As an unconventional resource, oil shale possesses abundant reserves and significant potential for industrial applications. The rational and efficient development of oil shale resources holds immense importance in red...As an unconventional resource, oil shale possesses abundant reserves and significant potential for industrial applications. The rational and efficient development of oil shale resources holds immense importance in reducing national energy demand. In-situ catalytic technology, characterized by its high efficiency, low pollution, and minimal energy consumption, represents a key direction for future oil shale development. This paper provides a comprehensive review of research progress in in-situ oil shale mining technology, oil shale pyrolysis catalysts, the pyrolysis mechanism of kerogen, and the compatibility of different heating processes and catalysts. Furthermore, the paper proposes future research directions and prospects for oil shale in-situ catalytic technology, including reservoir modification, highefficiency catalyst synthesis, injection processes, and high-efficiency heating technology. These insights serve as valuable technical references for the advancement of oil shale in-situ catalytic technology.展开更多
In an era dominated by artificial intelligence (AI), establishing customer confidence is crucial for the integration and acceptance of AI technologies. This interdisciplinary study examines factors influencing custome...In an era dominated by artificial intelligence (AI), establishing customer confidence is crucial for the integration and acceptance of AI technologies. This interdisciplinary study examines factors influencing customer trust in AI systems through a mixed-methods approach, blending quantitative analysis with qualitative insights to create a comprehensive conceptual framework. Quantitatively, the study analyzes responses from 1248 participants using structural equation modeling (SEM), exploring interactions between technological factors like perceived usefulness and transparency, psychological factors including perceived risk and domain expertise, and organizational factors such as leadership support and ethical accountability. The results confirm the model, showing significant impacts of these factors on consumer trust and AI adoption attitudes. Qualitatively, the study includes 35 semi-structured interviews and five case studies, providing deeper insight into the dynamics shaping trust. Key themes identified include the necessity of explainability, domain competence, corporate culture, and stakeholder engagement in fostering trust. The qualitative findings complement the quantitative data, highlighting the complex interplay between technology capabilities, human perceptions, and organizational practices in establishing trust in AI. By integrating these findings, the study proposes a novel conceptual model that elucidates how various elements collectively influence consumer trust in AI. This model not only advances theoretical understanding but also offers practical implications for businesses and policymakers. The research contributes to the discourse on trust creation and decision-making in technology, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary efforts to address societal challenges associated with technological advancements. It lays the groundwork for future research, including longitudinal, cross-cultural, and industry-specific studies, to further explore consumer trust in AI.展开更多
In China,operational in-situ marine monitoring is the primary means of directly obtaining hydrological,meteorological,and oceanographic environmental parameters across sea areas,and it is essential for applications su...In China,operational in-situ marine monitoring is the primary means of directly obtaining hydrological,meteorological,and oceanographic environmental parameters across sea areas,and it is essential for applications such as forecast of marine environment,prevention and mitigation of disaster,exploitation of marine resources,marine environmental protection,and management of transportation safety.In this paper,we summarise the composition,development courses,and present operational status of three systems of operational in-situ marine monitoring,namely coastal marine automated network station,ocean data buoy and voluntary observing ship measuring and reporting system.Additionally,we discuss the technical development in these in-situ systems and achievements in the key generic technologies along with future development trends.展开更多
The properties of n-Ge epilayer deposited on Si substrate with in-situ doping technology in a cold-wall ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition(UHVCVD) system are investigated.The growth temperature of 500℃ is o...The properties of n-Ge epilayer deposited on Si substrate with in-situ doping technology in a cold-wall ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition(UHVCVD) system are investigated.The growth temperature of 500℃ is optimal for the n-Ge growth in our equipment with a phosphorus concentration of 1018cm-3.In the n-Ge epilayer,the depth profile of phosphorus concentration is box-shaped and the tensile strain of 0.12% confirmed by x-ray diffraction measurement is introduced which results in the red shift of the photoluminescence.The enhancements of photoluminescence intensity with the increase of the doping concentration are observed,which is consistent with the modeling of the spontaneous emission spectrum for direct transition of Ge.The results are of significance for guiding the growth of n-Ge epilayer with in-situ doping technology.展开更多
