嘧菌酯及SHAM对4种植物病原真菌的活性和作用方式研究

【目的】明确嘧菌酯对4种病原真菌的活性及旁路氧化酶抑制剂水杨肟酸(SHAM)的协同增效作用,探讨嘧菌酯抑制菌丝呼吸的作用机理及旁路氧化的作用。【方法】测定嘧菌酯单独使用或和SHAM协同使用对病原真菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制及对其它生物学性状的影响。利用氧电极溶氧仪测定嘧菌酯及SHAM对4种病原真菌菌丝呼吸耗氧的影响。【结果】嘧菌酯对辣椒炭疽病菌(辣椒炭疽)、黄瓜灰霉病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、稻瘟病菌的菌丝生长,对辣椒炭疽病菌、黄瓜灰霉病菌和稻瘟病菌的孢子萌发、孢子产生,对水稻纹枯病菌的菌核生成有抑制作用以及对辣椒炭疽病菌和稻瘟病菌的黑色素形成稍有延缓作用。SHAM对嘧菌酯毒力有显著的增效作用。菌丝耗氧率测定表明嘧菌酯在作用的初始阶段对4种病原真菌的菌丝呼吸均有抑制,抑制作用随药剂浓度提高而增强。随处理时间延长,菌丝恢复呼吸且呼吸作用的恢复不受SHAM抑制。【结论】延长处理时间情况下嘧菌酯丧失对菌丝呼吸耗氧的抑制作用,不是旁路氧化作用引起的,而是存在其它机制。

高产柠檬酸的SHAM特性黑曲霉突变株的选育

研究了SHAM (水杨酸氧肟酸 )对产酸的影响。 5mg/ 6 0mL的SHAM基本抑制柠檬酸的产生。当W 3菌株在加有 10mg/ 10mLSHAM(L1)的平板上生长时 ,只能着生 10 %的孢子 ,在加有 2 0mg/ 10mLSHAM (L2 )的平板上生长时不能着生孢子。据此选育出不能够在L1平板上着生孢子的SHAM敏感株和在L2平板上能够着生孢子的SHAM抗性株。通过发酵试验 ,SHAMS- 2菌株产柠檬酸比出发菌株W 3高 4 0 % ,转化率达到 91 7%

Specific cerebral activation following true and sham Waiguan(SJ 5) needling Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence

Positive activation and negative activation of glucose metabolism can be detected in different brain regions under acupuncture conditions using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） which reveals acupoint function and location-acupoint specificity. This study observed the regional cerebral activation of the Waiguan （SJ 5） acupoint following true needling at the true Waiguan acupoint, sham needling at the true Waiguan acupoint and true needling at a sham point using fMRI. The fMRI results demonstrated that compared with sham needling, true needling at Waiguan activated the BA8 area and left cerebellum. Compared with needling at the sham point, needling at Waiguan activated the BA2 area, the left cerebellum and the right inferior semilunar lobule. Thus the activated brain areas caused by needling Waiguan may be the basis for treatment of certain diseases.

模拟纳米材料计算的Kohn-Sham方程法

密度泛函理论是模拟纳米材料结构的有效方法 ,其主要工具是 Kohn- Sham(K- S)方程。文中利用N.Argamam与 G.Makov(2 0 0 0 )的思想来处理该方程 。

Acupuncture at Waiguan(SJ5) and sham points influences activation of functional brain areas of ischemic stroke patients: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Most studies addressing the specificity of meridians and acupuncture points have focused mainly on the different neural effects of acupuncture at different points in healthy individuals. This study examined the effects of acupuncture on brain function in a pathological context. Sixteen patients with ischemic stroke were randomly assigned to true point group （true acupuncture at right Waiguan （SJ5）） and sham point group （sham acupuncture）. Results of functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed activation in right parietal lobe （Brodmann areas 7 and 19）, the right temporal lobe （Brodmann area 39）, the right limbic lobe （Brodmann area 23） and bilateral oc-cipital lobes （Brodmann area 18）. Furthermore, inhibition of bilateral frontal lobes （Brodmann area 4, 6, and 45）, right parietal lobe （Brodmann areas 1 and 5） and left temporal lobe （Brodmann area 21 ） were observed in the true point group. Activation in the precuneus of right parietal lobe （Brodmann area 7） and inhibition of the left superior frontal gyrus （Brodmann area 10） was observed in the sham group. Compared with sham acupuncture, acupuncture at Waiguan in stroke patients inhibited Brodmann area 5 on the healthy side. Results indicated that the altered specificity of sensation-associated cortex （Brodmann area 5） is possibly associated with a central mechanism of acupuncture at Waiguan for stroke patients.

