Effect of annealing on the microstructures and Vickers hardness at room temperature of intermetallics in Mo-Si system

The microstructures and Vickers hardness at room temperature of arc-meltingprocessed intermetallics of Mo_5Si_3-MoSi_2 hypoeutectic alloy and hypereutectic alloy annealed at1200℃ for different time were investigated. Lamellar structure consisted of Mo_5Si_3 (D8m) phaseand MoSi_2 (C11_b) phase was observed in all the alloys. For Mo_5Si_3-MoSi_2 hypoeutectic alloy, thelamellar structure was found only after annealing and developed well with fine spacing on the orderof hundred nanometers after annealing at 1200℃ for 48 h. But when the annealing time was up to 96h, the well-developed lamellar structure was destroyed. For Mo_5Si_3-MoSi_2 hypereutectic alloy, thelamellar structure was found both before and after annealing. However the volume fraction andspacing of the lamellar structure did not change significantly before and after annealing. Theeffects of the formation, development and destruction of lamellar structure on Vickers hardness ofalloys were also investigated. When Mo_5Si_3-MoSi_2 hypoeutectic alloy annealed at 1200℃ for 48 h,the Vickers hardness was improved about 19% compared with that without annealing and formation oflamellar structure. The highest Vickers hardness of Mo5Si3-MoSi_2 hypereutectic was increasing about18% when annealing at 1200℃ for 48 h.

Technology System of Low Energy Housing of Water Town in Southern Bank of Yangze River Based on SI System

Development of new vernacular dwelling of water town in the southern bank of the Yangze River is an important approach to improve rural appearance,infrastructure,quality of life,and to realize new urbanization of this area. How would this process to inherit the quintessence of traditional local-style dwelling as well as integrate with low energy consumption technology is also an important problem due to the valuable Chinese traditional architectural culture in this area. Taking SI system as breaking point,this paper analyzes the green ecological characteristics of traditional residence in the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River,discusses the current residential technology of low energy consumption, and proposes the low energy consumption residential technology integration system in the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River.Based on this,this paper takes the SDC 2013 entry "solark"as a practical application case study and further expounds the prospects of this technology system.

Correlation between mixing enthalpy and structural order in liquid Mg−Si system

The mixing enthalpies and structural order in liquid Mg−Si system were investigated via ab-initio molecular dynamics at 1773 K.By calculating the transferred charges and electron density differences,the dominance of Si−Si interactions in the chemical environments around Si was demonstrated,which determined that the mixing enthalpy reached the minimum on Mg-rich side.In terms of Honeycutt and Anderson(HA)bond pairs based on the partial pair correlation functions,the attraction between Si−Si pairs and Mg atoms was revealed,and the evolution of structural order with Si content was characterized as a process of constituting frame structures by Si−Si pairs that dispersed Mg atoms.Focusing on tetrahedral order of local Si-configurations,a correlation between the mixing enthalpy and structural order was uncovered ultimately,which provided a new perspective combining the energetics with geometry to understand the liquid Mg−Si binary system.

LIQUIDUS OF Au-Cu-Si SYSTEM

The diagram of system Au-Cu-Si was constructed from data of 9 internal sections by DTA in an atmosphere of dry N_2.The composition of ternary eutectic point melting at 337℃ lies in Au(74.7)-Cu(6.1)-Si(19.2) at.-%.The liquidus of the 3 side-binary systems have been redetermined.

Effects of Y and Ce on Microstructures and Properties of Nb-Si System Composites

The effects of yttrium and cerium on microstructures and properties of Nb-Si system composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy( SEM), energy dispersive spectrum(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and high temperature oxidation experiments.It is found that the coarse primary silicide phase became finer and more homogeneous with Y and Ce addition.The results of high temperature oxidation experiments show that the oxidation rates of NbSi system composites with an appropriate amount of Y and Ce decrease compared with those of alloys without Y or Ce addition, and oxidation products mainly distribute along the phase boundaries between the Nb solid solution and silicide.

