Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm with skin and bone marrow involvement: Report of three cases

BACKGROUND Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN)is a rare and highly aggressive hematopoietic malignancy.BPDCN is difficult to diagnose because of the overlap in morphologic and immunophenotypic features with various cutaneous lymphatic hematopoietic tumors.CASE SUMMARY We report on three BPDCN cases,all characterized by skin nodules and examined by histology,immunohistochemical detection,in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus,and follow-up.We also review the relevant literature.All patients were positive for CD56 and negative for Epstein-Barr encoded small RNA.Two patients had bone marrow involvement.Chemotherapy is the main treatment for BPDCN,but case 1 showed bone marrow suppression and case 2 developed recurrence after chemotherapy.Case 1 survived for 7 mo,case 2 for 17 mo,and case 3 for 9 mo.CONCLUSION An accurate pathological diagnosis is a precondition for treatment,and the diagnosis of BPDCN should be based on a combination of clinical symptoms,pathological characteristics,immunophenotype,and other auxiliary examinations.It is necessary to clarify the clinicopathological features and biological behavior of BPDCN to improve its understanding by both clinicians and pathologists.Case 2 survived significantly longer than the other two cases,suggesting that the treatment received by case 2 was more effective.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell tumor(BPDCN)is a rare and highly invasive lymphohematopoietic tumor that originates from plasmacytoid dendritic cells.BPDCN has an extremely poor prognosis.Skin lesions are usually the first manifestation of BPDCN,although the tumor may also invade the bone marrow,lymph nodes,peripheral blood,and other parts of the body,leading to several other manifestations,requiring further differentiation through skin biopsy and immunohistochemistry.CASE SUMMARY In the present paper,the cases of 2 patients diagnosed with BPDCN are discussed.The immunohistochemistry analysis of these 2 patients revealed positivity for CD4,CD56,and CD123.Currently,no standard chemotherapy regimen is available for BPDCN.Therefore,intensive therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia was applied as the treatment method for these 2 cases.CONCLUSION Although allogeneic bone marrow transplantation could be further effective in prolonging the median survival the ultimate prognosis was unfavorable.Future treatment modalities tailored for elderly patients will help prolong survival.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm in Jinhua,China:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN)is a rare and clinically aggressive hematologic malignancy originating from the precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells.BPDCN often involves the skin,lymph nodes,and bone marrow,with rapid clinical progression and a poor prognosis.The BPDCN diagnosis is mainly based on the immunophenotype.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we retrospectively analyzed 2 cases of BPDCN.Both patients were elderly males.The lesions manifested as skin masses.Morphological manifestations included diffuse and dense tumor cell infiltration of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that cluster of differentiation CD4,CD56,CD43,and CD123 were positive.CONCLUSION In this paper,we retrospectively analyzed 2 cases of BPDCN.Both patients were elderly males.The lesions manifested as skin masses.Morphological manifestations included diffuse and dense tumor cell infiltration of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that cluster of differentiation CD4,CD56,CD43,and CD123 were positive.

The Physical and Clinical Aspects of Radiation Therapy in Skin Cancer and Subcutaneous Tissue Neoplasm

Cancers, malignant melanoma and sarcomas of the skin represent the most common group of malignancies in humans. The main treatment method of almost all skin cancers and subcutaneous tissue tumours is surgery, which consists of complete removal of a neoplastic lesion, with an adequate margin of healthy tissue. Radiotherapy plays an adjuvant role in this process, meaning complementing of the surgical procedure. This study compared four methods of irradiation treatment of cancer located in the skin or in subcutaneous tissues: contact brachytherapy, conventional orthovoltage therapy, electron beam conformal teleradiotherapy and IMRT dynamically shaped photonic beams conformal teleradiotherapy. In order to compare the methods and techniques of surface radiotherapy, following specific objectives were formulated. At the beginning in order to compare the scopes of the absorbed doses at different tissue depths, an analysis of parameters describing particular beams or radiation source has been performed—the curves for the absorbed-dose depth drop-offs. Doses distribution in tissue-like phantoms stimulating homogeneous cuboidal tissue block has been determined. A quality comparison of dose distribution in 2D and 3D treatment planning system for contact brachytherapy application has been made. The dose distribution for electron beam in the system has been determined. Conformal plannings for electron beam treatment, contact brachytherapy applicator treatment and 4 photon beams treatment optimized in IMRT technology have been performed. Dose distribution has been performed for the irradiated female patient within the well chest—the target included the recurrence area in the post-operative scar. The radiation therapy with X-rays has actually been completely eliminated from skin cancer and subcutaneous tissue radiotherapy by the electrons generated in linear accelerators, contact brachytherapy HDR and by high-energy photons used in conformal techniques, ex. IMRT. It is because the residual dose beyond the target is the highest for single X-ray beam. Although in brachytherapy HDR a rapid dose drop-off is observed, 5 cm from its normalization level for the target the residual radiation remains at the level of several percent. So, both X-rays beam radiation and brachytherapy in skin cancer treatment is connected with the administration of the dose with a high gradient in the health tissues. The dose distribution for photon conformal techniques IMRT or for electron radiation looks different. There with the dose normalization at the level of 90% or 85% we deal with the dose layer, the division does not exceed 15% of heterogeneity.