氢原子Kohn Sham方程有限元MATLAB实验

求解氢原子Kohn Sham方程的特征值问题是数学物理界的热点问题之一,给出了用协调有限元法求解该问题的MATLAB源程序,并在PC计算机上计算出了前几个特征值。

Activity of Azoxystrobin and SHAM to Four Phytopathogens

The study was conducted to make clear the activity of azoxystrobin to 4 plant pathogens and the synergistic effects of salicylhydroxamic acid （SHAM）, which acted on the alternative oxidase. It was also conducted to be aware of the mechanism of azoxystrobin in inhibition on mycelial respiration and the influence of SHAM. The activity test of azoxystrobin and SHAM was carried out with a mycelial linear growth test and spore germination test. Other related biological properties were also observed. Inhibition of azoxystrobin and SHAM on 4 pathogens was determined by using SP-II oxygraph system. Azoxystrobin inhibited mycelial growth in Colletotrichum capsici, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Magnaporthe grisea, respectively; it also inhibited conidia germination, and conidia production in C. capsici, B. cinerea M. grisea, and sclerotia formation in R. solani. Moreover, it created stayed pigment biosynthesis in C. capsici and M. grisea somehow. Salicylhydroxamic acid enhanced inhibition by azoxystrobin. An oxygen consuming test of the mycelia showed that azoxystrobin inhibited all the 4 fungi＇s respiration in the early stages. With the concentration rising up, the effectiveness increased. However, as time went on, the respiration of the mycelia treated with fungicides recovered and SHAM could not inhibit the oxygen consuming. This reaction between the mycelia and the fungicides appeared not to initiate alternative respiration but rather the other mechanism created a lack of efficacy.

Kohn-Sham Density Matrix and the Kernel Energy Method

The kernel energy method(KEM) has been shown to provide fast and accurate molecular energy calculations for molecules at their equilibrium geometries.KEM breaks a molecule into smaller subsets,called kernels,for the purposes of calculation.The results from the kernels are summed according to an expression characteristic of KEM to obtain the full molecule energy.A generalization of the kernel expansion to density matrices provides the full molecule density matrix and orbitals.In this study,the kernel expansion for the density matrix is examined in the context of density functional theory(DFT) Kohn-Sham(KS) calculations.A kernel expansion for the one-body density matrix analogous to the kernel expansion for energy is defined,and is then converted into a normalizedprojector by using the Clinton algorithm.Such normalized projectors are factorizable into linear combination of atomic orbitals(LCAO) matrices that deliver full-molecule Kohn-Sham molecular orbitals in the atomic orbital basis.Both straightforward KEM energies and energies from a normalized,idempotent density matrix obtained from a density matrix kernel expansion to which the Clinton algorithm has been applied are compared to reference energies obtained from calculations on the full system without any kernel expansion.Calculations were performed both for a simple proof-of-concept system consisting of three atoms in a linear configuration and for a water cluster consisting of twelve water molecules.In the case of the proof-of-concept system,calculations were performed using the STO-3 G and6-31 G(d,p) bases over a range of atomic separations,some very far from equilibrium.The water cluster was calculated in the 6-31 G(d,p) basis at an equilibrium geometry.The normalized projector density energies are more accurate than the straightforward KEM energy results in nearly all cases.In the case of the water cluster,the energy of the normalized projector is approximately four times more accurate than the straightforward KEM energy result.The KS density matrices of this study are applicable to quantum crystallography.

Sham氏试验筛检结肠脉瘤初探

大肠癌及其最常见最主要的癌前病变—腺瘤,起病毫无症状,筛检效果极不明显,所以大肠癌一经发现,多属晚期,预后很差.因此该瘤防治的首要任务是如何早期发现、早期切除大肠腺瘤,做好大肠癌的二级预防工作.1988年,Shamsuddin利用癌变和癌前病变粘膜所产生的粘液T抗原暴露这一特征,首次使用于大肠癌筛检(简称Sham氏法),取得良效.我们用Sham氏法的原理所制成的Go-S试纸(福建三强生化有限公司产品)筛检大肠癌及腺瘤,评估Sham氏法在我国大肠癌普查中的筛检价值,报告如下.1

