Impact of carbon disclosure on debt financing costs

Creditors,such as banks,often use disclosed environmental information to assess a company’s environmental risk and ensure the safety of debt funds.Consequently,carbon disclosures have become an important consideration for creditors when making investments.This study explores the relationship between carbon disclosure and debt financing costs using data on listed companies from 2008 to 2019.The results show that carbon disclosure can reduce the debt financing costs of enterprises,and that this influence is more significant for private companies than for state-owned enterprises.Instrumental variables and Propensity Score Matching(PSM)were used to evaluate the robustness of negative relationships.Furthermore,carbon disclosure has a more significant impact on debt costs with less environmental supervision pressure,weak residents’environmental awareness,and weak product market competition.These findings provide guidance for companies’carbon information disclosure and support the establishment of official carbon disclosure standards.

State-Owned Capital Participation in Private Enterprises:A Perspective of Debt Financing

This study takes debt financing as the entry point and explores the impact of state-owned capital participation in private enterprises from the perspectives of“unarticulated rules”and“articulated rules”.The study finds that state-owned capital participation significantly reduces the debt financing costs of private enterprises and expands the scale of their debt financing.This conclusion remains valid after a series of endogeneity and robustness tests.Further analysis of the mechanism reveals that state-owned capital participation improves the debt financing of private enterprises through multiple channels:Enhancing their social reputation,mitigating the“statistical bias”they face,optimizing their information quality,and reducing the“shareholder-creditor”agency problems.This paper conceptualizes these benefits as the“complementary advantages of heterogeneous shareholders”.This not only constructs a theoretical framework for“reverse mixed-ownership reform”but also better narrates the Chinese story of“mixed-ownership reform”by adopting a more universally applicable theory of equity structure.Additionally,the paper supplements existing research on the macro-and meso-level relationship between the government and the market by exploring the government’s positive role at the micro-level.

Research on the Coordinated Development of Inclusive Finance and Financing for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

As an important force in promoting economic and social development,small and medium-sized enterprises play a crucial role in enhancing China’s economic strength,creating employment opportunities,and promoting industrial structural transformation.However,due to their inherent weaknesses,small and medium-sized enterprises often face difficulties in financing within the traditional financial service system.This makes it difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to inject vitality into the development of the market economy by expanding their financing scale.Since 2013,China has vigorously developed inclusive finance and extended the services of traditional financial institutions to small and medium-sized enterprises,providing policy guidance,resource support,and technical support to alleviate the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises.Based on this,this article focuses on the current financing problems faced by small and medium-sized enterprises and specifically elaborates on how to lower the financing threshold for small and medium-sized enterprises and broaden their financing channels through inclusive finance,in order to promote the development of inclusive finance and a virtuous cycle of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises.

The Study on the Problem of the Relationship between the “Heterogeneity” of the Neighbor Enterprise and the Financing Efficiency of SMEs in China<br/>—Empirical Data from China Industrial Enterprises Database

This article tries to introduce the perspective of the “heterogeneity” of the neighbor enterprise into the research on the problem of the financing efficiency of the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). It takes enterprises in the China industrial enterprises database from 2005 to 2007 as the object of the research and defines the neighbor enterprise at a town (village, street) scale. This article selects the financing efficiency, enterprise scale, technical innovation of enterprise as the indexes to measure the “heterogeneity” of the neighbor enterprise, and examines whether they have a significant relationship with the enterprises themselves or not. Through building panel data model and the empirical analysis, this article finds that the financing efficiency and the degree of technological innovation of the neighbor enterprise are positively related to the financing efficiency of enterprises themselves, and the scale of the neighbor enterprise has a negative correlation with the financing efficiency of enterprises themselves. What’s more, this paper distinguishes the neighbor enterprise from the industry unusual neighbor according to whether enterprises are belong to the same industry or not at the same town(village, street), finding the neighbor enterprises which are the same industry have a great more relationship with the financing efficiency of SMEs than the neighbor enterprises which are the non trade.

An Empirical Analysis of the High-tech SMEs＇ Financing Based on Eviews5.0

This paper mainly studied the Financing Strategies of SMEs. It firstly collected literal reviews, and analyzed preliminarily the selection of the financing sample variables and data variables. Secondly, combined with Eviews5.0 software, it built a High-tech SMEs＇ financing model and deeply dug the factors affecting the financing of High-tech SMEs. Finally, combined with practical experience, this paper explored the measurements of financing taken by SMEs, and analyzed new financing channels. This paper made some contribution to the development of the High-tech SMEs＇ financing.