Homeopathic mother tincture of Phytolacca decandra induces apoptosis in skin melanoma cells by activating caspase-mediated signaling via reactive oxygen species elevation

OBJECTIVE： Preventive measures against skin melanoma like chemotherapy are useful but suffer from chronic side effects and drug resistance. Ethanolic extract of Phytolacca decandra （PD）, used in homeopathy for the treatment of various ailments like chronic rheumatism, regular conjunctivitis, psoriasis, and in some skin diseases was tested for its possible anticancer potential. METHODS： Cytotoxicity of the drug was tested by conducting 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on both normal （peripheral blood mononuclear cells） and A375 cells. Fluorescence microscopic study of 4＇,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride-stained cells was conducted for DNA fragmentation assay, and changes in cellular morphology, if any, were also recorded. Lactate dehydrogenase activity assay was done to evaluate the percentages of apoptosis and necrosis. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） accumulation, if any, and expression study of apoptotic genes also were evaluated to pin-point the actual events of apoptosis. RESULTS： Results showed that PD administration caused a remarkable reduction in proliferation of A375 cells, without showing much cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Generation of ROS and DNA damage, which made the cancer cells prone to apoptosis, were found to be enhanced in PD-treated cells. These results were duly supported by the analytical data on expression of different cellular and nuclear proteins, as for example, by down- regulation of Akt and Bcl-2, up-regulation of p53, Bax and caspase 3, and an increase in number of cell deaths by apoptosis in A375 cells. CONCLUSION： Overall results demonstrate anticancer potentials of PD on A375 cells through activation of caspase-mediated signaling and ROS generation.

Effects of Nicotinamide on Mouse Skin Tumor Development and Its Mode of Action

Nicotinamide (NA), a naturally occuring vitamin and a protease inhibitor, has been shown to be effective in treating some skin ailments. It inhibits cell proiferaion and induces cell differentiation. This report shows the effects of NA on mouse skin tumor development and on the critical events involved in this process. NA reduced tumor growth, inhibited the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced ornithine decarboxylase activity, but induced the transglutaminare activity which was inhibited by TPA under different experimental conditions.The effects of NA on ornithine decarboxylare (ODC) and transglutaminase (TG) indicated that nicotinamide (NA) probably programmmed the cells for their death in the natural course of time, i.e. programed cell death. This observation indicates that NA might be a better agent for the detailed study and for the better use in prevention of cancer alone or in combination with other drugs.

More than skin deep? Potential nicotinamide treatment applications in chronic kidney transplant recipients

Non-melanoma cutaneous carcinomas, or skin cancers, predominantly squamous cell carcinomas(SCCs), are the most common malignancies occurring in kidney transplant recipients(KTRs). Squamous cell carcinoma risk is dramatically elevated in KTRs, occurring at rates of up 45-250 times those reported in general populations. New non-melanoma skin cancers in KTRs with a prior non-melanoma skin cancer also develop at 3-times the rate reported in non-KTRs with the same clinical history. The unique aggressiveness of SCCs in KTRs increases patient morbidity, due to the high rate of new lesions requiring treatment, frequently surgical excision. Oral nicotinamide shows promise in the chemoprevention of the especially aggressive non-melanoma skin cancers which occur in KTRs. This benefit might be conferred via its inhibition of sirtuin enzymatic pathways. Nicotinamide's concurrent hypophosphatemic effect may also partially ameliorate the disturbed calcium-phosphorus homeostasis in these patients-a putative risk factor for mortality, and graft failure. Conceivably, a phase 3 trial of nicotinamide for the prevention of non-melanoma skin cancers in KTRs, lasting at least 12-mo, could also incorporate imaging and laboratory measures which assess nicotinamide's impact on subclinical cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease risk, and progression.