一种简化的Kohn-Sham方程推导方法

基于Legendre转换法进一步简化了密度泛函Kohn-Sham方程的推导。与Legendre转换法相同,新推导过程设定一个代替原外势算符V_(ext)(r)和库伦算符W[ρ(r)]的未知新外势算符V_(ext)(r)。算符V_(ext)(r)、W[ρ(r)]和V_(next)(r)对应的能量分别记为E_(Vext)[ρ]、E_(W)[ρ]和E_(Vnext)[ρ]。原Legendre方法仅把动能T[ρ]从总能量中提取出来。而本文把动能T[ρ]和交换相关势能E_(xc)[ρ]同时从总能量中提取出来,得出"新体系总能量减去外势能E_(Vnext)[ρ]等于原体系总能量减去外势能EVext[ρ]和库伦能E_(W)[ρ]"这一关键等式。对这个关键等式进行泛函微分即得新外势算符V_(ext)(r)的表达式。从而同时避开了动能算符T和交换相关能算符V_(xc)[ρ(r)]对密度函数ρ的泛函微分。

Neuronal activation by acupuncture at Yongquan(KI1) and sham acupoints in patients with disorder of consciousness: a positron emission tomography study

Disorder of consciousness （DOC） is one of the most serious sequelae of brain injury, and is challenging for neurologists and rehabilitation special- ists to manage because of its refractory nature （Whyte et al., 2013）. Acu- puncture is a traditional Chinese medicine technique that is often used to help improve the level of consciousness in patients with DOC. However, the responses to stimulation of acupoints in patients with DOC are not fully understood.

广义Kohn-Sham理论能量分解分析方法及其在金属配位体系中的应用

能量分解分析(EDA)方法是一种研究分子相互作用的定量分析理论方法,在分子自组装、药物设计、化学反应机理、力场发展等各个领域得到广泛应用.最近本课题组发展的广义Kohn-Sham能量分解分析方法(GKS-EDA)可以进行各种环境下化学成键和分子相互作用的定量分析研究,克服了现有方法的诸多限制和不足.本文简述了GKS-EDA方法的理论背景,并介绍其在金属配位相互作用方面的应用.

Effect of sham feeding on gastrointestinal hormone and the quality of bowel preparation in patients with Polyethylene Glycol Electrolytes solution

Objective:To investigate whether sham feeding before colonoscopy can effect gastrointestinal hormone and compliance of colonoscopy patients when taking polyethylene glycol solution,so as to provide reference for effective intervention programs.Methods:A total of 110 patients undergoing colonoscopy were randomized into a control group and an sham feeding group,with 55 patients in each group.Patients in control group only received polyethylene glycol(PEG)solution before colonoscopy.Patients in gum group chewed gum after taking PEG solution.Serum motilin,gastrin and cholecystokinin were tested with ELISA assay.Intestinal tract cleanliness was assessed by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale and patients'discomfort and intake compliance by a self-designed questionnaire.Results:The serum motilin of sham feeding for 4 h were lower than that of control group,the incidence of abdominal distention and nausea in sham feeding group was lower than that in control group,and the intake compliance and the speed of peristalsis was better,but there was no statistical significance found in the total score of intestinal tract cleanliness,difficulty and time of endoscopic operation.There was no statistical significance between the two groups regarding cecal intubation rate and colonoscopic findings.Conclusions:patients with gum chewing increase serum motilin and accelerating speed of peristalsis,it can not enhances colonoscopy bowel preparation quality,but improved abdominal discomfort,and intake adherence of patients in colonoscopy preparation.

KSSOLV-GPU:an Efficient GPU-Enabled MATLAB Toolbox for Solving the Kohn-Sham Equations within Density Functional Theory in Plane-Wave Basis Set

KSSOLV(Kohn-Sham Solver)is a MATLAB(Matrix Laboratory)toolbox for solving the Kohn-Sham density functional theory(KS-DFT)with the plane-wave basis set.In the KS-DFT calculations,the most expensive part is commonly the diagonalization of Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian in the self-consistent field(SCF)scheme.To enable a personal computer to perform medium-sized KS-DFT calculations that contain hundreds of atoms,we present a hybrid CPU-GPU implementation to accelerate the iterative diagonalization algorithms implemented in KSSOLV by using the MATLAB built-in Parallel Computing Toolbox.We compare the performance of KSSOLV-GPU on three types of GPU,including RTX3090,V100,and A100,with conventional CPU implementation of KSSOLV respectively and numerical results demonstrate that hybrid CPU-GPU implementation can achieve a speedup of about 10 times compared with sequential CPU calculations for bulk silicon systems containing up to 128 atoms.