Crack initiation, propagation and microfracture processes of austempered high silicon cast steel have been investigated by using an in-situ tensile stage installed inside a scanning electron microscope chamber. It is ...Crack initiation, propagation and microfracture processes of austempered high silicon cast steel have been investigated by using an in-situ tensile stage installed inside a scanning electron microscope chamber. It is revealed that micro cracks always nucleate at the yielding near imperfections and the boundary of matrix-inclusions due to the stress concentration. There are four types of crack propagations in the matrix: crack propagates along the boundary of two clusters of bainitic ferrite; crack propagates along the boundary of ferrite-austenite in bainitic ferrite laths; crack propagates into bainitic ferrite laths; crack nucleates and propagates in the high carbon brittle plate shape martensite which is transformed from some blocky retained austenite due to plastic deformation. Based on the observation and analysis of microfracture processes, a schematic diagram of the crack nucleation and propagation process of high silicon cast steel is proposed.展开更多
The low-cycle fatigue behavior of powder metallurgy Rene95 alloy containing surface inclusions was investigated by in-situ observation with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The process of fatigue crack initiation...The low-cycle fatigue behavior of powder metallurgy Rene95 alloy containing surface inclusions was investigated by in-situ observation with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The process of fatigue crack initiation and early stage of propagation behavior indicates that fatigue crack mainly occurs at the interface between the inclusion and the matrix. The effect of inclusion on the fatigue crack initiation and the early stage of crack growth was very obvious. The fatigue crack growth path in the matrix is similar to the shape of inclusion made on the basis of fatigue fracture image analysis. The empiric relation between the surface and inside crack growth length, near a surface inclusion, can be expressed. Therefore, the fatigue crack growth rate or life of P/M Rene95 alloy including the inclusions can be evaluated on the basis of the measurable surface crack length parameter. In addition, the effect of two inclusions on the fatigue crack initiation behavior was investigated by the in-situ observation with SEM.展开更多
As the main contribution of China's carbon emissions, low-carbon production in industrial firms becomes an inevitable choice, and industrial firm employees' attitudes on low-carbon new technology directly infl...As the main contribution of China's carbon emissions, low-carbon production in industrial firms becomes an inevitable choice, and industrial firm employees' attitudes on low-carbon new technology directly influence the results of low-carbon production. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the main factors influencing firm staff to accept low-carbon new technology. The study reveals that the employee's social impact, performance expectation, effort expectations and convenient conditions, and employee characteristics are all main factors affecting their acceptance attitudes on low-carbon new technology. And social influence has the largest effect on employees' acceptance attitudes toward low-carbon new technology. Accordingly, relevant policy recommendations are put forward for the future research direction.展开更多
In order to reflect truly the damage evolution mechanism of weak muddy intercalation in dry-wet cycles, two typical weak muddy intercalations were selected for dry-wet cycles. The mineral changes of specimens were ana...In order to reflect truly the damage evolution mechanism of weak muddy intercalation in dry-wet cycles, two typical weak muddy intercalations were selected for dry-wet cycles. The mineral changes of specimens were analyzed via X-ray diffraction after dry-wet cycles. By combining in-situ SEM and digital image processing(DIP), the damage evolution process and damage characteristic parameters of each stage were obtained. The experimental results indicate that the hydration and dissolution of minerals can not be a determinant factor in structure damage. The micro-structural damage is due to disintegration of mineral aggregates, leading to changes in the number and size of cracks and pores. The damage degree of specimens is related to its initial structure, and the micro-structural damage intensifies and finally tends to stabilize with cycle times increased.展开更多
A special designed experiment was conducted for observing crack initiation and growth in P/M Rene95 superalloy under tension-tension loading by self-made SEM in-situ fatigue loading stag. Several alumina inclusion par...A special designed experiment was conducted for observing crack initiation and growth in P/M Rene95 superalloy under tension-tension loading by self-made SEM in-situ fatigue loading stag. Several alumina inclusion particles exposed at the specimen surface were observed carefully. During fatigue test inclusions led to cracks initiation. The cracks can be formed by two mechanisms. Generally, the cracks nucleated at the interface between inclusion and matrix. Sometimes, cracks were also formed inside the inclusion. As the increase of cycles, some cracks at the interface between inclusion and matrix broadened and propagated along the direction about 45 degrees to the loading axis. On the other hand, the cracks inside the inclusion propagated in the inclusion and towards matrix.展开更多
The observation on crack initiation and propagation of surface inclusion Al2O3 in seeded PM Rene95 was conducted by SEM in-situ tension test. The results show that the cracks often initiate at the inclusion/matrix int...The observation on crack initiation and propagation of surface inclusion Al2O3 in seeded PM Rene95 was conducted by SEM in-situ tension test. The results show that the cracks often initiate at the inclusion/matrix interface vertical to the applied stress direction, and easily propagate along the interface into the matrix. The interface of inclusion/matrix is just mechanically bounded on the base of SEM observation. The weak bonding of inclusion/matrix interface and stress concentration around inclusions are the main reasons of the matrix/inclusion interface debonding and local plastic deformation under the tensile loading in the in-situ tension test. Surface inclusion does not definitely lead to the failure of in-situ tension test. But the early surface crack initiation caused by ceramic inclusion is critically harmful to the LCF property of PM Rene95 superalloy, which can't be ignored.展开更多
