Correlation between hardness and SEM-EDS characterization of palm oil waste based biocoke

This research investigates the relationship between hardness and microstructure obtained through SEM-EDS analysis of palm oil waste-based biocoke.The mechanical qualities and chemical composition of biocoke are being studied concerning the influence of temperature conditions.The manufacturing temperature of biocoke may vary between 150℃ and 190℃.Utilizing SEM-EDS,we were able to characterize the microstructure and analyze the elemental composition,while the Hardness Shore D approach was used for the most complex materials.These results highlight the possibility of optimizing production temperature to produce biocoke with better mechanical performance.They show a positive correlation between biocoke hardness and structured carbon content.At 150℃ and 180℃,respectively,the EFB biocoke reached its maximum hardness level of 62±5.At 190℃,OPM biocoke generated a 60±5 times greater hardness than that of OPM and OPF biocoke.The OPT biocoke sample had the highest porosity with a score of 0.86,or 85.76%.Furthermore,compared to EFB biocoke,OPM and OPF biocokes had a priority of 0.84(84.20%)and 0.83(83.48%),respectively.Biocoke hardness is a quality indicator of physical and chemical qualities;the vital link between biocoke hardness,structural features,and elemental composition supports this idea.

SEM-EDS结合结垢趋势模拟软件在反渗透膜污堵原因分析中的应用

回用水系统中,反渗透膜的污堵问题经常发生。而污堵的原因常常难以确定,进而导致无法从根本上解决污堵问题。详细阐述了先利用SEM-EDS分析反渗透膜微观结构污堵情况和污堵物元素分布,确定污堵物主要成分,再利用结垢趋势模拟软件模拟出反渗透系统最佳运行条件,从而解决反渗透膜污堵问题的过程和方法。从实际应用案例来看,SEM-EDS结合结垢趋势模拟软件可以快速准确的找到膜系统污堵原因,并从根本上解决污堵问题。

Determination of Egg Shell Structure and Mineral Composition Using SEM-EDS and Identification the Possibility to Produce Fertilizer

Throwing out egg shells without using them depreciates a vital source of calcium. As an egg shell contains twice the amount of calcium a person needs a day, it is considered as the richest source of calcium of natural origin. Egg shells have been traditionally and widely used in medicine, beauty science and food production for decades. In spite of that, there is a lack of new solutions that profoundly study mineral elements and beneficial components contained in egg shells for further usage as a product. Assuming we consume 2 eggs a day, the yearly consumption for a person is 730 eggs. As beneficial component, the egg shell structure and mineral elements, were determined in 3 types of samples (Mongolian eggs, Russian eggs, and iodized eggs) by SEM-EDS (Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy), a state-of-the-art research method. Consequently, it was established that egg shells consists of Ca (72.6% - 85.7%), Mg (2.7% - 4.5%), Si (0.3% - 0.6%), P (7.0% - 18.1%), S (0.5% - 2.0%), K (0.4% - 0.9%), I (2.6% - 3.0%), respectively. Additionally, the D3.8 × 120, 250, 500, and 1000 times zoomed images of shell structure (SEM) of each sample were examined, and the results were compared and evaluated. The reverse titration method examination has demonstrated that the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content in egg shells is 91% - 92.5%, and pH is 8.41 - 8.75. Ultimately, fertilizer containing 97.7% Ca without chemical additives has been extracted by grounding the eggshells to 4.4 μm, then preparing the mixture at the rate of 20:0.5 (shell: mix, enriched with mandarin and lemon peel) and adjusting its pH to 7.5 - 8.0. Further research on the impact of fertilizer on growing process of indoor flowers has been commenced.

SEM-EDS组合手段对加氢催化剂失活的分析及应用

针对加氢催化剂失活现象,在X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)宏观分析的基础上,进一步采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)结合的多种组合手段进行多维微观分析。结果表明,XRF元素对比分析结果可以在宏观层面反映P、Si和Fe元素含量的增加是催化剂失活的原因;SEM-EDS结合的面扫描、线扫描、点扫描和微区扫描等微观层面的对比分析结果均显示,催化剂表面异常沉积含P、Si和Fe元素的杂质,尤其是含P元素的杂质,覆盖催化剂表面或沉积在催化剂孔道中导致催化剂失活。基于具体的研究目标,XRF分析与一种或几种SEM-EDS组合手段的有效结合可为催化剂失活的分析研究提供“定制化”分析支撑。