Active sham cupping therapy technique:identification of limitations and suggesting enhancements

Cupping therapy is an ancient healing modality that has been used for thousands of years.There are two types of sham cupping techniques:passive type which used no suction,and active type which suction was rapidly released through a hole on the top of the cup.This narrative review aimed to identify limitations and suggest enhancements in the current use of active sham cupping therapy technique.Three medical databases were searched for identification of clinical trials that used active sham cupping device.201 published papers were retrieved.195 papers were excluded after applying inclusion/exclusion criteria.Finally,6 clinical trials were selected for this review.This paper identified multiple limitations of the active sham cupping procedure which include failure of blinding,heterogenicity of the characteristics of used devices including heterogenicity in reporting active sham cupping intervention,and the limitation of the sham technique to be used for dry cupping only.The recommended enhancements included using bigger cups holes for release of suction,standardization of characteristics of used sham devices,standardization in reporting,and suggesting recruiting patients without prior experience of cupping for better blindness success in sham cupping clinical trials.This paper suggested reporting criteria for sham cupping clinical trials.In conclusion,this paper identified the limitations of the current sham cupping technique and suggesting enhancements regarding active sham cupping technique.Continues evaluation of the current active sham cupping technique and development of new sham cupping devices and techniques for various types of cupping therapy are highly recommended.

Placebo Response among Different Types of Sham Acupuncture for Low Back Pain:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: Low back pain(LBP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition that poses a significant burden on healthcare systems. Acupuncture has been proposed as a promising intervention for LBP, but the evidence supporting its specific effect is insufficient, and the use of sham acupuncture as a control in clinical trials presents challenges due to variations in sham acupuncture techniques and the magnitude of the placebo effect.Objective: To investigate the magnitude of the placebo response of sham acupuncture in trials of acupuncture for nonspecific LBP, and to assess whether different types of sham acupuncture are associated with different responses. Methods: Four databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched through April 15, 2023, and randomized controlled trials(RCTs) were included if they randomized patients with LBP to receive acupuncture or sham acupuncture intervention. The main outcomes included the placebo response in pain intensity, back-specific function and quality of life. Placebo response was defined as the change in these outcome measures from baseline to the end of treatment. Random-effects models were used to synthesize the results, standardized mean differences(SMDs, Hedges’ g) were applied to estimate the effect size. Results: A total of 18 RCTs with 3,321 patients were included. Sham acupuncture showed a noteworthy pooled placebo response in pain intensity in patients with LBP [SMD –1.43, 95% confidence interval(CI) –1.95 to –0.91, I2=89%]. A significant placebo response was also shown in back-specific functional status(SMD –0.49, 95% CI –0.70 to –0.29, I2=73%),but not in quality of life(SMD 0.34, 95% CI –0.20 to 0.88, I2=84%). Trials in which the sham acupuncture penetrated the skin or performed with regular needles had a significantly higher placebo response in pain intensity reduction, but other factors such as the location of sham acupuncture did not have a significant impact on the placebo response.Conclusions: Sham acupuncture is associated with a large placebo response in pain intensity among patients with LBP. Researchers should also be aware that the types of sham acupuncture applied may potentially impact the evaluation of the efficacy of acupuncture. Nonetheless, considering the nature of placebo response, the effect of other contextual factors cannot be ruled out in this study.(PROSPERO registration No. CRD42022304416)

Acupuncture for Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria:A Randomized,Sham-Controlled Pilot Trial

