SEED算法S盒代数性质研究(英文)

对韩国分组密码标准SEED算法两个S盒S1、S2的密码学性质进行了深入的分析,研究了其差分性质、线性结构、平衡性、非线性等性质,通过与美国的高级加密标准AES、欧洲的分组加密标准Camellia的S盒作比较,揭示SEED算法S盒所拥有的一些较好的安全特性。

S-SEED作为光控光开关的性能分析

介绍了对称自电光效应器件(S-SEED)的基本结构,通过等效纯电容模型对其结构进行了分析,采用直线法和N段折线法近似得出了S-SEED的电压-时间(V-t)特性表达式。在不同分析方法下利用MATLAB对其性能进行了仿真和分析,比较了S-SEED的开关性能,结果表明采用直线法所达到的时间精度可以满足实际需要;对S-SEED在不同入射功率和入射光强比下的开关性能进行了比较,发现与增大入射功率相比,增大入射光强比能更有效地提高器件性能。

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Ameliorates Streptozotocin-induced Cognitive and Synaptic Plasticity Deficits by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Preserving AKT and ERK Activities

Progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment are the main clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Currently,there is no effective drug available for the treatment of AD.Previous studies have demonstrated that the cognitive impairment of AD is associated with oxidative stress and the inhibition of AKT and ERK phosphorylation.Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract(GSPE)has been shown to have strong antioxidant effect and can protect the nervous system from oxidative stress damage.This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of GSPE on the cognitive and synaptic impairments of AD using a sporadic AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular(ICV)injection of streptozotocin(STZ)(ICV-STZ).Rats were treated with GSPE(50,100,or 200 mg/kg every day)by intragastrical(ig.)administration for continuous 7 weeks,and ICV-STZ(3 mg/kg)was performed on the first day and third day of week 5.Learning and memory abilities were assessed by the Morris water maze(MWM)test at week 8.After behavioral test,hippocampal long-term potentiation(LTP)was recorded,and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutases(SOD),glutathione(GSH)and the protein expression of AKT and ERK were measured in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats.Our study revealed that ICV-STZ significantly impaired the working learning ability and hippocampal LTP of rats,significantly increased the levels of MDA,and decreased the activity of SOD and GSH in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.In contrast,GSPE treatment prevented the impairment of cognitive function and hippocampal LTP induced by ICV-STZ,decreased the level of MDA,and increased the level of SOD and GSH.Furthermore,Western blot results showed that GSPE treatment could prevent the loss of AKT and ERK activities in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex induced by ICV-STZ.Our findings demonstrate that GSPE treatment could ameliorate the impairment of cognitive ability and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a rat model of sporadic AD by inhibiting oxidative stress and preserving AKT and ERK activities.Therefore,GSPE may be an effective agent for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with sporadic AD.

Auxin distribution and transport during embryogenesis and seed germi-nation of Arabidopsis

Auxin distribution during embryogenesis and seed germination were studied with transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GUS gene driven by a synthetic DR5 promoter,an auxin responsive promoter. The results showed that GUS activity is higher in ends of hypophysis and cotyledon primordia of heart-, torpedo- and cotyledon-stage embryos, leaf tip area, lateral root primordia, root apex and cotyledon of young seedlings. And GUS accumulated in root apex of the seedlings grown on auxin transport inhibitor containing media. All these suggested that above-mentioned part of the organs and tissues have a higher level of auxin, and auxin polar transport inhibitor could cause the accumulation of auxin in root apex. And auxin transport inhibitor also resulted in aberration of Arabidopsis leaf pattern formation, root gravitropism and elongation.