Synthesis of MgSiN₂Powders from the Mg-Si System

Magnesium silicon nitride (MgSiN2) was synthesized without any additives under a nitrogen gas flow (200 mL/min) using a nitriding method. The effects of temperature and holding time on its purity and morphology were investigated. A single-phase MgSiN2 powder was obtained at 1350℃ for 1 h and 1250℃ for 11 h. However, the decomposition of MgSiN2 occurred at 1450℃, suggesting that the optimum temperature for the preparation of MgSiN2 from Mg-Si system was 1350℃. The phase purity, morphology, size of the product and elemental composition of the samples were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy spectrometer (EDS), respectively. The evaporation of Mg and Si resulted in the formation of many voids in the blocky product. The temperature gradient promotes the growth of MgSiN2 on the surface of massive products along the tip. The concentration gradient of Mg and Si vapors in the void resulted in the columnar growth of MgSiN2.

基于第一性原理研究CO在C_(21)Si上的吸附

通过密度泛函理论(DFT)计算研究了单个CO分子分别在C_(21)Si上的吸附.由于结构中含有21个C原子以及引入一个Si原子,命名为(C_(21)Si).计算了体系中最稳定的几何结构、吸附能、吸附高度和态密度,研究了吸附的CO分子与基底之间的相互作用.研究发现,当CO放置在C_(21)Si上吸附时,C原子靠近吸附优于O原子靠近时的吸附,吸附能分别为-0.86 eV和-0.36 eV,当O原子靠近吸时二者之间的吸附反应较弱,为物理吸附.C原子靠近时的吸附高度小,吸附反应更强,为化学吸附.根据态密度轨道之间的杂化程度,说明二者之间存在吸附反应,相较于O原子靠近吸附,基底对C原子靠近时的吸附能力更强,敏感度更高.

Computer Simulation of Fe-Al-Si System Diffusion Couples

DifFusion couples, Fe-6.8 wt% Al-1.0 wt% Si/Fe and Fe-6.3 wt% Al-0.9 wt% Si/Fe were constructed and separately annealed at 1050℃ for 3 h and at 1000℃ for 64 h. The concentration profiles of Fe, Al and Si atoms in these couples were measured by electron probe micro-analysis （EPMA）, while the diffusion behavior was also simulated by coupling thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Fe-Al-Si system. The simulation results were in good agreement with the measured concentration profiles showing the validity of dynamic parameters of Fe-Al-Si system, Calculation was made for Fe-7 wt% Al-1 wt% Si/Fe diffusion couples at 1000℃ with different diffusion time. Silicon uphill was found under the influence of aluminum.

Isothermal section of Dy-Zr-Si ternary system at 773 K

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Dy-Zr-Si ternary system at 773 K was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, metallographic analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis. The isothermal section consists of 13 single-phase regions, 23 two-phase regions, and 11 three-phase regions. The solubilities of Zr in Dy, Dy5Si4, Dy5Si3, DySi, DySi2, DySi1.67, and Dy in Zr, Zr2Si, Zr3Si2, Zr5Si4, ZrSi, and ZrSi2 were determined at 773 K.

Formation mechanism of periodic layered structure in Ni_3Si/Zn system

The formation of periodic layered structure in Ni3Si/Zn diffusion couples with Zn in vapor or liquid state was investigated by SEM-EDS, FESEM and XRD. The results show that the diffusion path in solid-liquid reaction is Ni3Si/（T＋γ）/γ/…T/γ/Ni4Zn12Si3/γ/…Ni4Zn12Si3/γ/Ni4Zn12Si3/δ…/Ni4Zn12Si3/δ/liquid-Zn, and the diffusion path in solid-vapor reaction is Ni3Si/θ/（T＋γ）/γ/…/T/γ/…T/γ/vapor-Zn. With increasing Zn diffusion flux, the diffusion reaction path moves toward the Zn-rich direction, and the distance from the Ni3Si substrate to the periodic layer pair nearest to the interface decreases. In the initial stage of both reactions,γphase nucleates and grows within T matrix phase at first, and then conjuncts together to form a band to reduce the surface energy. Based on the experimental results and diffusion kinetics analysis, the microstructure differences were compared and the formation mechanism of the periodic layered structure in Ni3Si/Zn system was discussed.