Universal Health Coverage in Somalia: Charting the Path to Equitable Healthcare Financing and Governance

Somalia is a country facing numerous challenges in achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and ensuring adequate healthcare financing, This article explores the complexities and obstacles that Somalia must overcome in its pursuit of UHC, the paper begins by providing an overview of the current healthcare landscape in Somalia, highlighting the lack of infrastructure, political instability, and limited financial resources that hinder the establishment of a comprehensive and equitable healthcare system. It then examines the role of international aid and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in filling the healthcare gap, while emphasizing the need for a more sustainable, domestically financed solution. Drawing on a range of data sources and case studies, the article proposes a multi-faceted approach to strengthen healthcare governance, improve resource allocation, and foster local capacity building, the study delves into the unique obstacles that Somalia faces, including a lack of infrastructure, political instability, and limited financial resources, which hinder the establishment of a comprehensive and equitable healthcare system. The paper also examines the role of international aid and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in filling the healthcare gap, while highlighting the need for a more sustainable, domestically financed solution. The findings underscore the importance of political commitment, international cooperation, and innovative financing mechanisms in advancing towards UHC in Somalia, providing valuable insights for other low resource, conflict affected settings.

Trade credit financing for supply chain coordination under financial challenges:a multi‑leader–follower game approach

This study is designed to solve supply chain inefficiencies caused by some members’financial problems,such as capital shortages and financing restrictions in a stochastic environment.To this end,we have established a supply chain finance framework by designing two novel coordinating contracts based on trade credit financing for different problem settings.These contracts are modeled in the form of multi-leader Stackelberg games that address horizontal and vertical competition in a supply chain consisting of multiple suppliers and a financially constrained manufacturer.However,previous studies in the trade credit literature have addressed only simple vertical competition,that is,seller-buyer competition.To solve the proposed models,two algorithms were developed by combining population-based metaheuristics,the Nash-domination concept,and the Nikaido-Isoda function.The results demonstrate that the proposed supply chain finance framework can eliminate supply chain inefficiencies and make a large profit for suppliers,as well as the financially constrained manufacturer.Furthermore,the results of the contracts’analysis showed that if the manufacturer is required to settle its payments to suppliers before the end of the period,the trade credit contract cannot coordinate the supply chain because of a lack of incentive for suppliers.However,if the manufacturer is allowed to extend its payments to the end of the period,the proposed trade credit financing contract can coordinate the supply chain.Finally,the sensitivity analysis results indicate that the worse the financial status of the manufacturer,the more bargaining power suppliers have in determining the contract parameters for more profit.

数字金融是否优化了实体企业融资结构

构建引入数字金融因素的企业融资结构理论模型,利用2013—2021年沪深A股上市公司数据,分析数字金融对实体企业融资结构的影响。实证结果表明,数字金融主要通过提升股权融资在融资结构中的比重,进而优化实体企业融资结构,但数字金融发展对实体企业融资结构的优化作用在不同行业、企业规模和产权性质下存在异质性。数字金融优化实体企业融资结构的机制主要包括提高企业信息透明度、提升信息披露质量以及增强市场关注度等。数字金融对企业直接融资规模产生线性的促进作用,对间接融资规模产生先抑制后促进的非线性影响,而数字金融对实体企业直接融资规模的促进作用大于对间接融资规模的促进作用。同时,数字金融对股权融资规模的影响程度高于对债券融资规模的影响程度。

数字普惠金融发展缓解融资约束研究——基于涉农企业的实证分析

伴随数字经济的蓬勃发展,数字普惠金融为缓解涉农企业融资约束提供了新的可能和路径。将北京大学数字普惠金融2011—2020年市级数据与中国涉农企业数据进行匹配,实证检验数字普惠金融发展对涉农企业融资约束的影响。研究表明:数字普惠金融发展可以显著缓解涉农企业融资约束,该结论在进行多种稳健性检验后依然成立。其中,数字普惠金融覆盖广度的影响效果优于使用深度和数字化程度;数字普惠金融发展能够通过降低融资成本、提高信息透明度等机制缓解涉农企业融资约束;数字普惠金融发展对非国有企业融资约束的缓解作用相对于国有企业更大,对加工服务业企业融资约束的缓解作用相对于养殖种植业企业更大。传统金融发展越好的地区,数字普惠金融发展对企业融资约束的缓解作用更强。总体而言,在缓解涉农企业融资约束异质性方面,数字普惠金融的“逐利性”大于其“普惠性”。文章为乡村振兴背景下解决涉农企业融资难题、助推农业经济发展提供理论参考和实践指引:第一,要继续推进数字普惠金融发展,为涉农企业提供数量众多、业态丰富的新型金融服务;第二,涉农企业要积极进行信息披露,减小与金融机构间的信息不对称程度,拓宽自身融资渠道;第三,要加大对落后地区和经营养殖种植业企业的扶持力度和资源倾斜,发挥数字普惠金融的应有之义。

