The causes of iron oxide-based catalysts deactivation mechanisms in SOH_(2)S,including sulfur or sulfate deposition,the transformation of iron species,sintering and excessive oxygen vacancy formation,and active site loss,are thoroughly examined in this review.By focusing on the deactivation mechanisms,this review aims to provide valuable insights into enhancing the stability and efficiency of iron-based catalysts for SOH_(2)S.

基于Transformer与信息融合的绝缘子缺陷检测方法

针对现有绝缘子航拍图像背景复杂,闪络、破损缺陷检测困难的问题,本文提出一种全局与局部信息融合(GLIF)-YOLOv8s绝缘子缺陷检测算法。该算法采用EfficientFormerV2作为主干网络,以提高模型对全局信息的提取能力;基于全局与局部信息设计特征增强模块,通过信息融合减少深层网络信息的丢失。在绝缘子缺陷数据集上进行消融实验与对比实验,结果表明:本文算法在绝缘子缺陷数据集上的平均精度均值为91.6%,其对闪络和破损缺陷的检测平均精度分别达到82.3%和92.9%;与其他主流算法相比,本文算法的检测框置信度更高。

Symmetry Transformations and Exact Solutions of a Generalized Hyperelastic Rod Equation

In this paper,a nonlinear wave equation with variable coefficients is studied,interestingly,this equation can be used to describe the travelling waves propagating along the circular rod composed of a general compressible hyperelastic material with variable cross-sections and variable material densities.With the aid of Lou’s direct method1,the nonlinear wave equation with variable coefficients is reduced and two sets of symmetry transformations and exact solutions of the nonlinear wave equation are obtained.The corresponding numerical examples of exact solutions are presented by using different coefficients.Particularly,while the variable coefficients are taken as some special constants,the nonlinear wave equation with variable coefficients reduces to the one with constant coefficients,which can be used to describe the propagation of the travelling waves in general cylindrical rods composed of generally hyperelastic materials.Using the same method to solve the nonlinear wave equation,the validity and rationality of this method are verified.

Damage detection on framed structures: modal curvature evaluation using Stockwell Transform under seismic excitation

The key parameters for damage detection and localization are eigenfrequencies, related equivalent viscous damping factors and mode shapes. The classical approach is based on the evaluation of these structural parameters before and after a seismic event, but by using a modern approach based on time-frequency transformations it is possible to quantify these parameters throughout the ground shaking phase. In particular with the use of the S-Transform, it is possible to follow the temporal evolution of the structural dynamics parameters before, during and after an earthquake. In this paper, a methodology for damage localization on framed structures subjected to strong motion earthquakes is proposed based on monitoring the modal curvature variation in the natural frequency of a structure. Two examples of application are described to illustrate the technique: Computer simulation of the nonlinear response of a model, and several laboratory(shaking table) tests performed at the University of Basilicata(Italy). Damage detected using the proposed approach and damage revealed via visual inspections in the tests are compared.

Hepatitis C virus in human B lymphocytes transformed by Epstein-Barr virus in vitro by in situ reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

AIM: To study persistence and replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured in vitro. METHODS: Epstein Barr virus (EBV) was used to transform the hepatitis C virus from a HCV positive patient to permanent lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Positive and negative HCV RNA strands of the cultured cells and growth media were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) each month. Core and NS5 proteins of HCV were further tested using immunohistochemical SP method and in situ RT-PCR. RESULTS: HCV RNA positive strands were consistently detected the cultured cells for one year. The negative-strand RNA in LCL cells and the positive-strand RNA in supernatants were observed intermittently. Immunohistochemical results medicated expression of HCV NS3 and C proteins in LCL cytoplasm mostly. The positive signal of PCR product was dark blue and mainly localized to the LCL cytoplasm. The RT-PCR signal was eliminated by overnight RNase digestion but not DNase digestion. CONCLUSION: HCV may exist and remain functional in a cultured cell line for a long period.

Strategies on Promoting Transformative Learning of College English Teachers

Based on the previous case study in promoting transformative learning of college English teachers,who participated in a three-month online training courses,the article made a further research and concluded four strategies on promoting transformative learning of college English Teachers.