不同固溶处理对亚共晶Al-Si合金组织和性能的影响

铸态的亚共晶Al-Si合金中,粗大的α-Al晶粒和针片状共晶Si是造成其性能降低的主要原因。通过对Al-Ti-La和Nd细化变质后的Al-7Si合金进行了不同条件的固溶处理,研究了不同固溶温度和时间对其微观组织及性能的影响。结果表明:铸态Al-7Si合金随着固溶温度的升高,二次枝晶臂间距(SDAS)逐渐增大,共晶Si尺寸逐渐减小,并且共晶Si由长条状和纤维状向短棒状转变。随着固溶时间的延长,共晶Si的演变过程为:长条状→短棒状→粒状→粗化长大。当固溶温度为535℃、固溶时间为3 h时,合金的显微硬度为62.5 HV,相比于铸态提升了10.5%,极限抗拉强度(UTS)和断裂延伸率(El)由铸态的170.2 MPa和11.1%提升至174.0 MPa和13.1%,分别提升2.2%和18.0%,断口的解理平台小且出现大面积韧窝,由脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂。

表面喷丸及退火处理对Fe-30Mn-3Al-3Si TWIP钢组织与性能的影响

为实现强韧化,对Fe-30Mn-3Al-3Si TWIP钢进行了表面喷丸及退火热处理。采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜等手段分析了喷丸以及喷丸结合退火处理对TWIP钢显微组织结构的影响,并利用显微维氏硬度计和万能材料试验机对原始样品、喷丸以及喷丸结合退火处理样品的硬度分布、力学性能及加工硬化行为进行了研究。分析结果表明,喷丸可在TWIP钢表面引起强烈的塑性变形,并形成包含60~100 nm大小的位错胞块的强烈形变层和包含微纳尺度形变孪晶结构的过渡层。该纳米-微米尺度的晶粒尺寸梯度结构可以将TWIP钢表面强烈形变层的硬度显著提升至366 HV0.1,并在残余压应力联合作用下使试样的屈服强度提升至485 MPa,均远高于初始样品的对应值。但受喷丸引起的表面粗糙和强烈形变层纳米晶塑性低的影响,其断后延伸率仅为41.8%。退火处理后,喷丸样品中的形变组织发生回复与再结晶,其中强烈形变层位置的再结晶晶粒尺寸为1~3μm,硬度也降低至215 HV0.1。所形成的微米-微米尺度晶粒尺寸梯度结构试样的屈服强度降低至261 MPa,但延伸率增加至65.3%。晶粒尺寸梯度结构有助于增加TWIP钢屈服与抗拉强度,但不利于延伸率的提升。

EVALUATION OF COMPONENT ACTIVITIES IN THE MOLTEN C_Fe-X(X=Si,Mn,Cr,Ni)SYSTEM

Expressing the excess partial molar free energies and integral excess free energy as poly- nome of the composition,then the parameters in the expression of excess partial molar free energy of C were evaluated based on:the excess partial free energy of C in C-Fe bi- nary alloy:the integral excess free energy of Fe-X binary alloy:the C saturation curve and the iso-activity curve of C (α_c=0.025) in the ternary system.Then the activity coefficient of X was evaluated with the so-called “I-D” method,by which the component activities of every element in the whole molten ternary alloy can be evaluated,and the results are in good agreement with literature data based on experiment.