The strengthening effect of a Zn alloy reinforced by SiC particulate was examined. Based on the results of SEM in-situ fracture observation and stress field analysis by finite element method, it is believed that the r...The strengthening effect of a Zn alloy reinforced by SiC particulate was examined. Based on the results of SEM in-situ fracture observation and stress field analysis by finite element method, it is believed that the reinforcing effect of this composite is due to the combination of strain and stress hardening in the matrix.展开更多
Electronic commerce is quickly increasing in several countries, most notably in developing countries. A new electronic-commerce segment known as social commerce has evolved due to the popularity of social media. Consu...Electronic commerce is quickly increasing in several countries, most notably in developing countries. A new electronic-commerce segment known as social commerce has evolved due to the popularity of social media. Consumer trust is important to social commerce success and impacts purchase choices. In modern times, majority of businesses have changed how from the traditional businesses and migrated to social commerce. Electronic commerce was the first of its sort, followed by social commerce, which conducted business via social networking platforms. Identifying the factors that influence social commerce use enables businesses to enhance those features and boost revenue. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine how increased technology usage influences the social commerce activities of Ghanaian businessmen and women. A review of the literature resulted in the development of a conceptual model. Six hundred and twenty-five responses from Ghanaian enterprises and women who use e-commerce platforms were used to assess the conceptual approach. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS SEM) was used to validate the model. The reliability and validity of the measuring apparatus were determined using measurement model analysis. To examine the model’s fit and assumptions, we used structural model analysis. Five hypotheses were supported by the structural model data. Effort Expectancy, Perceived Ease of Use, Performance Expectancy, Perceived Utility, and Trust were shown to be the most influential criteria affecting behavioral intention to use s-commerce in Ghana. The findings of this research have major significance for academics and practitioners of social trade.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174047)Sinopec Project(P21063-3)。
文摘As an unconventional resource, oil shale possesses abundant reserves and significant potential for industrial applications. The rational and efficient development of oil shale resources holds immense importance in reducing national energy demand. In-situ catalytic technology, characterized by its high efficiency, low pollution, and minimal energy consumption, represents a key direction for future oil shale development. This paper provides a comprehensive review of research progress in in-situ oil shale mining technology, oil shale pyrolysis catalysts, the pyrolysis mechanism of kerogen, and the compatibility of different heating processes and catalysts. Furthermore, the paper proposes future research directions and prospects for oil shale in-situ catalytic technology, including reservoir modification, highefficiency catalyst synthesis, injection processes, and high-efficiency heating technology. These insights serve as valuable technical references for the advancement of oil shale in-situ catalytic technology.
文摘In an era dominated by artificial intelligence (AI), establishing customer confidence is crucial for the integration and acceptance of AI technologies. This interdisciplinary study examines factors influencing customer trust in AI systems through a mixed-methods approach, blending quantitative analysis with qualitative insights to create a comprehensive conceptual framework. Quantitatively, the study analyzes responses from 1248 participants using structural equation modeling (SEM), exploring interactions between technological factors like perceived usefulness and transparency, psychological factors including perceived risk and domain expertise, and organizational factors such as leadership support and ethical accountability. The results confirm the model, showing significant impacts of these factors on consumer trust and AI adoption attitudes. Qualitatively, the study includes 35 semi-structured interviews and five case studies, providing deeper insight into the dynamics shaping trust. Key themes identified include the necessity of explainability, domain competence, corporate culture, and stakeholder engagement in fostering trust. The qualitative findings complement the quantitative data, highlighting the complex interplay between technology capabilities, human perceptions, and organizational practices in establishing trust in AI. By integrating these findings, the study proposes a novel conceptual model that elucidates how various elements collectively influence consumer trust in AI. This model not only advances theoretical understanding but also offers practical implications for businesses and policymakers. The research contributes to the discourse on trust creation and decision-making in technology, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary efforts to address societal challenges associated with technological advancements. It lays the groundwork for future research, including longitudinal, cross-cultural, and industry-specific studies, to further explore consumer trust in AI.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2022YFC3104200the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China under contract No.2023ZLYS01+3 种基金the Consulting and Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering under contract Nos 2022-XY-21,2022-DFZD-35,2023-XBZD-09 and 2021-XBZD-13the Major Innovation Special Project of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Science Education Industry Integration Pilot Project under contract No.2023HYZX01Special Funds for“Mount Taishan Scholars”Construction Projectthe Special Funds of Laoshan Laboratory.