Allelopathy of Gaseous Volatiles of Eupatorium adenophorum on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Pinus yunanensis

[ Objective] The paper was to understand allelopathy of gaseous volatiles of Eupatorium adenophorum stems and leaves on seed germination and seedling growth of P/nus yunnanens/s. [ Method] P. yunnanens/s seeds were treated by fresh stems and leaves of E. adenophorum in translucent airtight container under high concentration （0.069 4 g/cm3 ）, middle concentration （0.023 1 g/cm3 ） and lower concentration （0. 007 7 g/cm3 ）, respectively. [ Result] Gaseous volatiles affected seed germination process; with the increasing processing concentration, the day on which seeds began to germinate and the day reaching germination peak were delayed, and the germination quantity on the day reaching germination peak was decreased ; the day on which the germination quantity began to significantly re- duce was delayed ; the process curve was developed from sudden increase and sudden decrease to gentle change, and nearly became a beeline at high concentration. The effects of gaseous volatiles on seed germination （ seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index） and seedling growth （fresh weight, dry weight, radicle length, hypceotyl length） of P. yunnanens/s were basically consistent, showing a regularity that high concentration had stronger inhibition effect and the inhibition effect became weaker with the decreasing concentration of E. adenophorum. E. adenophorum was widely distributed under P. yunnanens/s forests, and might affect natural regeneration and growth of P. yunnanens/s via allelopathy. [ Conclusion ] The paper provides reference for scientific management of P. yunnanens/s forests.

Low-Density Co-Inoculation of Myanmar <i>Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense</i>MAS34 and <i>Streptomyces griseoflavus</i>P4 to Enhance Symbiosis and Seed Yield in Soybean Varieties

This study examined whether low-density co-inoculation of Myanmar Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense strain MAS34 and Streptomyces griseoflavus P4 would enhance nodulation, N2 fixation, and seed yield in two soybean varieties. A field experiment was conducted during the July to November 2012 growing season at Kyushu University Farm, Japan, using a split-plot design with three replications and the following four treatments: T1, an uninoculated treatment with peat moss (uninoculated);T2, a single inoculation with S. griseoflavus P4 (P4);T3, a single inoculation of B. yuanmingense MAS34 (MAS34);and T4, a dual inoculation of P4 with MAS34 (P4 + MAS34). Two varieties of soybean, Yezin-3 (Rj4) and Yezin-6 (non-Rj), were used. The N2 fixation activity of soybean was evaluated by the relative ureide method using xylem solute from root bled sap at the early pod-fill stage (R3.5). Dry matter production, N2 fixation, and seed yield were significantly (P 0.01) different between the inoculated treatments. The effect of variety was also significant (P 0.05) for nodule dry weight at the V6 stage, percentage of N derived from the atmosphere at the R3.5 stage, and seed yield at the maturity stage. The number of nodules on the tap roots was significantly higher in Yezin-3 than in Yezin-6. The single inoculation of P4 did not have a significant effect on dry matter production, N2 fixation, and seed yield in either soybean variety. The dry matter production, relative ureide index, percentage of N derived from the atmosphere, and seed yield were significantly (P 0.01) enhanced by a single inoculation of MAS34 in Yezin-3 and by dual inoculation of P4 + MAS34 in Yezin-6. These results indicate that low inoculum concentrations (105 cells seed-1) increase N2 fixation and seed yield in these soybean varieties under open field conditions. Myanmar B. yuanmingense MAS34 and S. griseoflavus P4 are expected to be useful biofertilizers for soybean production.

Seed and Wasp Production in the Mutualism of Figs and Fig Wasps

Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.

Innovative use of intact seeds of Mucuna monosperma Wight for improved yield of L-DOPA

The drug L-DOPA has been widely used against Parkinson's disease and is extracted from plants.Due to the increasing demand of this drug,new plant sources need to be discovered in addition to the existing sources.The paper embodies results on Mucuna monosperma,which can be a promising candidate for L-DOPA.The seed powder of this plant contains 5.48%of(dry weight)the drug and when the seeds were soaked in distilled water,content was increased to 6.58%.Different elicitors when added,enhanced the drug level in seed up to 11.8%.The possible rationale behind this increase was confirmed by increase in tyrosinase activity in the seeds.Presence of L-DOPA was confirmed using various analytical techniques as HPLC,HPTLC and NMR.The work demonstrates a potential candidate plant as a source for L-DOPA when a novel method was adopted as described here.