Si含量对汽车用铝合金组织和性能的影响

制备了不同Si掺杂质量分数的汽车用铝合金材料,通过XRD、OM、SEM、力学性能试验和摩擦磨损试验研究了Si质量分数对铝合金物相结构、显微组织、硬度、拉伸强度、磨损性能和磨损形貌的影响。结果表明,铝合金主要是由α-Al、Mg、Si以及第二相Mg_(2)Si和Mg_(17)Al_(12)组成,Si掺杂质量分数的增加细化了珊瑚状的α-Al相,第二相主要析出在晶界处。随着Si掺杂质量分数的增加,铝合金的拉伸强度和硬度先增大后减小,屈服强度持续增大,断裂延伸率持续降低,Si掺杂质量分数3%的铝合金的拉伸强度达到最大值264.8 MPa,对应的屈服强度为189.6 MPa,硬度为最大值58.8 HV,对应的断裂延伸率为10.6%。磨损测试结果表明,磨损量和摩擦系数均随Si掺杂质量分数的增加表现出先降低后增大的趋势,当Si掺杂质量分数为3%时,铝合金的摩擦系数和磨损量均达到了最低值,分别为0.052及64.8 mg,铝合金的耐磨损性能最佳,磨损面中犁沟的方向均匀一致。

湿度对a-C:Ti/a-C:Si纳米多层薄膜摩擦学行为的影响

目的沉积出具有纳米级多层结构的a-C:Ti/a-C:Si薄膜来改善非晶碳薄膜的湿度适应性。方法通过磁控溅射技术在硅片和304不锈钢试样表面交替沉积a-C:Ti薄膜和a-C:Si薄膜,并进行了薄膜截面形貌表征。通过纳米压痕测试表征了复合薄膜的力学性能,采用球-盘摩擦磨损试验机进行了不同湿度下摩擦学试验,测试薄膜的摩擦学性能。结合拉曼光谱和扫描电子显微镜,分析了摩擦试验后的磨痕形貌和磨斑。结果a-C:Ti/a-C:Si纳米多层结构增加了薄膜的异质界面,相比于a-C:Ti膜,a-C:Ti/a-C:Si纳米多层薄膜的弹性模量和残余应力随a-C:Si层厚度的增加而上升。在低湿度环境下,a-C:Si层引入后使a-C:Ti/a-C:Si纳米多层膜在摩擦过程中不易产生碳转移膜,薄膜的摩擦因数和磨损率随a-C:Si层沉积时间的增加而增加,薄膜的摩擦学性能略有下降。在高湿度环境下,由于磨屑的堆积抑制了碳转移膜的形成,不同制备工艺获得的a-C:Ti/a-C:Si纳米多层膜的摩擦因数均有所上升,但是a-C:Si层的存在使薄膜极易产生富硅转移膜,缓解了无碳转移膜的缺陷,降低了磨损率,提高了摩擦学性能。结论纳米多层结构有效地改善了非晶碳薄膜的湿度适应性。利用a-C:Ti层和a-C:Si层分别提升了非晶碳基复合薄膜在低湿环境下和高湿环境下的摩擦学性能。

氟碳铈矿除Ca、Si制备脱硝催化剂及其脱硝性能的研究

包头混合稀土精矿是氟碳铈矿(CeCO_(3)F)和独居石(CePO_(4))的共生矿物,结构复杂,难以分解,且Ca、Si杂质嵌布在矿物表面,影响了稀土矿物的脱硝活性,因此在使用天然矿物作为催化剂之前,有必要对其进行除杂预处理。采用酸浸固氟焙烧方案将氟碳铈矿制成脱硝催化剂,具体工艺为:第一步,HCl除Ca,HCl浓度为6mol/L,氟碳铈矿与NaCl(固氟剂)质量比为1∶5,混合并搅拌12h后于500℃下焙烧2h;第二步,HF除Si,HF浓度为13mol/L,除Ca后粉末与NaCl质量比为1∶5,混合并搅拌12h后于500°C下焙烧2h。氟碳铈矿除Ca、Si后制备的催化剂中Ca含量降至1.85%,Si含量降至0.17%,稀土元素含量相比原矿提高了约22%。氟碳铈矿除Ca、Si后,表面形成了发达的孔结构,比表面积增大,活性元素增多,且部分Ce的价态由+3价转变为+4价,还形成了晶格氧,这些组织结构的变化为催化剂脱硝过程提供了更多的氧化还原中心,使得催化剂脱硝性能显著提高。因此,用除杂后的氟碳铈矿作脱硝催化剂比直接用天然矿物具有更大的优势。