Objective: To determine the feasibility of conducting a full-scale randomized controlled trial(RCT)and investigate the basic information and safety of acupuncture for patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria(CSU). Methods: A total of 80 participants with CSU from July 2018 to July 2019 were randomly assigned to receive active acupuncture(n=41) on a fixed prescription of acupoints or sham acupuncture(n=39) with superficial acupuncture on non-acupuncture points through the completely randomized design. Patients in both groups received 5 sessions per week for 2 weeks, and participants were followed for a further 2 weeks.Feasibility was assessed by recruitment and randomization rates, retention of participants, treatment protocol adherence, and the incidence of adverse events(AEs). The clinical primary outcome was the changes from baseline weekly urticaria activity scores(UAS7) after treatment at 2 weeks. Secondary outcomes included the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) score of itching intensity, Dermatology Life Quality Index(DLQI), Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA). Results: A total of 80 participants were enrolled. The recruitment rate of 24.02%, randomization rate of 100%, a loss rate of 6.25%, and no obvious AEs were observed in either group. The decrease from baseline in the mean UAS7 total score at week 2 in the active acupuncture group was –8.63(95%CI, –11.78 to –5.49) and –6.21(95%CI, –9.43 to –2.98) in the sham acupuncture group for a between-group difference of –2.42(95% CI, –6.93 to 2.07). The change in the DLQI,VAS of itching intensity, HAMA, and HAMD were a slightly better improvement trend in the active acupuncture group than the sham acupuncture group, but the between-group difference was not significant. Conclusion:Active acupuncture had a better improvement trend in alleviating symptoms, improving quality of life and regulating the mood of anxiety and depression in patients with CSU than sham acupuncture.(Registration Nos.AMCTR-ICR-18000190 and ChiCTR2100054776)

Placebo response of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea:A meta-analysis

Background The placebo response of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea is a substantial factor associated with analgesia.However,the magnitude of the placebo response is unclear.Objective This meta-analysis assessed the effects of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea and the factors contributing to these effects.Search strategy PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched from inception up to August 20,2022.Inclusion criteria Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)using sham acupuncture as a control for female patients of reproductive age with primary dysmenorrhea were included.Data extraction and analysis Pain intensity,retrospective symptom scale,and health-related quality of life were outcome measures used in these trials.Placebo response was defined as the change in the outcome of interest from baseline to endpoint.We used standardized mean difference(SMD)to estimate the effect size of the placebo response.Results Thirteen RCTs were included.The pooled placebo response size for pain intensity was the largest(SMD=−0.99;95%confidence interval[CI],−1.31 to−0.68),followed by the retrospective symptom scale(Total frequency rating score:SMD=−0.20;95%CI,−0.80 to−0.39.Average severity score:SMD=−0.35;95%CI,−0.90 to−0.20)and physical component of SF-36(SMD=0.27;95%CI,−0.17 to 0.72).Studies using blunt-tip needles,single-center trials,studies with a low risk of bias,studies in which patients had a longer disease course,studies in which clinicians had<5 years of experience,and trials conducted outside Asia were more likely to have a lower placebo response.Conclusion Strong placebo response and some relative factors were found in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42022304215.

Thoughts on the conclusion of no differences between acupuncture and sham acupuncture in clinical researches of migraine in foreign countries

Aiming at the conclusion that ＂there is no difference in efficacy between acupuncture and sham-acupuncture＂ in clinical research field of migraine in foreign countries in recent years, through the discussions on the definition of sham acupuncture （placebo acupuncture）, the principles required to be obey in satisfactory placebo acupuncture, the definition, location, function as well as clinical results of shallow puncture, the authors probed into whether shallow puncture could be the control method of sham acupuncture （placebo acupuncture） in clinical research of acupuncture. It was demonstrated in the results that ＂acupuncture with minimal stimulation on skin superficial layer of meridian points or non-meridian points＂, the so-called control method of ＂sham acupuncture （placebo acupuncture）＂ excited holistic regulation of human body quite probably through ＂shallow puncture on cutaneous region of meridians＂ to achieve therapeutic effects. Hence, this method is not the appropriate control method of placebo acupuncture and cannot be the control method of sham acupuncture （placebo acupuncture） in clinical research of acupuncture. Therefore, it is naturally to repudiate the conclusion that ＂there is no difference in efficacy between acupuncture and sham acupuncture＂ in the research where this method is taken as the control of placebo acupuncture.

电力系统数据网MCE双归属问题及其解决方法研究

文章系统地分析了MCE双归属网络结构中存在的OSPF路由域分割、次优路径和路由环路等问题。结合典型案例,在MPLSVPN网络作为OSPF超级骨干域的基础上,采用Sham-Link解决次优路径问题,通过DN置位或Routetag标识的方法避免路由环路的产生。文章通过协议路由和OSPFLSA的分析方法定位网络的潜在风险,结合具体案例暴露问题,针对不同的问题提出了具体可行的技术方案,并对相关技术的实施要点和注意事项进行了说明,为MPLS VPN网络的优化提供技术支持。