Effect of Ultra High Pressure Processing on the Particle Characteristics of Lotus-seed Starch

In this paper, the time dependent effects of various pressure treatments on the characteristics of lotus-seed starch which was modified by ultra-high pressure （UHP） were investigated. The results showed that the polarization cross of lotus-seed starch granules was weakening gradually with increasing the treatment time, which indicated the termination of their ordered crystallite structures. The morphologies of granules were collapsed once the UHP was kept at 500 MPa for 60 minutes. The particle size analysis demonstrated that the granule size and distribution of lotus-seed starches increased as the treatment time was prolonged. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the intensity of the feature diffraction peaks of starch decreased and eventually disappeared with increasing the treatment time, and B-type transformation pattern was observed. The Fourier transform infrared spectra （FTIR） analysis of starch showed that the UHP is a physical modification processing because no new groups formed. The research showed that UHP processing at certain degree is capable to achieve the modification of lotus-seed starch. It is of significance for the deep processing of lotus-seed products.

Micro-seeding and soft template effects on the control of polymorph and morphology of HMX micro particles in solvent-antisolvent process

A seeding strategy was developed in the preparation of cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine(HMX)explosive micro-particles by solvent-antisolvent method, to control their polymorphs from dangerous gamma(y) type to the desired and standard beta(β) form with the size distribution of <10.0 μm, by using a low concentration of β-HMX fine particles as micro-seed in the antisolvent medium. All products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and dynamic light scattering particle size analyzer. In the next step, the effective factors on the sizes and morphologies of micro-particles in the presence and absence of two soft templates of poly(ethylene glycol)-400(PEG-400) polymer and coconut fatty acid diethanolamide(lauramide) surfactant were investigated. The results of experiments showed that using of water-soluble PEG-400 in the low antisolvent temperatures leads to the production of very spherical particles. Also non-ionic surfactant of lauramide, direct the crystal growth to needle-like structures. The advantages of this method are its capability for the simple production of β-HMX micro-particles in the large scale production process, with the various crystal structures and particles size distributions.

Optimization of Extraction Process for Antioxidant Active Components in Seeds of Firmiana platanifolia

[Objectives]To optimize the extraction process of antioxidant active components from seeds of Firmiana platanifolia.[Methods]The seeds of F.platanifolia were taken as the research object.The primary samples of seeds of F.platanifolia were prepared following the procedure of selection,cleaning,shelling,drying and pulverization.The DPPH·(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)scavenging rate of the extract of seeds of F.platanifolia was used as an indicator,to conduct the single factor experiment for determining optimum single factors such as extraction solvent,extraction time,solid-to-liquid ratio,and extraction temperature.Then the experimental design was optimized by the response surface methodology.[Results]Single factor experiment showed that the optimal extraction solvent for the antioxidant active components of F.platanifolia seeds was ethyl acetate,the optimal extraction time was 50 min,the optimum solid-to-liquid ratio was 1∶6 g/mL,and the optimal extraction temperature was 60℃.The response surface optimization experiment showed that the optimal extraction process of the antioxidant active component extract of F.platanifolia seeds was:the extraction solvent was ethyl acetate,the extraction time was 45 min,the solid-to-liquid ratio was 1∶5 g/mL,and the extraction temperature was 55℃,which was basically consistent with the results of single factor experiment.Under the optimal extraction conditions,the DPPH·scavenging rate of ethyl acetate extract(200 mg/mL)of F.platanifolia seeds was 94.25%,which was equivalent to that of vitamin E(V E)solution(147.39 mg/L)dissolved with ethyl acetate.[Conclusions]The ethyl acetate extract of F.platanifolia seeds has a strong antioxidant capacity of eliminating DPPH·in vitro.

Experimental Study of Drying Process of COLZA Seeds in Fluidized Bed Dryer by Statistical Methods

In this study the effect of initial parameters such as inlet gas temperature, initial particles temperature and gas velocity on temperature changes of solid particles and outlet gas temperature in a fluidized bed dryer was studied. For testing, an experimental setup was established. With combination of air and Colza seeds belonging to D groups of the Geldart classification (Geldart, 1986) fluidization regime was carried out. With five test series with maintaining the inlet gas temperature, solid particle temperature and outlet gas temperature during time were carefully measured. To analyze these data by using regression analysis to predict solid particle and outlet gas temperature, 2 correlations on initial pa-rameters were presented. The result has shown that temperature gradients in the beginning of fluidization, is very high and therefore the exponential functions in the regression model is used to predict the temperature changes.