Protein seeding in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Similarities and differences

Neurodegenerative pathology can be seeded by introduction of misfolded proteins and peptides into the nervous system. Models of Alzheimer's disease(AD) and Parkinson's disease(PD) have both demonstrated susceptibility to this seeding mechanism, emphasizing the role of misfolded conformations of disease-specific proteins and peptides in disease progression. Thinking of the amyloidogenic amyloid-beta peptide(Aβ) and alpha-synuclein(α-syn), of AD and PD, respectively, as prionoids requires a comparison of these molecules and the mechanisms underlying the progression of disease. Aβ and α-syn, despite their size differences, are both natively unstructured and misfold into β-structured conformers. Additionally, several studies implicate the significant role of membrane interactions, such as those with lipid rafts in the plasma membrane, in mediating protein aggregation and transfer of Aβ and α-syn between cells that may be common to both AD and PD. Examination of inter-neuronal transfer of proteins/peptides provides evidence into the core mechanism of neuropathological propagation. Specifically, uptake of aggregates likely occurs by the endocytic pathway, possibly in response to their formation of membrane pores via a mechanism shared with pore-forming toxins. Failure of cellular clearance machinery to degrade misfolded proteins favours their release into the extracellular space, where they can be taken up by directly connected, nearby neurons. Although similarities between AD and PD are frequent and include mechanistically similar transfer processes, what differentiates these diseases, in terms of temporal and spatial patterns of propagation, may be in part due to the differing kinetics of protein misfolding. Several examples of animal models demonstrating seeding and propagation by exogenous treatment with Aβ and α-syn highlight the importance of both the environment in which these seeds are formed as well as the environment into which the seeds are propagated. Although these studies suggest potent seeding effects by both Aβ and α-syn, they emphasize the need for future studies to thoroughly characterize "seeds" as well as analyze changes in the nervous system in response to exogenous insults.

Seeding the Future

SEEDS are the matrix of agriculture. The seed is to grain production what chips are to the technology industry. Sustainable development of the seed industry is vital to food safety.Since its founding in 1949, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has paid particular attention to the seed industry in developing agriculture. Notably after the reform and opening-up policy was launched in 1978, China achieved marked progress in crop growing and grain production, feeding 22 percent of the world’s population with only seven percent of the total arable land.

Protein Bodies in Cotyledon Cells Exhibit Differential Patterns of Legumin-Like Proteins Mobilization during Seedling Germinating States

Olive (Olea europaea L.) tree is one of the most extensive and important agricultural crop in Mediterranean countries due to its beneficial health and nutritional properties and its high economic value. Currently, olive tree constitutes the sixth most important cultivated plant in the world, spreading from the Mediterranean region of origin to new production areas such as Australia, South and North America and South Africa. However, the mobilization processes of storage materials i.e. reserve proteins during seed germination, which are largely involved in essential physiological process including plant growth and development, remain poorly understood. Morphometric and immunohistochemistry analyses of protein bodies contained in olive seed storage tissues, cotyledon and endosperm, were performed by using different microscopy techniques, including light (bright-field and fluorescence) microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, we used legumin-like proteins (11S-type globulins) as a molecular marker to study the mobilization of reserve proteins from PBs of cotyledons at germinating seedling stages by using immunofluorescence assays. Results demonstrated that cotyledon and endosperm are characterized by distinct PBs populations containing legumin-like proteins, distinctly discriminated by the number of PBs per cell and tissue, size, immunofluorescence and histochemical staining. These features reflect differential PBs biogenesis during development and maturation processes in olive seed tissues endosperm and cotyledon, in relation to proteins (polypeptides) final composition, SSPs processing and/or packaging during seed maturation. Three different mobilization patterns of legumin-like proteins were identified for the first time in cotyledon PBs during seedling germinating process. Mature proteins composition and/or processing, cell types and enzyme composition and/or differential activation have been discussed as key features determining how proteins mobilize from PBs for further degradation in the cotyledon.