文摘In China,operational in-situ marine monitoring is the primary means of directly obtaining hydrological,meteorological,and oceanographic environmental parameters across sea areas,and it is essential for applications such as forecast of marine environment,prevention and mitigation of disaster,exploitation of marine resources,marine environmental protection,and management of transportation safety.In this paper,we summarise the composition,development courses,and present operational status of three systems of operational in-situ marine monitoring,namely coastal marine automated network station,ocean data buoy and voluntary observing ship measuring and reporting system.Additionally,we discuss the technical development in these in-situ systems and achievements in the key generic technologies along with future development trends.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB632103)the National Key Technology Support Program of China(Grant No.2015BAF24B01)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2016J05147)the Key Sci-Tech Research and Development Platform of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.2014H2002)the Provincial University Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.JK2013030)the Educational Youth Key Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.JA13210)the Scientific Research Fund of Fujian University of Technology,China(Grant No.GY-Z14073)
文摘The properties of n-Ge epilayer deposited on Si substrate with in-situ doping technology in a cold-wall ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition(UHVCVD) system are investigated.The growth temperature of 500℃ is optimal for the n-Ge growth in our equipment with a phosphorus concentration of 1018cm-3.In the n-Ge epilayer,the depth profile of phosphorus concentration is box-shaped and the tensile strain of 0.12% confirmed by x-ray diffraction measurement is introduced which results in the red shift of the photoluminescence.The enhancements of photoluminescence intensity with the increase of the doping concentration are observed,which is consistent with the modeling of the spontaneous emission spectrum for direct transition of Ge.The results are of significance for guiding the growth of n-Ge epilayer with in-situ doping technology.
基金supported by Swedish Institute of Sweden (No. 200/01954/2007/China Bilateral programme)
文摘Crack initiation, propagation and microfracture processes of austempered high silicon cast steel have been investigated by using an in-situ tensile stage installed inside a scanning electron microscope chamber. It is revealed that micro cracks always nucleate at the yielding near imperfections and the boundary of matrix-inclusions due to the stress concentration. There are four types of crack propagations in the matrix: crack propagates along the boundary of two clusters of bainitic ferrite; crack propagates along the boundary of ferrite-austenite in bainitic ferrite laths; crack propagates into bainitic ferrite laths; crack nucleates and propagates in the high carbon brittle plate shape martensite which is transformed from some blocky retained austenite due to plastic deformation. Based on the observation and analysis of microfracture processes, a schematic diagram of the crack nucleation and propagation process of high silicon cast steel is proposed.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50571047) and the National BasicResearch Program of China (No.2004CB619304).
文摘The low-cycle fatigue behavior of powder metallurgy Rene95 alloy containing surface inclusions was investigated by in-situ observation with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The process of fatigue crack initiation and early stage of propagation behavior indicates that fatigue crack mainly occurs at the interface between the inclusion and the matrix. The effect of inclusion on the fatigue crack initiation and the early stage of crack growth was very obvious. The fatigue crack growth path in the matrix is similar to the shape of inclusion made on the basis of fatigue fracture image analysis. The empiric relation between the surface and inside crack growth length, near a surface inclusion, can be expressed. Therefore, the fatigue crack growth rate or life of P/M Rene95 alloy including the inclusions can be evaluated on the basis of the measurable surface crack length parameter. In addition, the effect of two inclusions on the fatigue crack initiation behavior was investigated by the in-situ observation with SEM.