超高强Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si钛合金的强化行为及模型

基于XRD、OM、SEM和TEM分析,研究超高强Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si钛合金的组织演变及强化行为。结果表明,位错强化和析出强化效应对该合金的屈服强度影响较大。冷轧+再结晶+冷轧+双时效组合工艺可获得1518 MPa的最高屈服强度,这主要归因于显微组织中的高密度残存位错及密集而细小的次生α相。建立复合强化模型,其预测误差在16.6%以内。此外,研究发现次生α相体积分数的增加可以不断强化晶内区域,这使得沿晶断裂开始出现并逐渐占据整个断裂面。

基于UIS测试的Si/SiC级联器件雪崩特性分析

与机械式断路器相比,使用半导体功率器件构成的直流固态断路器在响应时间方面有较大的优势。由低压硅金属—氧化物—半导体场效应晶体管(Si MOSFET)和高压碳化硅结型场效应晶体管(SiC JFET)构成的Si/SiC级联型器件具有优异的开断特性。半导体功率器件可靠性一直是直流固态断路器所关注的焦点问题,非箝位感性负载开关(unclamped inductive switching,UIS)测试是评估半导体功率器件可靠性的重要方法。文中通过实验和仿真的方式分析了Si/SiC级联器件在非箝位感性负载开关过程的雪崩特性。首先,通过增加器件导通时间得到了不同负载电流下的雪崩特性,结果表明,随着导通时间的增加,Si/SiC级联器件在雪崩期间出现了雪崩电压下降的异常特性。随后,通过分立式Si/SiC级联器件进行UIS测试,发现异常特性是由于SiC JFET在雪崩期间出现导通而形成的。最后,通过Si/SiC级联器件的三维电—热耦合仿真,结果表明雪崩期间SiC JFET芯片栅极铝金属层和键合线温度升高,导致SiC JFET栅极等效电阻增加,最终使得SiC JFET在雪崩期间出现导通。

Y/Al-5Ti-1B复合变质对Al-7Si合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

在传统铸造Al-Si合金中存在的粗大树枝晶α-Al相以及针状共晶Si严重割裂基体,显著降低合金的力学性能。为细化Al-Si合金的组织,提升其力学性能,本文使用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及万能材料试验机,研究了不同添加量Y/Al-5Ti-1B变质剂(Al-5Ti-1B均为2%,稀土Y分别为0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%,质量分数)对Al-7Si合金微观组织和力学性能的影响,并探究了其对Al-7Si合金的变质机理。实验结果表明,当Al-5Ti-1B含量为2%、稀土Y含量为0.4%时,变质效果最佳,共晶Si由粗大针状变为细小颗粒状,长和宽分别减小至2.7和0.8μm,相较于未经变质处理的Al-7Si合金,减小了90.6%和4.7%。合金抗拉强度由原来的168.1 MPa提升至209.1 MPa,增加了24.4%。同时伸长率从6.23%提升至9.62%,增长了54.4%。此外,合金的断裂方式也从脆性断裂转变为韧-脆混合断裂。

低压Si MOSFETs对SiC/Si级联器件短路特性的影响

由低压硅金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管(Silicon Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, Si MOSFET)和碳化硅结型场效应晶体管(Silicon Carbon Junction Field-Effect Transistor, SiC JFET)构成的SiC/Si级联(Cascode)器件,兼具了低压Si MOSFET易于驱动、SiC JFET高耐压低损耗等优点。该文采用实验和数值模拟的方式研究了低压Si MOSFET对SiC/Si级联器件短路特性的影响,结果表明,在短路过程中SiC/Si级联器件中的SiC JFET最高温度比单独的SiC JFET短路时的最高温度低,SiC/Si级联器件的短路失效时间得到了延长,并且随着Si MOSFET额定电压的增加,SiC/Si级联器件短路失效延长的时间也在增加。