母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞肿瘤临床和病理特征分析

目的:归纳并分析母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞肿瘤(BPDCN)的临床资料,为进一步认识该类疾病提供依据。方法:回顾性分析11例BPDCN患者的临床表现、免疫表型及病理特点、治疗与预后。结果:11例明确诊断BPDCN的患者中,男性8例、女性3例,中位年龄44(6-81)岁。临床主要以皮疹、包块等为首发症状,并伴有淋巴结、骨髓受累。肿瘤性母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDC)表达HLA-DR、CD4、CD56、CD123,不表达cCD3、cMPO、cCD79a,部分病例可表达CD38、CD99、CD36。临床上手术切除、多次化疗失败的患者复发快,患者生存期短。首次化疗达到完全缓解的患者pDC细胞不表达CD56,且经骨髓移植后具有较长的生存期。结论:BPDCN免疫表型具有异质性,CD56是区分肿瘤性和正常pDC细胞的良好标志物;化疗缓解后进行造血干细胞移植的BPDCN患者预后较好。

头颈部肿瘤患者放射性皮炎预防及管理的最佳证据总结

目的 系统检索、评价和总结头颈部肿瘤患者放射性皮炎预防及管理的最新最佳证据,为临床制定个性化的皮肤管理方案提供循证依据。方法 计算机检索各指南及专业协会网站、Cochrane图书馆、JBI循证护理数据库、PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science Core Collection、Embase、中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中所有关于头颈部肿瘤放射性皮炎预防及管理的文献,包括指南、专家共识、系统评价、最佳实践信息册等。检索时间为建库至2023年8月23日。结果 共纳入22篇文献,包括1篇指南、4篇专家共识、17篇系统评价或meta分析。从头颈部肿瘤患者放射性皮炎的发病率、危险因素、临床表现、评估监测、健康教育、日常护理、预防及治疗措施、感染控制、管理策略9个方面总结出43条证据。结论 头颈部肿瘤患者放射性皮炎预防及管理的最佳证据为医疗保健人员制定个性化皮肤管理方案提供循证依据,临床实践过程中需结合具体情境和患者个人意愿选择证据。

母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤一例并文献复习

母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤恶性程度极高,多以皮肤为首发表现,皮损表现多样,易误诊漏诊,诊断需结合广泛的免疫表型和组织病理学特点,易复发,预后不良。我院诊治1例76岁老年男性患者,以头颈部暗紫色浸润性结节和肿块为首发表现。免疫表型和组织病理学特点符合母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤。

Associated Factors of Anxiety Symptoms in Patients with Keratinocyte Carcinoma:A Cross-Sectional Study

Background:Keratinocyte carcinoma(KC)is a common malignancy characterized by a high recurrence rate and considerable psychological distress.The incidence of KC is increasing in China,raising concerns about its psychological consequences and adverse effects on quality of life.Demographic and clinical factors are thought to influence mental health outcomes in these patients.Nonetheless,data on the prevalence of anxiety in Chinese patients with KC and the factors associated with this anxiety are notably lacking.Therefore,a comprehensive investigation into the anxiety of patients with KC is imperative.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety in patients with KC,a disease that can significantly affect a patient’s appearance and overall quality of life.Understanding the level of anxiety in this population is critical to developing targeted interventions,improving treatment outcomes,supporting mental health,and improving patient care practices.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted at China’s largest dermatology hospital from November 2017 to September 2022.A consecutive sampling method was used to recruit participants.Anxiety status was surveyed by the Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS).Explanatory variables were surveyed by demographic data questionnaires.Non-parametric test and Chi-square test analyses were used to compare the differences between groups.Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with anxiety.Results:A total of 192 patients with KC were included.The median score of SAS was 35(IQR 16.25).The prevalence of anxiety in patients with KC was 20.8%.Females(p=0.008),under 60 years old(p=0.011),living in rural(p=0.010)or urban areas(p=0.029),having fewer than three children(p=0.016),with a history of skin diseases(p<0.001),with a history of long-term oral medication(p=0.001),and experiencing pain or itching(p=0.001)had SAS scores that were significantly higher than their counterparts.Conclusion:This study showed that the prevalence of anxiety was very high among Chinese patients with KC,especially among women,young patients,rural residents,patients with fewer than three children,and individuals with a history of skin disease,long-term oral medications,or symptoms of pain or itching.Targeted psychological interventions for these specific populations should be implemented to effectively alleviate anxiety and improve quality of life in these at-risk groups.