Photoperiod and Nitrogen Supply Limit the Scope of Northward Migration and Seed Transfer of Black Spruce in a Future Climate Associated with Doubled Atmospheric CO2 Concentration

The predicated changes in precipitation and temperature associated with the continued elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration will trigger the northward shift of the Climate Envelopes for 130 North America tree species by as much as 10 degrees. However, climate envelope models do not take into account changes in other factors that may also influence the survival and growth of plants at the predicted new locations, such as photoperiod and nutrient regimes. This study investigated how photoperiod and nitrogen supply would affect the ecophysiological traits of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) B. S. P.) that are critical for survival and growth at new locations predicted by climate envelope models. We exposed black spruce seedlings to the photoperiod regime at the seed origin (PS) and that 10° north of the seed origin (PNM) as predicted by climate envelope models under the current and doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration and different levels of N supply (30 vs. 300 μmol·mol-1 N). We found that the PNM and the 30 μmol·mol-1 N supply both had negative impact on the development of seedling cold hardiness in the fall, and led to earlier burst of the terminal bud and greater rate of mortality in the following growing season. While the PNM stimulated seedling growth in the first growing season, the effect was not sustained in the second growing season. Our results suggest that the photoperiod regimes and poor nutrient conditions at higher latitudes will likely constrain the scope of the northward migration or seed transfer of black spruce.

Several Strategic Issues in the Development of China's Seed Industry

Chinese agricultural industry and rural economy are currently undergoing a strategic restructuring. The Seed Act has been thoroughly enforced. The Development of West China program has also got started in an all-round way. Not long ago China entered the World Trade Organization. All these not only present great opportunities but also severe challenges to China.

移动云系的平行条播方案与“S”型飞行航线设计研究

在人工影响天气作业过程中,飞机作业航线设计是整个飞机增雨过程中最重要的技术工作,科学的飞机作业航线设计是提高云系催化效率以及检验催化作业效果的关键。针对平行条播方案,在充分考虑云系移速移向、飞机性能等基础上,提出优化的“S”型飞行航线设计方法,给出飞机转弯部分的简化处理方法,可快速确定关键点的位置,同时给出在标准转弯速率下空中国王350和运12飞机的转弯时间计算方法,对飞机增雨作业方案设计有很好的指导意义。实际飞行试验表明,增雨飞机可以按照设计的航线进行增雨作业,并且可实现平行条播。

A phylogenetic approach identifies patterns of beta diversity and floristic subregions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity and their relationships with environmental correlates can help reveal the origin and evolutionary history of regional biota.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)harbors an exceptionally diverse flora,however,a phylogenetic perspective has rarely been used to investigate its beta diversity and floristic regions.In this study,we used a phylogenetic approach to identify patterns of beta diversity and quantitatively delimit floristic regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.We also examined the relationships between multifaceted beta diversity,geographical distance,and climatic difference,and evaluated the relative importance of various factors(i.e.,climate,topography and history)in shaping patterns of beta diversity.Sørensen dissimilarity indices indicated that patterns of species turnover among sites dominated the QTP.We also found that patterns of both taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity were significantly related to geographical distance and climatic difference.The environmental factors that contributed most to these patterns of beta diversity include annual precipitation,mean annual temperature,climatic gradients and climatic instability.Hierarchical dendrograms of dissimilarity and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination based on phylogenetic beta diversity data identified ten floristic subregions in the QTP.Our results suggest that the contemporary environment and historical climate changes have filtered species composition among sites and eventually determined beta diversity patterns of plants in the QTP.