数字金融发展缓解了家庭金融排斥吗? 基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据的分析

借助中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2013、2015、2017、2019年四轮调查数据,探讨数字金融发展对中国家庭金融排斥的影响。研究发现:无论从静态还是动态来看,数字金融发展都显著降低了家庭金融排斥;从排斥类型看,数字金融发展对家庭资产端和借贷端金融排斥均具有显著的缓解作用,并且对家庭资产端的影响更大。进一步,从不同的家庭类型来看,数字金融发展对农村、中西部、三四线城市以及银行业等传统金融相对落后地区家庭金融排斥的缓解作用更明显。

高水平推进金融强国建设:理论蕴意、现实问题及实现机制——做好金融五篇大文章的视角

高水平推进金融强国建设是当前乃至未来一段时期内我国金融领域工作的重中之重。本文深入阐述做好五篇大文章的重要理论蕴意,客观剖析当前发展面临的主要现实问题,并基于五篇大文章之间的内在逻辑关系分析,提出奋力做好五篇大文章助力高水平金融强国建设的实现机制。研究认为,科技金融是支撑科技强国建设的最有力保障、绿色金融是支撑美丽中国建设的最靓丽底色,普惠金融是支撑共富中国建设的最生动实践,养老金融是支撑和美中国建设的最真实写照,数字金融是支撑数字中国建设的最强大动能。基于此,本文围绕科技强国、美丽中国、共富中国、和美中国、数字中国建设目标,从做深做透科技金融大文章、做精做特绿色金融大文章、做实做细普惠金融大文章、做好做优养老金融大文章,以及做大做强数字金融大文章五个层面提出高水平推进金融强国建设的具体实施机制。

数字金融、数字鸿沟与家庭金融资产组合有效性——基于城乡差异视角的分析

数字金融发展有助于克服长期以来“三农”金融服务中面临的缺乏标准抵押物的“痛点”和信息不对称的“堵点”,有望加快弥合城乡数字鸿沟,让广大农民得以共同享受改革发展成果。利用中国数字普惠金融发展指数和2019年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,检验数字金融发展对城乡居民家庭金融资产组合有效性的差异,进而基于不同等级的数字鸿沟展开异质性讨论。研究表明:(1)数字金融发展显著提高了城乡家庭金融资产组合有效性,但明显更有利于城镇家庭,即城乡间存在家庭金融资产组合有效性差距拉大的危险;分维度来看,数字金融使用深度、普惠金融数字化程度也提高了城乡家庭金融资产组合有效性,且更有利于城镇家庭。(2)数字鸿沟是制约数字金融发展提高家庭金融资产组合有效性的关键因素,在城乡家庭都逾越一级和二级数字鸿沟后,数字金融发展显著提高了城乡家庭金融资产组合有效性,即数字金融发展要更好地促进城乡家庭金融资产组合有效性提升,其关键在于缩小数字鸿沟。因此,必须加快构建数字金融的包容性发展路径,建立健全城乡居民数字素养和金融素养培育的体制机制,不断弥合“信息富人”和“信息穷人”之间的数字鸿沟,提升居民家庭金融资产组合有效性。

绿色金融对农业绿色发展的影响效应及其作用机制研究

“双碳”背景下,农业绿色发展成为国家层面的战略选择。绿色金融作为促进农业绿色、可持续发展的催化剂和加速器,为农业绿色转型升级不断赋能。因此,研究绿色金融对农业绿色发展的影响效应及其作用机制具有重要意义。基于2011—2020年中国省际面板数据,采用熵值法构建绿色金融与农业绿色发展综合指数,进而应用面板数据回归模型检验绿色金融对农业绿色发展的影响效应及其作用机制。结果表明,绿色金融对农业绿色发展具有显著促进作用;绿色科技在绿色金融促进农业绿色发展中起到中介效应;绿色金融对农业绿色发展的影响不仅存在区域和维度异质性,而且具有依赖于环境规制的门槛效应。据此,应从健全绿色金融服务体系、强化科技引领、推动绿色金融差异化发展、灵活制定环境规制政策等方面入手,提升绿色金融推动农业绿色发展的效果。

绿色金融试点政策对新能源企业技术创新的影响研究

绿色金融试点政策作为促进我国经济绿色低碳发展的重要途径,可以有效解决新能源行业技术创新资金瓶颈问题。选取2012—2021年A股上市新能源企业为研究对象,以2017年作为绿色金融试点政策实施的时间节点,构建双重差分模型实证研究了绿色金融试点政策对新能源企业技术创新的影响。结果表明:(1)绿色金融试点政策促进了新能源企业技术创新;(2)绿色金融试点政策可以缓解新能源企业融资约束,进而促进新能源企业技术创新;(3)在企业异质性分析方面,国有产权性质、社会责任意识较好、较高金融发展水平和较高绿色金融水平地区的新能源企业技术创新受绿色金融试点政策的促进效果更明显。研究结论可以为新能源企业制定技术创新策略和融资策略提供一定的决策支持。