Processing technology of Camellia oleifera seed

Camellia oleifera industry plays a key role in the safety of edible oils in China,and its seed has great potential for comprehensive utilization.This review mainly introduced processing technology of Camellia seed,which included pretreatment,extraction,and high value utilization.The comprehensive utilization and nutritional value of Camellia seed were discussed.Microwave is the best pretreatment method,and shelling technology can improve oil yield.Cold pressing technology was widely accepted and aqueous enzymatic method had wide prospects.Comprehensive utilization technology of Camellia oleifera cake mainly focused on saponin extracting.In the future,processing technology of Camellia seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.

Rapid Determination of Seed Number and Thousand Kernel Weight of Asparagus officinalis L.Using Image Processing Method

Asparagus officinalis L.is favored by its high health function,but its hybrid seeds are expensive.The amount of seed,seed plumpness and germination rate are related to the production costs of breeding enterprises and large growers.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.This study developed a quick and accurate method to measure the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.using image processing technology.Seed sample of A.officinalis L.was scanned with 200 dpi resolution,and the seed number was then obtained using Image-ProPlus software.After weighing the seeds,thousand kernel weight was finally calculated.By recording‘macro’,the batch processing of the samples can also be realized.This method is simple and accurate,and can greatly save the time of investigation.

甜瓜翠雪7号高质量种子生产及加工技术研究

甜瓜种子质量决定出苗率、出苗整齐度和幼苗的健壮生长,继而影响甜瓜的产量以及品质。随着甜瓜育苗向集约化和规模化方向的发展,育苗场或者种植户对高质量甜瓜种子的需求也越来越高。基于对甜瓜种植密度、授粉数量、单株坐果数和采收时间等因素的分析以及基于木酢液可破除种子休眠特性,研究甜瓜品种翠雪7号高质量种子生产和加工处理技术,以期为厚皮甜瓜高质量种子生产提供借鉴。

嗜热酸性Ⅲ型普鲁兰水解酶协同压热制备莲子抗性淀粉的工艺优化及其功能特性研究

本研究以莲子淀粉为原料,采用嗜热酸性Ⅲ型普鲁兰水解酶(TK-PUL)与压热联合制备RS3型抗性淀粉(EHP-LRS3)。通过单因素实验和响应面试验对TK-PUL与压热联合制备EHP-LRS3的工艺参数进行了优化,采用扫描电子显微镜和X-射线衍射对EHP-LRS3的形貌、晶体结构进行了观察与分析,并考察了EHP-LRS3对长双歧杆菌的促增殖能力。结果表明,在TK-PUL酶解温度为80℃时制备EHP-LRS3的最佳工艺为:向质量分数为35.32%的莲子淀粉乳(pH5.00)中添加25.00 U/g(莲子淀粉)的TK-PUL,将混合物于80℃处理12.70 h,再将其依次于121℃压热处理10 min、4℃回生处理24 h。在最佳工艺条件下,EHP-LRS3的得率为58.46%。扫描电镜分析显示EHP-LRS3呈不规则的沟壑状结构。X-射线衍射分析表明EHP-LRS3的晶体结构呈现出不同于莲子淀粉A型晶体结构的B型晶体结构。EHP-LRS3对长双歧杆菌的促增殖能力优于压热法制备的RS3型抗性淀粉(HP-LRS3)。本研究采用TK-PUL与压热联合制备得到高得率的RS3型抗性淀粉(EHP-LRS3),并验证了EHP-LRS3对长双歧杆菌的促增殖能力,为莲子淀粉的高值化利用提供了理论依据。