江西德兴斑岩铜钼矿床流体包裹体子矿物SEM-EDS研究及其对成矿流体性质的制约

江西德兴斑岩铜钼矿床Q+Py±Cp±Cc脉、(黄铁)绢英岩和Q+Py+Mo±Cp脉中发育大量多相(透明、暗色子矿物)包裹体。本文以详细的显微观察和流体包裹体岩相学观察为基础,利用SEM-EDS(扫描电镜-X射线能谱仪)对多相包裹体内的子矿物进行了系统的鉴定。分析结果表明,Q+Py±Cp±Cc脉石英中发育的透明子矿物包括绢云母、石盐、水氯镁石、白云石、铁氯化物、磷灰石和含稀土元素磷酸盐;暗色子矿物包括赤铁矿、铁氧化物和黄铜矿。(黄铁)绢英岩石英和黄铁矿中透明子矿物包括石盐、(硬)石膏、绢云母、硫酸镁、菱镁矿、六水泻盐和(Fe、Cu、Mg)碳酸盐和硫酸盐,暗色子矿物包括磁铁矿、赤铁矿、金红石和黄铜矿;Q+Py+Mo±Cp脉石英包裹体中发育的子矿物相对较少,透明子矿物包括石盐、菱铁矿和钾长石;暗色矿物为赤铁矿。它们中发育种类繁多的子矿物,表明热液的化学成分非常复杂,多种盐类以及高氧化态子矿物出现指示流体具有高盐度-高氧化态的特征。此外,还鉴别出了黄铜矿、赤铁矿和磁铁矿等金属矿物,这表明热液含有丰富的成矿物质,这些成矿物质随物理化学条件的变化以黄铜矿等金属矿物从热液中沉淀下来,形成了矿床内的主要矿体。结合蚀变矿物组成观察,我们认为Q+Py±Cp±Cc脉、(黄铁)绢英岩和Q+Py+Mo±Cp脉中子矿物组成很可能不代表原始流体的化学成分,因为它们在很大程度上受到了热液蚀变作用的影响,围岩矿物由于水-岩反应被分解,同时释放出Na、Ca、Mg、Fe等元素进入热液,形成了上述种类多样的子矿物。通过流体包裹体岩相学观察发现,(黄铁)绢英岩和中Q+Py+Mo±Cp脉含石盐多相包裹体通常与富气包裹体或者CO2包裹体紧密共生,这表明热液在被捕获前发生了相分离(或沸腾)作用,而这一过程必然会导致富液包裹体盐度的升高,因此不能排除这些高盐包裹体是由中低盐度流体发生相分离而形成的可能性。Q+Py±Cp±Cc脉中发育的稀土子矿物指示成脉流体具有高盐度-低pH-含CO2的特征,而这类子矿物在(黄铁)绢英岩和Q+Py+Mo±Cp脉中不发育的原因可能是CO2与液相发生了相分离作用。

华北东南缘霍邱群BIF的SEM-EDS和XRD研究及其地质意义

安徽霍邱群铁矿田位于华北克拉通东南缘,是一个大型BIF铁矿田。前人对其开展了大量的构造地质学、岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究,获得了很多重要的成果。首次对采自班台子和张庄钻孔中的BIF样品进行了扫描电镜(SEM)配合X射线能量散射能谱仪(EDS)和多晶X射线衍射(XRD)分析。分析结果显示,BIF中的主要矿物有磁铁矿、石英、长石、角闪石和方解石等。这一结果不仅与前人对霍邱群BIF的岩石学研究结果一致,也与华北其它大部分地区的BIF组成矿物一致。结合霍邱群地质资料和岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究结果,本研究认为霍邱群BIF属阿尔戈马型铁矿,形成于弧后盆地构造环境。

SEM-EDS研究NiMo/Al_2O_3催化剂失活机理

收集了炼油厂失活的加氢精制镍钼催化剂，用扫描电子显微镜观察反应前后样品的形貌变化及微区成分分析，对催化剂不同部位的组成进行剖析。结果表明：催化剂外层沉积了大量磷、铁、硫及少量钾和钙等物质，这些呈鱼鳞状的物质覆盖了催化剂上的镍钼活性中心，并覆盖了催化剂外表面，使吸附的沥青质无法与活性中心接触，从而导致催化剂失活。从催化剂外层向内层，磷的含量迅速下降，而铁、钙和钾等元素主要分布在催化剂的外表面，硫以硫酸根和硫化物的形式存在。热处理和水洗方式不能恢复催化剂活性中心，但通过热处理可除去积炭。