文摘As the main contribution of China's carbon emissions, low-carbon production in industrial firms becomes an inevitable choice, and industrial firm employees' attitudes on low-carbon new technology directly influence the results of low-carbon production. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the main factors influencing firm staff to accept low-carbon new technology. The study reveals that the employee's social impact, performance expectation, effort expectations and convenient conditions, and employee characteristics are all main factors affecting their acceptance attitudes on low-carbon new technology. And social influence has the largest effect on employees' acceptance attitudes toward low-carbon new technology. Accordingly, relevant policy recommendations are put forward for the future research direction.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51574201)the Research and Innovation Team of Provincial U niversities in Sichuan(18TD0014)the Excellent Youth Foundat ion of Sichuan Scientific Committee(2019JDJQ0037)
文摘In order to reflect truly the damage evolution mechanism of weak muddy intercalation in dry-wet cycles, two typical weak muddy intercalations were selected for dry-wet cycles. The mineral changes of specimens were analyzed via X-ray diffraction after dry-wet cycles. By combining in-situ SEM and digital image processing(DIP), the damage evolution process and damage characteristic parameters of each stage were obtained. The experimental results indicate that the hydration and dissolution of minerals can not be a determinant factor in structure damage. The micro-structural damage is due to disintegration of mineral aggregates, leading to changes in the number and size of cracks and pores. The damage degree of specimens is related to its initial structure, and the micro-structural damage intensifies and finally tends to stabilize with cycle times increased.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 59871007.]
文摘A special designed experiment was conducted for observing crack initiation and growth in P/M Rene95 superalloy under tension-tension loading by self-made SEM in-situ fatigue loading stag. Several alumina inclusion particles exposed at the specimen surface were observed carefully. During fatigue test inclusions led to cracks initiation. The cracks can be formed by two mechanisms. Generally, the cracks nucleated at the interface between inclusion and matrix. Sometimes, cracks were also formed inside the inclusion. As the increase of cycles, some cracks at the interface between inclusion and matrix broadened and propagated along the direction about 45 degrees to the loading axis. On the other hand, the cracks inside the inclusion propagated in the inclusion and towards matrix.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.59871007)PM Rene95 materialofferi
文摘The observation on crack initiation and propagation of surface inclusion Al2O3 in seeded PM Rene95 was conducted by SEM in-situ tension test. The results show that the cracks often initiate at the inclusion/matrix interface vertical to the applied stress direction, and easily propagate along the interface into the matrix. The interface of inclusion/matrix is just mechanically bounded on the base of SEM observation. The weak bonding of inclusion/matrix interface and stress concentration around inclusions are the main reasons of the matrix/inclusion interface debonding and local plastic deformation under the tensile loading in the in-situ tension test. Surface inclusion does not definitely lead to the failure of in-situ tension test. But the early surface crack initiation caused by ceramic inclusion is critically harmful to the LCF property of PM Rene95 superalloy, which can't be ignored.
基金This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.59971017).
文摘The strengthening effect of a Zn alloy reinforced by SiC particulate was examined. Based on the results of SEM in-situ fracture observation and stress field analysis by finite element method, it is believed that the reinforcing effect of this composite is due to the combination of strain and stress hardening in the matrix.
文摘Electronic commerce is quickly increasing in several countries, most notably in developing countries. A new electronic-commerce segment known as social commerce has evolved due to the popularity of social media. Consumer trust is important to social commerce success and impacts purchase choices. In modern times, majority of businesses have changed how from the traditional businesses and migrated to social commerce. Electronic commerce was the first of its sort, followed by social commerce, which conducted business via social networking platforms. Identifying the factors that influence social commerce use enables businesses to enhance those features and boost revenue. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine how increased technology usage influences the social commerce activities of Ghanaian businessmen and women. A review of the literature resulted in the development of a conceptual model. Six hundred and twenty-five responses from Ghanaian enterprises and women who use e-commerce platforms were used to assess the conceptual approach. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS SEM) was used to validate the model. The reliability and validity of the measuring apparatus were determined using measurement model analysis. To examine the model’s fit and assumptions, we used structural model analysis. Five hypotheses were supported by the structural model data. Effort Expectancy, Perceived Ease of Use, Performance Expectancy, Perceived Utility, and Trust were shown to be the most influential criteria affecting behavioral intention to use s-commerce in Ghana. The findings of this research have major significance for academics and practitioners of social trade.