加工工艺对香榧籽油中挥发性物质组成的影响

旨在为风味香榧籽油的开发提供理论支持,考察了不同加工工艺(烘烤温度和压榨工艺)对香榧籽油理化指标的影响,并采用电子鼻、顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS)等技术研究不同烘烤温度(140、150、160、170、180℃)和压榨工艺(螺杆压榨和液压压榨)对香榧籽油中挥发性物质组成的影响。结果表明:烘烤温度和压榨工艺对香榧籽油酸值影响较小,随烘烤温度的升高,螺杆压榨和液压压榨对香榧籽油过氧化值的影响不同,但不同烘烤温度和压榨工艺条件下制取的香榧籽油酸值和过氧化值均符合GB 2716—2018中的要求;电子鼻分析表明氮氧化合物、硫化物、芳香成分、甲基类物质对香榧籽油风味的影响较大;液压压榨和螺杆压榨香榧籽油风味最浓郁的烘烤温度分别为140℃和170℃;香榧籽油中共检出挥发性物质7类42种,其中萜烯类物质占主导;不同温度烘烤后液压压榨制取的香榧籽油中共有5种挥发性物质的相对含量发生显著变化,而螺杆压榨制取的香榧籽油中有18种挥发性物质的相对含量发生显著变化,柏木脑和香芹酮为两种压榨工艺共有的相对含量发生显著变化的物质。综上,压榨工艺会影响香榧籽油达到浓郁风味所需要的热风烘烤条件,且螺杆压榨相较于液压压榨,其风味物质种类变化更加丰富。

我国种子丸粒化研究现状及展望

种子是农业的“芯片”,在农业现代化进程中发挥重要作用。丸粒化是适应精量播种需要的新型种子处理技术,将填充剂、粘合剂、营养物质、保护剂、生长调节剂、染色剂等物料分层或混合包裹在种子表面,不仅能改变种子形状和大小,还具有保护种子、促进逆境下种子萌发和幼苗生长的作用。从种子萌发到幼苗建植是作物生产周期中最为脆弱的生育阶段,利用种子丸粒化技术促进种子萌发、提升幼苗素质对作物增产具有重要意义。本文综述了种子丸粒化技术的发展过程,种子丸粒化的作用原理、工艺流程及质量检验标准;总结了丸粒化技术在蔬菜和花卉、粮食和经济作物、牧草和绿肥、药用作物、林木的应用现状,明确了各自的研究重点和难点。在此基础上,提出今后的研究需加强跨学科交流协同,利用基因组学、代谢组学等高新技术加强种子休眠和萌发的信号途径研究和信号分子提取,明确丸粒化种子萌发的环境阈值,关注专用型丸粒化物料和特异性丸粒化工艺的研发,建立健全丸粒化种子质量标准,评估种子丸粒化对环境的长期影响,以期为促进我国种子处理技术快速发展提供理论支持。

传统图像分割算法在农作物籽粒考种应用中的研究进展

传统图像分割算法以时间、空间复杂度低等优点在农作物籽粒考种领域中有着广泛的应用。对传统分割算法在农作物表型获取过程中的应用进行研究,首先阐述Otsu、分水岭、边缘检测、SLIC算法以及凹点分析算法的算法原理,对种皮颜色灰度均匀、形状不同的农作物籽粒,以“问题—方法”的模式阐述不同算法在应用中存在的问题以及相应的解决方法;接着将算法基于阈值、区域、边缘、聚类、凹点整合为五大类,对算法的分割效果、优缺点及其适用范围进行比较研究;最后,剖析农作物籽粒图像分割应用研究存在农作物种类覆盖度不够宽泛、图像分割精度不高、技术通用性不高等问题,并从算法精度提高、重叠遮挡处理等方面对未来的研究进行展望,以期为农作物籽粒考种过程中的图像分割研究提供参考。

基于文献分析的罗汉果产业技术研究进展

为助力广西罗汉果(Siraitia grosvenorii)特色产业高质量发展,本文以国内外图书、期刊学术论文、学位论文、会议论文、专利技术、标准技术、科技成果登记等技术文献分析罗汉果产业技术研究现状,以科技奖励获奖情况分析行业技术的“尖锋”发展情况,从罗汉果的品种选育与繁育、种植栽培、深加工技术、应用开发等方面分析近3年的罗汉果行业热点,全方位、多角度、有针对性地综述罗汉果产业技术研究进展,并分析罗汉果产业技术的不足之处,以期为广西罗汉果产业的研究方向和发展规划提供参考。