基于SEM-EDS及GC-MS技术研究有机氯分子结构对零价铜脱氯机制的影响

零价铜作为一种廉价金属很少应用于促进氯代有机物脱氯研究,其原因是零价铜的催化还原脱氯活性差,且反应机制复杂。本文采用机械球磨技术制备了Cu-Fe和Cu-Ni合金,研究零价铜在不同微观环境下对对氯苯酚(4-CP)的脱氯行为,旨在考察有机氯分子结构对零价铜脱氯机制的影响。应用扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)及色相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析发现,铜原子的微环境及有机氯分子结构均影响铜的脱氯机制。在Cu-Fe体系中,Cu遵循经典的催化加氢脱氯机制,4-CP的降解产物为苯酚;Cu-Ni体系的还原作用来源于零价铜,其中的镍金属并未起到催化加氢作用,Cu-Ni合金及单独零价铜对4-CP的降解产物是环己酮。零价铜对4-CP的降解率可达70%以上,而Cu-Fe体系的降解率仅为34%,两者对芳香族氯代物的降解效率差距显著。零价铜能够降解化学稳定性高的4-CP和苯酚,但不能降解化学稳定性相对较差的脂肪族氯代有机物(如一氯乙酸和二氯乙酸),因此认为零价铜脱氯机制并非传统的催化加氢机制,而是遵循直接电子传递还原机制,且有机氯分子的苯环结构是零价铜直接电子传递还原的诱因。

Plasma diagnostics by optical emission spectroscopy on manganese ore in conjunction with XRD, XRF and SEM-EDS

Manganese(Mn) is an important industrial mineral.Information about the chemical and phase constitution along with the concentration of impurities presented in Mn ore is compulsory in assessing its suitability for different applications.We performed the qualitative and quantitative analysis of low-grade Mn ore(LGMO) using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) in conjunction with x-ray diffraction(XRD), x-ray fluorescence(XRF) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) coupled with energy dispersive x-ray electron spectroscopy(EDS).The optical emission spectra of the LGMO sample displayed the presence of Mn, Si, Ca, Fe, Al, Mg,V, Ti, Sr, Ni, Na, Ba and Li.The plasma parameters, electron temperature and number density were estimated using the Boltzmann plot and Stark broadening line profile methods and were found to be 7500 K±750 K and 8.18±0.8×1017 cm-3, respectively.Quantitative analysis was performed using the calibration-free LIBS(CF-LIBS) method and its outcome along with XRD, XRF and SEM-EDS data showed almost analogous elemental composition, while the LIBS method gave acceptably precise elemental analysis by detecting the low atomic number element Li besides V and Sr.The results obtained using LIBS for the LGMO exhibited its ability as a powerful analytical tool and XRF, XRD and SEM-EDS as complementary methods for the compositional analysis of complex low-grade mineral ore.

SEM-EDS法检测土壤微粒元素含量

粒径在微米量级的粉尘微粒由于极易通过呼吸、食入或皮肤接触等途径进入人体而危害人类健康,已逐渐成为环境安全领域的一个重要问题,而不同粒径微粒中有害元素含量是衡量其对人体危害的重要依据。采用SEM-EDS法对国家标准土壤样品进行研究,获得了5~50μm的粒径范围内标准土壤样品中Si、Al、Fe和Cu元素含量的粒径分布规律。通过使用含Si微米颗粒进行定标,发现在该粒径范围内土壤微粒中的Si元素含量同标准物质认定证书中给出的含量基本相同。实验结果表明:SEM-EDS法可对粒径在μm量级的颗粒物质进行精确的元素含量分析。

Fast Dating of Yongzheng Copper Coins in Tsing Empire by SEM-EDS

Twenty Yongzheng copper coins were fast dating by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer with scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS) according to official ingredient. The 20 coins were classified in two groups according to the results. Group 1 represents the coins minted before AD 1 728 and group 2 represents the coins minted after AD 1 728. At concentration range (0.00%–5.13%), the distribution of lead is not homogeneous in the coins, and the largest diameter of lead inclusion is less than 15 μm. The official fineness degrade is supported. Key words archaeometry - Yongzheng coins - dating - SEM-EDS CLC number O 69 - K 854.2 Foundation item: Supported by the Project of Instrument Upgraded of Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaBiography: Lei Jun-feng (1975-), male, Ph. D, research direction: numismatic archaeology and instrument analysis.

Forming Mechanism and Morphology of CaSO4·H2O by SEM-EDS and ICP

To promote the development of 3D printing materials,gypsum powders used in 3D printing were analyzed in detailthrough SEM-EDS and ICP.The forming mechanism and morphology of CaSO4·χH2O powders were analyzed and confirmed.Furthermore,the printing mechanism of gypsum powders was analyzed and discussed.According to the results of SME-EDS analysis and ICP detection,the factors affecting the forming accuracy,strength,surface quality and reliability of CaSO4·χH2O crystalwere found in this paper.Adding a variety of additives to change the performance of calcium sulfate would be the further research.

XRPD and SEM-EDS Identification of a Mineralogical Standards Kit Forming a 19th Century Collection for Educational Analysis

An historical collection of more than one hundred samples of minerals and ore, used in the second half of the XVIII century was found and acquired during Munich Mineralientage 2014. The samples contained in numbered glass vials but lacking description, were prepared for teaching purpose about determinative mineralogy and ore recognition. All samples were analysed and identified. The identification effort drove the authors along a historical excursus about the didactics of mineralogy and the dry method analysis, nowadays neglected.