头皮转移作为肺鳞癌的首发表现:1例极其罕见的病例报告及文献回顾

原发性肺鳞癌远处转移中皮肤转移是一件罕有发生的事,而头皮转移作为患者首发的临床表现更加少见。头部皮肤转移灶很容易误诊为其他头部疾病,但它的出现提示着肺癌恶化与预后不良。这篇病例报告记录了1例以头部皮肤毛囊炎为首发表现就诊于皮肤科,通过影像学诊断为肺恶性肿瘤后转科至胸外科,头部病灶切除病理提示为肺癌的远处转移灶的女性患者,并对报道过类似病例的文章进行回顾总结。本文旨在增进对肺癌皮肤转移的了解和认识,提高对该类疾病的重视,加强早期识别、精准诊断,防止临床上对该疾病漏诊与误诊,最终达成推进后续的治疗、改善患者预后的目的。

前额透明细胞鳞状细胞癌一例

患者,男,76岁。前额肿块1个月余,逐渐增大,随后出现糜烂渗出,偶有瘙痒。予手术切除,组织病理诊断为透明细胞鳞状细胞癌。术后随访至今未见复发。

视频宣教联合回授法在Mohs手术治疗非黑素瘤性皮肤癌患者中的应用

目的探讨视频宣教联合回授法在Mohs手术治疗非黑素瘤性皮肤癌患者中的应用效果。方法选取2022年1月-2023年12月我院收治的行Mohs手术治疗的非黑素瘤性皮肤癌患者120例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上采用视频宣教联合回授法。比较两组干预前后健康知识得分、负性情绪、生活质量、睡眠质量及护理满意度。结果两组干预后健康知识得分、生活质量评分均高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组干预后负性情绪、睡眠质量评分低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论视频宣教联合回授法可提高Mohs手术治疗的非黑素瘤性皮肤癌患者对疾病和健康的认知,减轻负性情绪,提高生活质量、睡眠质量和护理满意度。

流式细胞术检测皮肤组织在母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的:探讨流式细胞术(FCM)检测皮肤组织样本在诊断母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤(BPDCN)中的作用。方法:利用多色流式检测皮肤组织与骨髓,并结合组织病理学、骨髓细胞形态学、遗传学、二代测序(NGS)等检测结果对3例已确诊的BPDCN进行回顾性分析。结果:3例患者均以皮肤损害为首发症状,FCM检测骨髓仅发现1例患者标本存在BPDCN细胞,而3例患者皮肤组织标本中均发现BPDCN细胞;与皮肤组织病理免疫组化结果诊断一致;病例2患者骨髓细胞学和遗传学检查均未发现BPDCN细胞,病例1患者骨髓细胞学中发现BPDCN细胞,病例3患者NGS检测到BPDCN相关基因突变。结论:流式细胞免疫分型是BPDCN诊断的实用辅助手段,可以在早期皮肤组织标本中快速精准地诊断BPDCN,同时进行鉴别诊断。

肝门部胆管癌外科治疗20年经验回顾

目的 总结 2 0年肝门部胆管癌外科治疗的经验 ,探讨提高切除率 ,减少并发症的有效措施。方法 回顾总结 1978年 1月～ 1997年 12月西南医院外科治疗 2 0 1例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料 ,以 1991年为界限前后分为两个阶段以对照手术切除率、并发症及死亡率等。结果 2 0 1例中手术切除 97例 ,非切除行胆道内、外引流者 84例 ,单纯剖腹探查 2 0例。切除组中根治切除 5 1例 ,姑息切除 46例。随访 75例中 ,根治切除者 1,3,5年生存率分别为95 45 %,40 91%,13 6 4%;姑息切除者 1,3年生存率为 5 5 %,10 %,无 5年生存者 ;非切除性胆道内、外引流者 1年生存率为 36 %,无 3年生存者 ;单纯剖腹探查者均于 3个月内死亡。两个阶段对照显示 :手术切除率由 1990年 12月以前的 34 95 %提高到以后的6 2 2 4%,其中根治切除率由 15 5 3%提高到 35 71%;手术并发症及死亡率分别由 39 8%和 17 84%降低到 18 37%和 6 12 %。结论 根治切除是提高肝门部胆管癌远期存活率的关键 ,合理的围手术期处理可降低手术并发症发生率及死亡率。