融资可得性、融资成本与民营企业创新

作为我国科技创新中坚力量,民营企业的技术创新一直面临“融资难”和“融资贵”问题。本文在一个综合框架内探究融资可得性和融资成本对民营企业创新的影响。实证研究发现:融资可得性的提高可以显著促进民营企业创新,而融资成本的上升没有显著抑制民营企业创新;进一步研究发现,融资可得性的改善更有利于促进股权集中度高、规模小、市场化水平较低地区的民营企业创新。研究结果表明,从促进民营企业创新角度看,解决民营企业融资困境主要在于提高融资可得性;在畅通融资渠道过程中,如果交易成本增加或正常的风险溢价导致较高的融资成本,则应允许这种隐性成本外显以促进市场机制发挥作用。此外,还应依据政策效应大小,对不同类型民营企业给予不同力度的政策支持。

基于DEA-Logit模型的新三板企业融资效率与退市研究

近年来发生的新三板企业退市问题已经引起了理论界和实务界的广泛关注。本文从融资效率角度出发,选取新三板退市企业和未退市企业组成研究样本,运用DEA和Logit模型实证检验融资效率对新三板企业退市的影响。研究发现,新三板退市企业融资效率在上市期间出现显著性下降,也显著低于未退市企业,融资效率水平下降是影响新三板企业退市的重要因素。研究结论可为新三板市场改革提供参考,也可为其他新兴资本市场提供借鉴。

基于业财会融合的管理控制系统重构

本文针对当前业财会融合研究中的热点问题,即业财会融合的内涵、种类、本质和系统构建问题进行了深入的探讨。笔者在界定“业”“财”“会”内涵的基础上,分别论述了业财融合、业会融合、财会融合和业财会融合四类融合的特点;指出了业财会融合的目的是实现价值管理与非价值管理的统一,业财会融合的本质是保证企业整体目标实现的管理控制系统;重构了基于业财会融合的管理控制系统,包括组织结构系统、信息沟通要素系统、控制目标分解系统、过程控制系统和评价激励系统。本文对创新和完善业财会融合理论和管理控制理论,指导企业建立业财会融合的管理控制系统具有重要价值。

科技—产业—金融循环的逻辑解构与政策启示

推动科技—产业—金融良性循环是实现高水平科技自立自强和高质量发展的核心命题。在梳理科技—产业—金融循环理论源流和研究文献基础上,基于创新经济学基本原理,对科技—产业—金融循环的内在逻辑进行研究。在理论逻辑层面,研究科技—产业—金融循环的基本范畴和核心要义。在历史逻辑层面,从国际实践中提炼促进科技—产业—金融良性循环的价值匹配与互动规律,总结科技—产业—金融循环关系的新变化。在现实逻辑层面,挖掘制约我国科技—产业—金融良性循环的主要堵点与原因。基于此,面向建设金融强国,从深化改革、制度设计、资源支持、平台建设、创新服务、全球生态等方面提出启示建议。

资本市场开放对企业并购融资的影响研究——基于“陆港通”多期双重差分的经验证据

“陆港通”政策是中国资本市场开放的重要举措。利用这一外生事件,以2010—2019年中国沪深A股并购事件为样本,运用多期双重差分模型检验“陆港通”对企业并购融资的影响,研究结果表明:“陆港通”实施可以降低并购的股权融资成本和债务融资成本,扩大并购的外部融资规模,缓解并购的融资约束程度,并且这种作用在非多元化和非关联企业并购中更加显著。进一步地探究“陆港通”对并购融资的影响机制,可以发现该政策通过改善信息环境和加强治理效应两种途径缓解企业的并购融资问题。因此,并购企业应积极响应“陆港通”政策,从而引入更多成熟的境外投资者,达到提高并购效率、提升并购效果的目的。

创新价值链视角下数字金融能否改善企业创新效率?

提升企业创新效率是积极稳妥发展数字金融、增强金融服务实体经济质效的重要落脚点。依据创新价值链理论理解企业创新效率,结合数字金融的金融属性与科技属性,阐释数字金融影响企业创新效率的作用机理,基于2011—2020年中国282个地级市数字金融百度新闻指数与三阶段链式网络DEA模型测算的企业创新效率数据,实证考察数字金融发展对企业创新效率的影响。研究结果发现:数字金融可以显著促进企业创意转化、知识凝结和成果实现三阶段创新效率提升,这主要是源于融资约束缓解效应、代理成本降低效应;异质性分析发现,数字金融对企业创新效率的提升作用在金融基础积累充足、知识产权保护完善、市场化程度高的地区与高新技术行业中表现得更加显著。相关研究结论对增强金融服务实体经济质效、加快实施创新驱动发展战略具有重要的政策启示。