阴极弧离子镀TiCN涂层的SEM-EDS面扫描与线扫描分析（英文）

采用阴极弧离子镀在Cr12MoV冷作模具钢表面制备了TiCN涂层,通过扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析了涂层表面化学元素的面分布和界面化学元素的线分布。讨论了涂层界面结合机理,用划痕法对结合强度进行了表征分析。结果表明,涂层主要是由TiN、TiC和C原子组成,其中TiN和TiC提高了涂层硬度,C原子改善了涂层摩擦润滑性能;涂层中N原子分数超过C原子分数,界面结合处发生了相互扩散,涂层中C原子扩散量最大,基体中Si原子扩散量最大,涂层与基体形成了冶金结合,利用划痕法测定TiCN涂层结合强度为79.6 N。

SEM-EDS解析药物对玻璃注射剂瓶内表面的侵蚀程度

目的研究碱性药物对直接接触的低硼硅玻璃注射剂瓶内表面的侵蚀情况,考察药品包装材料与药物的相容性。方法采用扫描电镜观察灌装注射用帕瑞昔布钠的低硼硅玻璃注射剂瓶内表面,并结合X射线能谱仪确证侵蚀部位。结果通过对低硼硅玻璃注射剂瓶内表面的扫描电镜图的研究,显示阳性对照样品能较好区分不同的侵蚀程度,加速试验的各时期样品均未发生明显侵蚀现象。结论扫描电镜结合X射线能谱仪能直观显示低硼硅玻璃注射剂瓶内表面结构被接触药物侵蚀的程度,可作为药包材和药物相容性的评价依据。

扫描电子显微镜-能谱分析仪(SEM-EDS)中面扫描法在高分子材料失效分析中的应用

高分子材料因具有良好的加工特性及质量轻等优点而得到广泛应用,使用过程中高分子材料产生的失效问题需要重点关注。扫描电子显微镜-能谱分析仪具有分析形貌和元素,在金属材料失效分析领域应用较多,对于高分子材料的研究相对较少。本文首先应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对阻燃PA6失效制件、增强PC/ABS合金光老化失效制件进行形貌表征,得到的形貌数据可以明显看出失效部位与正常位置存在明显差异;另外利用扫描电子显微镜-能谱分析仪(SEM-EDS)中面扫描工具对失效区域进行元素分布分析,发现分散不均组分或异常组分的特征元素呈现了特征分布,根据面扫描的结果可以判断失效的原因或机理。该方法对于分析含有特征元素组分的高分子材料失效原因或研究高分子材料的老化机理具有很好的应用,对于研究高分子材料失效分析具有重要意义。

木质纤维对充填体力学特性的影响研究

木质纤维材料凭借其强韧性、吸附性、组成元素简单的优势,在土木工程和环境工程领域得到广泛使用。为研究其作为添加剂对充填体力学性能的影响,通过充填体强度测试实验,结合SEM电镜扫描实验、EDS实验、XRD能谱分析实验,观察充填体内部水化反应程度。研究结果表明:在一定添加范围内,木质纤维提高了充填体的抗压强度,且作用效果随着灰砂比、料浆浓度的变化而改变;在应力-变形曲线峰前阶段,纤维充填体具有较高的弹性模量,在峰后阶段,纤维充填体具有较大的残余强度,能够储存的能量较高。充填体在失稳破坏后断裂而不垮,表现出良好的塑性变形;同时,木质纤维的添加利于充填体内部水化反应,内部絮状结构明显增多,增加了充填体的强度。

热网加热器管子腐蚀原因及防护措施分析

某燃气蒸汽联合循环机组热网加热器管子发生腐蚀及穿孔现象,影响整个热电厂的运行情况,甚至直接导致设备停运,造成冬季供热中断。现场截取泄漏管子,采用扫描电子显微镜-能谱分析仪分析观察了管子的成分、组织结构及腐蚀产物特征,综合服役环境和材料两方面的信息,分析讨论了腐蚀原因。结果表明:含氯、硫杂质在加热器管子内壁附着导致电化学腐蚀是该不锈钢管腐蚀的原因,并提出相应防护措施,保证加热器安全稳定运行,以期为电厂热网加热器管子腐蚀预防提供借鉴。

环糊精与SEM-25多聚准轮烷的制备及表征

SEM-25与环糊精(CD,Cyclodextrin)的包合反应有选择性,可分别与-αCD和-γCD作用形成"管型"多聚准轮烷,但与-βCD不发生作用。分别用FT-IR、XRD1、HNMR等方法对包合物结构进行了表征。研究结果表明,环糊精不仅可以与SEM-25的聚氧乙烯主链段形成准轮烷,还可以与其端基上的苯基形成包合物。