甲状腺癌的外科治疗(附246例报告)

目的 探讨甲状腺癌的诊断、手术治疗方法以及手术并发症的防治。方法 对 1990年 3月～ 2 0 0 1年 4月我科收治的 2 46例甲状腺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 术前和术中确诊甲状腺癌分别为 135例和 80例 ,术后确诊 2 46例 ;再次手术 5 7例 ,发现残癌 30例 ,占 5 2 .6 % ;1,3,5年生存率分别为 99.2 % ,96 .3% ,91.5 %。 2 46例手术病人无 1例死亡 ,4例术后出现短暂性声嘶、3例出现低钙抽搐。结论 术中冷冻快速切片有助于甲状腺癌的诊断和术式的选择 ;根据甲状腺癌的病理类型和危险因素 ,手术切除甲状腺的范围和是否行颈部淋巴结清扫术有所不同。术后病人应坚持终生服用甲状腺素片。

手助腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术28例

目的 探讨手助腹腔镜下直肠癌前切除术的临床效果。方法 对应用手助腹腔镜方式进行前切除术的 2 8例直肠癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 手术全部成功 ,无并发症和中转开腹手术者。病理检查显示淋巴结清扫及手术切除范围满意。术后患者疼痛轻 ,肠功能恢复早 ;术后排便、排气时间平均为 3 2h ;术后平均住院天数为 7d。全组病例均获随诊 (时间为 8～ 19个月 ) ,无肿瘤复发和操作孔种植。结论 手辅助腹腔镜下行直肠癌前切除具有损伤少 ,恢复快 ,肿瘤切除彻底和操作安全等优点 ,值得临床推广应用。

418例基底细胞癌病例临床病理特点回顾分析

目的:探讨中国人群基底细胞癌临床和病理特征。方法:回顾基底细胞癌病例的临床及病理资料并进行统计分析。结果:共收集418个病例,男女比例为0.77∶1,平均年龄(65.39±13.51)岁。年龄小于60岁的病例占29%,其中男女比例为1.16∶1。分析病理亚型,结节型占81.8%,其次是浅表型(9.8%),剩余病理亚型所占比例小于10%。头面部肿瘤发生最多(86.6%),硬斑病样型全部分布于头面部,多数结节型也位于头面部,其他亚型常见于躯干和四肢。86.6%肿瘤有色素沉着,80.4%无溃疡表现。比较临床与病理诊断符合率,头面(84.7%)和躯干(79.1%)均高于四肢(46.2%)。结论:多数临床病理特征与高加索人群相似,值得关注和研究的特点有:中青年患者占有相当比例,该人群性别比例与老年人群不同;多数肿瘤有色素沉着,但溃疡发生率较低;多发基底细胞癌病例较少;皮脂腺痣并发基底细胞癌的患者年龄较大。临床与病理诊断符合率的研究提示无论从医生角度还是患者角度,都应加强对基底细胞癌的关注。

原发性小肠肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨小肠肿瘤的临床特点以及影响小肠恶性肿瘤预后的因素。方法 回顾分析 1974年～ 1999年收治的 42例原发性小肠肿瘤病例 (不包括壶腹周围癌 )的临床资料。结果 本组小肠良性肿瘤 6例中 5例为平滑肌瘤 ,1例为腺瘤 ;恶性肿瘤 36例 ,其中恶性淋巴瘤 17例 (4 7.2 % ) ,腺癌 11例 (30 6 % ) ,平滑肌肉瘤 6例 (16 7% ) ,类癌 1例(2 8% ) ,神经纤维肉瘤 1例 (2 8% )。临床症状无特异性 ,内镜和消化道钡餐是主要诊断手段。 5 0 %的恶性病例在手术时已有远处转移 ,仅 18例 (5 0 % )行根治性切除。 36例获随访。小肠恶性肿瘤患者术后 5年生存率为 47.3%。远处转移和肿瘤大小对生存率有显著影响。结论 早期诊断、早期治疗是提高小肠恶性肿瘤预后的主要手段 。