荔枝汁薏米复合凝固型酸奶的工艺优化及品质分析

以荔枝汁、薏米和牛奶为主要原料,研制了一款荔枝汁薏米复合凝固型酸奶。以荔枝汁添加量、发酵剂添加量、发酵温度和发酵时间为考察因素,以感官评分及持水力为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验法对荔枝汁薏米复合凝固型酸奶的发酵工艺进行了优化。结果表明,荔枝汁薏米凝固型酸奶发酵的最佳工艺条件为荔枝汁添加量25%、发酵剂添加量7%、发酵温度40℃、发酵时间8 h。在此发酵条件下制作的酸奶感官评分为90.80分,乳酸菌活菌数为15.09×10^(8)CFU·g^(-1),持水力为76.81%,具有浓厚的荔枝牛奶风味,组织细腻光滑,酸甜合适,口感纯厚,凝固状态较好,呈均匀的奶白色。

鲫鱼籽磷脂制备工艺优化及组成分析

鲫鱼籽富含蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、氨基酸和磷脂等人体所需的物质。而作为鲫鱼加工中副产物的鲫鱼籽,未能得到充分利用,造成资源浪费。以鲫鱼籽为原料,运用超声辅助乙醇浸提法提取磷脂,探究料液比、浸提时间、浸提温度、乙醇浓度4个因素对磷脂提取率的影响,经正交试验对工艺条件优化选择,并分析磷脂组成成分。结果表明,鲫鱼籽磷脂的最佳制备工艺条件为料液比1∶10、浸提时间50 min、浸提温度55℃、乙醇浓度95%,在此条件下,测得磷脂纯度为64.81%,磷脂提取率为13.233%。经核磁共振分析,鲫鱼籽磷脂主要含有5种成分,分别是卵磷脂(Phosphatidylcholine,PC)、丝氨酸磷脂(Phosphatidylserine,PS)、肌醇磷脂(Phosphatidylinositol,PI)、鞘磷脂(Sphingomyelin,SM)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PhosphatidylEthanolamine,PE),其中PC的含量最高(74.73%)。

基于AHP-CRITIC权重分析法结合Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化盐橘核水提取工艺

目的:优化盐橘核水提取工艺。方法:以柠檬苦素、诺米林、黄柏酮的转移率及出膏率为评价指标,利用混合加权法(AHP-CRITIC法)确定权重系数,计算多指标综合评分,并结合Box-Behnken设计-响应面法考察饮片粒度、加水量、提取时间的影响,优选盐橘核水提取工艺。结果:优选提取工艺为饮片粒度过6目筛网,一、二煎加水量分别为12倍、10倍,提取时间分别为1.0 h、0.5 h。结论:优选出的提取工艺稳定可行,可为盐橘核工业化生产提供参考。

气吸式排种器投种过程理论分析

【目的】排种器工作性能直接影响播种质量,理论分析可为提高排种器的排种性能提供理论基础。【方法】以向日葵种子为例,对种子脱离吸孔后的运动进行分析,得到种子的运动微分方程、速度方程、位移方程,并建立了相邻两粒种子间距的数学模型,探讨了种子的投种方式(提前投种、及时投种、延迟投种、强制投种)和种子吸附姿态(姿态一、姿态二、姿态三)对种子间距的影响。【结果】利用理论分析对排种过程进行研究,得到了排种器工作参数或结构参数的取值范围、影响排种性能的相关参数,可为仿真提供理论基础,也可为最终后期设计排种器提供理论基础。