Studies on the seed production properties of Hunong 5s/Teqing 2

From Nongken 58s/Laser 4 // Xiandang, aphotoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile indicarice line, Hunong 5s was developed, and au-thorized by Hubei Province in 1992, and by theCommittee of the State Science Foundation ofChina in 1993. Hunong 5s was crossed to a in-dica restorer line Teqing 2 to produce a two-line Fhybrid Hunong 5s/Teqing 2. Growth and blossom characteristics of thetwo parents and the seed production propertieswere studied in this experiment. The resultswere as follows: Hunong 5s and Teqing 2 wereboth medium-maturing rice in Jingsha, Hubei,and their photo-thermo-growing properties

纳米C⁃S⁃H晶种与掺和料及早强剂复配对混凝土强度的影响

为了提高混凝土早期强度,根据不同混凝土配方的组成差异,将纳米C‐S‐H晶种与掺和料以及早强剂复配,成型不同龄期的混凝土试件,分析复配后混凝土初终凝时间、抗压强度和抗折强度受到的影响。结果表明:粉煤灰和硅灰会降低混凝土的早期抗压和抗折强度,纳米C‐S‐H晶种与粉煤灰、硅灰复配后可减弱粉煤灰、硅灰对强度下降的影响;纳米C‐S‐H晶种可缓解石膏的缓凝作用,并且可以与石膏、硫酸钠、硫铝酸盐水泥发挥协同作用,进一步提高混凝土的早期强度。

纳米C-S-H晶核对水泥浆体流变性能的影响

纳米C-S-H晶核由于对水泥早期水化的显著加速效果逐渐被广泛用作早强剂,通过流变仪测试掺纳米C-S-H晶核水泥浆体的塑性黏度、动态屈服应力、静态屈服应力和触变性,以研究纳米C-S-H晶核对水泥浆体流变性能的影响。结果表明:纳米C-S-H晶核掺入水泥浆体后,水泥浆体塑性黏度、动态屈服应力、静态屈服应力和触变性均随之增加,掺量越大,增加越多。水灰比对水泥浆体的流变性能也具有显著影响,水灰比越小,浆体的塑性黏度、动态屈服应力、静态屈服应力和触变性越大。

甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)千粒重性状遗传体系分析

通过遗传差异较大的 2个甘蓝型油菜 (BrassicanapusL )纯系亲本组合 (HSTC14×宁油 7号 )衍生后代的世代家系群体分析 ,应用主基因 +多基因家系世代联合分离分析方法研究油菜千粒重的遗传体系。结果表明 ,甘蓝型油菜HSTC14×宁油 7号组合千粒重遗传体系系由一对主基因 +多基因构成 ,主基因中只有加性效应 (d =0 10 6 2 ) ,不存在显性效应 ;多基因存在加性 ([d]=0 2 2 2 8)和显性效应 ,但显性效应为负值 ([h]=- 0 2 80 0 )。表明该组合千粒重主要由主基因加性效应和多基因效应决定 ,但无杂种优势。F2∶3家系群体主基因遗传力为 83 39% ,多基因遗传力为 11 71%。HSTC14×宁油 7号组合千粒重的改良可能受主基因无显性效应 ,多基因显性效应为负值的制约。

GaAs／GaAlAs多量子阱反射型光调制器及自电光效应器件

采用分子束外延技术生长含有大周期数的ＧａＡｓ／ＧａＡｌＡｓ多量子阶（ＭＱＷ）及分布布喇格反射器（ＤＢＲ）的ＰＩＮ结构器件。研究了量子限制斯塔克效应（ＱＣＳＥ），分布布喇格反射及非对称腔模（ＡＳＦＰ）效应对光的反射调制作用及这三种效应的兼容性对光调制及逻辑器件的重要影响。给出我们研制的反射型光调制器及自电光效应器件的实验结果。对于常通型及常闭型调制器，其两态衬比度可达１０ｄＢ。所研制的ＳＥＥＤ器件，其导通光能耗低于１０ｆＪ／（μｍ）￣２，实现其光学双稳态及Ｒ－Ｓ光触发器工作。