Phytoremediation is becoming a cost-effective technology for the in-situ clean up of sites polluted with hydrophobic organic contaminants （HOCs）. The major factors limiting phytoremediation are the mass transfer, ra...Phytoremediation is becoming a cost-effective technology for the in-situ clean up of sites polluted with hydrophobic organic contaminants （HOCs）. The major factors limiting phytoremediation are the mass transfer, rate of plant uptake, and microbial biodegradation of HOCs. This article discusses the potential of surfactants to enhance desorption, plant uptake, and biodegradation of HOCs in the contaminated sites. Positive effects of surfactants on phytoremediation have been recently observed in greenhouse studies. The presence of some nonionic surfactants including polyoxyethylene sorbltan monooleate （Tween 80） and polyoxyethylene（23）dodecanol （Brij35） at relatively low concentrations resulted in significant positive effects on phytoremediation for pyrene-contaminated soil. However, the anionic surfactant （sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS） and the cationic surfactant （cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTMAB） were not useful because of their phytotoxicity or low efficiency for surfactant-enhanced phytoremediation （SEPR）. The mechanisms of SEPR for HOC-contaminated sites were evaluated by considering experimental observations. In view of concerns about the cost effectiveness and toxicity of surfactants to plants, more research is needed to enhance the use of SEPR technology.展开更多
以欧盟新发布的法规EU2015/1095和中国国家标准GB/T 21363—2008设定的压缩冷凝机组能效限定值为主题,以中温型的风冷型压缩冷凝机组为研究对象,展示了不同工况下机组的能效比值。研究表明,中欧标准能效限定值的不同主要是蒸发温度的设...以欧盟新发布的法规EU2015/1095和中国国家标准GB/T 21363—2008设定的压缩冷凝机组能效限定值为主题,以中温型的风冷型压缩冷凝机组为研究对象,展示了不同工况下机组的能效比值。研究表明,中欧标准能效限定值的不同主要是蒸发温度的设定值不同造成的。对于5 k W以下压缩冷凝机组,中国的能效限定值要比欧盟标准高;对于5 k W以上的机组,中国应尽快根据国家气候制定相应的季节能效比限定值。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20507009)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET) of the Ministry of Education of China,the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Outstanding Young Scientist (No.BK2006518)and the International Foundation for Science (No.C/3958-1).
文摘Phytoremediation is becoming a cost-effective technology for the in-situ clean up of sites polluted with hydrophobic organic contaminants （HOCs）. The major factors limiting phytoremediation are the mass transfer, rate of plant uptake, and microbial biodegradation of HOCs. This article discusses the potential of surfactants to enhance desorption, plant uptake, and biodegradation of HOCs in the contaminated sites. Positive effects of surfactants on phytoremediation have been recently observed in greenhouse studies. The presence of some nonionic surfactants including polyoxyethylene sorbltan monooleate （Tween 80） and polyoxyethylene（23）dodecanol （Brij35） at relatively low concentrations resulted in significant positive effects on phytoremediation for pyrene-contaminated soil. However, the anionic surfactant （sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS） and the cationic surfactant （cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTMAB） were not useful because of their phytotoxicity or low efficiency for surfactant-enhanced phytoremediation （SEPR）. The mechanisms of SEPR for HOC-contaminated sites were evaluated by considering experimental observations. In view of concerns about the cost effectiveness and toxicity of surfactants to plants, more research is needed to enhance the use of SEPR technology.
文摘以欧盟新发布的法规EU2015/1095和中国国家标准GB/T 21363—2008设定的压缩冷凝机组能效限定值为主题,以中温型的风冷型压缩冷凝机组为研究对象,展示了不同工况下机组的能效比值。研究表明,中欧标准能效限定值的不同主要是蒸发温度的设定值不同造成的。对于5 k W以下压缩冷凝机组,中国的能效限定值要比欧盟标准高;对于5 k W以上的机组,中国应尽快根据国家气候制定相应的季节能效比限定值。