普通油茶种仁发育过程的代谢组学分析

【目的】了解普通油茶(Camellia oleifera)果实发育过程中种仁代谢物的变化。【方法】以普通油茶不同发育阶段(F1~F5)的种仁为材料,结合液相色谱与质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)代谢组学技术,分析普通油茶种仁发育过程中代谢物的变化规律。【结果】共鉴定到15类1006种代谢物,主要包括脂类和类脂分子,苯丙素类和聚酮类,有机酸及其衍生物,芳烃类,有机氧化合物,杂环化合物,核苷、核苷酸和类似物;被注释的主要代谢通路包括代谢途径、次生代谢产物的生物合成、植物次生代谢产物的生物合成、氨基酸的生物合成、2-草酸代谢。不同发育时期普通油茶种仁的代谢物有显著差异,F1和F2的种仁代谢物最少,仅有3-甲基-1-(2,4,6-三羟基苯基)-1-丁酮、L-谷胱甘肽、蔗糖,说明种仁前期缓慢生长;F3的种仁代谢物最多,尤其是苯丙素类和聚酮类、芳烃类、脂类和类脂分子、有机酸及其衍生物、有机杂环化合物的相对含量变化明显,其中黑色素、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、L-谷胱甘肽、1-甲基鸟嘌呤、3,4-二氢-2H-1-苯并吡喃-2-酮、(S)-匹诺森布林、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷的相对含量较高,说明其在果实快速膨大期种仁成型发挥重要作用;F4和F5的代谢物逐渐减少,种仁进入油脂积累期。【结论】本研究运用代谢组学方法了解普通油茶果实发育过程中种仁代谢物的变化规律,可为普通油茶果优质丰产栽培和适时采收提供理论依据。

群体密度与黄腐酸对芸豆籽粒淀粉形成及加工特性的影响

为探明群体密度与叶面喷施黄腐酸对黑龙江省西北部芸豆籽粒淀粉形成及加工特性的影响,采用二因素裂区设计,主区设3个群体密度:20万株·hm^(-2)(D1,稀植处理)、23万株·hm^(-2)(D2,当地常规密度)、26万株·hm^(-2)(D3,密植处理);副区设5个黄腐酸浓度:清水(C0)、0.37(C1)、0.45(C2)、1.12(C3)、1.50 kg·hm^(-2)(C4)。采用碱液浸提法提取成熟后芸豆籽粒淀粉,通过测定淀粉的溶解度、膨胀度、冻融稳定性、糊化特性、透明度、直链淀粉含量以及淀粉的理化性质,研究了芸豆淀粉品质形成的群体效应及叶面肥调控效果。结果表明:芸豆籽粒粗淀粉含量及直链淀粉比例显著影响淀粉的加工特性。2021年、2022年芸豆淀粉含量均随群体密度的增加而增加,分别从45.7%、47.7%增加到59.0%、50.7%;同时,直链淀粉含量均在高密度(26万株·hm^(-2))处理下达到峰值,分别为36.3%和28.4%。叶面喷施黄腐酸促进了芸豆籽粒淀粉的积累,提高了籽粒总淀粉含量,增加了中、低密度群体(20万株·hm^(-2)和23万株·hm^(-2))下的籽粒直链淀粉的比例,2021年和2022年的增幅范围分别为8.4%~17.0%、16.4%~35.6%和6.1%~19.3%、8.4%~12.8%,但降低了高密度群体(26万株·hm^(-2))的直链淀粉比例,2021年与2022年降低范围分别为5.7%~13.6%与4.3%~15.0%。综合分析,在黑龙江西北部地区,26万株·hm^(-2)的栽培密度有利于籽粒淀粉品质的形成,同时在芸豆开花期喷施1.50 kg·hm^(-2)的黄腐酸对淀粉加工品质具有一定提升效应。

微波辅助提取酸枣仁油的工艺优化研究

采用正交试验法探索微波辅助提取酸枣仁油的工艺。实验结果表明,微波辅助提取酸枣仁油的最佳条件为提取时间为5min,提取温度为40℃,料液质量比为1∶7。此工艺稳定可行,为酸枣仁油的规模化生产,提供一定的借鉴意义。

我国药用植物种子油研究进展

药用植物种子含有的脂肪酸及各类活性成分赋予其种子油独特开发优势。文章从我国已被提取获得种子油的药用植物概况,及药用植物种子油提取方法、脂肪酸组成及其随种子成熟过程的动态变化、微量营养成分、生物学活性、常见用途等多方面,对我国药用植物种子油的相关研究成果进行了全面综述,以期为进一步推进我国药用植物种子油的基础研究与综合利用提供参考。